저성선자극호르몬 성선저하증 (Hypogonadotropic Hypogonadism)으로 진단된 남성불임 환자에서 성선자극호르몬 (Gonadotropin) 치료가 정자형성 및 임신에 미치는 영향

주영민,김태홍,서주태,Joo, Young-Min,Kim, Tae-Hong,Seo, Ju-Tae 대한생식의학회 2009 Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine Vol.36 No.3

목 적: 저성선자극호르몬 성선저하증은 남성불임의 흔치 않은 원인이다. 저자들은 성선자극호르몬 특히 인간융 모성선자극호르몬 (Human chorioinc gonadotropin: hCG)/인간폐경성선자극호르몬 (Human menopausal gonadotropin: hMG) 치료가 정자형성 및 임신에 미치는 영향에 대해 알아보았다. 연구방법: 2001년 11월부터 2007년 3월까지 불임을 주소로 내원하여 저성선자극호르몬 성선저하증으로 진단되어 성선자극호르몬 (hCG/hMG) 치료를 받은 10명의 진료 기록을 후향적으로 분석하였다. 치료 후 임신 여부를 알아보았으며, 치료 전 고환의 용적에 따라 10 cc 미만인 군 (n=4)과 10 cc 이상인 군 (n=6)으로 나누어 치료 전후의 정액지표와 혈중 FSH, LH 및 testosterone 등의 호르몬 검사를 시행하여 비교하였다. 결 과: 10명의 환자 중 7명 (70%)에서 임신에 성공하였으며 치료 후 혈중 FSH, testosterone 수치가 의미있게 증가하였다. 고환 용적이 큰 군에서 치료 후 정액량, 정자수, 운동성 및 testosterone이 유의하게 증가하였다. 결 론: 불임을 주소로 온 환자에게 흔치는 않지만 면밀한 검사를 통해 저성선자극호르몬 성선저하증을 진단할 수 있어야 하며, hCG/hMG 병합요법은 자연임신 뿐만 아니라 최근의 보조생식술과 연계하여 충분히 성공적인 치료에 도달할 수 있다. Objective: Hypogonadotropic hypogonadism (HH) is an uncommon cause of male infertility. We investigated the outcome of gonadotropin therapy for restoring fertility and pregnancy outcomes in patients with HH. Methods: Medical charts of 10 infertile male patients with HH treated with gonadotropin were reviewed. Initial testicular volume were estimated. Semen analysis parameters (semen volume, sperm counts, motility), serum leutenizing hormone (LH), follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), total testosterone were determined before and after human chorionic gonadotropin/human menopausal gonadotropin (hCG/hMG) treatment. Differences were analyzed statistically. Results: Of 10 patients, 7 (70%) succeed at pregnancy (nature pregnancy in 4). Semen analysis parameters, serum FSH, and testosterone were increased significantly after treatment. The population was stratified according to initial testicular volume into a small testis subset (testicular volume less than 10 cc in 4) and a large testis subset (testicular volume 10 cc or greater in 6). Semen analysis parameters and serum testosterone were increased significantly after treatment in large testis subset. Conclusion: Infertile men with HH initiate and maintain spermatogenesis with gonadotropin (hCG/hMG alone or combined) therapy, thus gonadotropin therapy is good choice in infertile men with HH.

本のホテル業におけるチェーン化の決定要因に關する硏究

周永敏(Joo Young-Min) 한국관광레저학회 2008 관광레저연구 Vol.20 No.1

농촌관광마을사업에 대한 관광영향 지각 및 갈등이 주민참여에 미치는 영향

주영민 ( Young Min Joo ),박덕병 ( Duk Byeong Park ) 한국농촌지도학회 2008 농촌지도와 개발 Vol.15 No.4

The purpose of this study is to examine the effects of residents` perceptions of tourism impact and conflicts on residents` participation in rural tourism village. Method of analysis involves factor analysis and regression analysis in this study. In order to measure the level of perception, three factors(economic benefits, social benefits, social and environmental cost) are derived from the factor analysis. And also in order to measure the level of conflict, two factor(openness of information, leading of operation) are derive from the factor analysis. The result of regression analysis indicate that perceived economic benefits and social benefits are rather greater impacts on residents` participation than social and environmental cost, and also openness of information is rather greater impacts on residents` participation than leading of operation.

오라클을 이용한 ISO/IEC 13249-8 구현

주영민(Young-min Joo),이석훈(Sukhoon Lee),김장원(Jangwon Kim),정동원(Dongwon Jeong),백두권(Doo-Kwon Baik) 한국정보과학회 2011 한국정보과학회 학술발표논문집 Vol.38 No.1A

국제 표준 ISO/IEC 11179는 메타데이터를 등록하고 관리하기 위한 메타데이터 레지스트리 표준으로서 메타데이터의 공유 및 재사용으로 인하여 시스템 간 상호운용성을 보장한다. 이러한 특성 때문에 현재 많은 나라에서 메타데이터 레지스트리들이 구축되어 있다. 그러나 이러한 메타데이터 레지스트리들은 국제표준을 기반하고 있음에도 불구하고 메타데이터 레지스트리에 접근하기 위한 표준 인터페이스의 부재로 인해 사용자가 상이한 메타데이터 레지스트리에 접근할 때 각각 다른 접근 방법을 사용해야 한다는 불편함이 야기된다. 이러한 문제의 해결을 위하여 국제 표준 ISO/IEC 13249-8 MRA(Metadata Registry Access)가 제안되었다. 이 논문에서는 국제 표준으로 제정중인 MRA에 기반하여 메타데이터 레지스트리에 접근하기 위한 인터페이스를 개발한다. SQL 표준에 있는 사용자 정의 타입을 오라클 환경에서 사용하여 메타데이터 레지스트리를 물리적으로 구축하고 메타데이터 레지스트리에 접근하는 멤버함수를 정의한다. 마지막으로, 메타데이터 레지스트리에 접근하기 위한 MRA 인터페이스를 검증하고 평가한다. 사용자는 이러한 인터페이스를 사용하여 서로 상이한 메타데이터 레지스트리들에 효과적으로 접근할 수 있다.

日本におけるコンベンション産業の效率性 -運營主體別の比較分析-

주영민 ( Young Min Joo ),김진만 ( Jin Man Kim ) 한국이벤트컨벤션학회 2007 이벤트 컨벤션 연구 Vol.3 No.1

본 연구는 자료포락분석법을 사용해서 일본의 컨벤션을 대상으로 경영효율성을 측정함과 동시에 민영화된 컨벤션을 운영주체별로 주식회사와 재단법인의 2개의 그룹으로 분류해서 각 그룹의 효율성을 비교함으로서 어떤 운영주체가 컨벤션 시설을 효율적으로 운영하고 있는가를 검증하였다. 분석의 결과, 적정 산출물량에 대한 실제 산출물량의 비율에 있어서 주식회사 운영의 컨벤션이 재단법인 운영의 컨벤션과 비교하여 2배에 가까운 비율을 나타내고 있고, TE, PTE, SE의 모든 효율성에 있어서 주식회사 운영의 컨벤션이 재단법인 운영의 컨벤션과 비교하여 양호한 결과를 내고 있다는 사실로부터 컨벤션 운영에 있어서는 주식회사가 운영하고 있는 컨벤션이 효율적이라는 사실이 밝혀졌다. 재단법인이 운영하는 컨벤션이 비효율적인 이유로서 다음과 같은 것들이 생각되어진다. 첫번째로 지방자치단체가 많은 인원을 직원으로 파견하고 있기 때문에 직원들의 직무에 대한 전문성이 결여되어 있다. 두 번째로 수입의 큰 부분을 지방자치단체로부터의 보조금에 의존하고 있기 때문에 효율적 운영을 위한 경영노력이 부족하다. 세 번째로 시장규모가 작은 중소도시에 입지하고 있기 때문에 컨벤션에 대한 수요가 부족하다.

북해도고락가(北海道苦樂歌)를 통해본 강제동원

주영민 ( Joo Young-min ) 역사교육학회 2017 역사교육논집 Vol.64 No.-

There are two pieces of Bukhae-do Gorak-ga that we have found so far, and they were written by two rural youths of Chosun. They were compulsorily mobilized from Gyeongbuk Yecheon-gun. In Chosun society degraded as a colony of the Japanese Empire, Japanese empire were forced not to speak or write korean. They could describe their own experience with Hangeul using gasache at that time was because of the fact that the community of Yecheon did sing gasa widely and those from the region tried to transmit the custom even in a far foreign land. Therefore, there should be a great possibility that such type of gasa may be discovered around Yecheon-gun newly afterwards. With the two pieces of gasa in which the individuals` experience is plainly depicted, we can find how the recruiters dispatched from Japan collected coal mine laborers. The recruiters targeting youths in the farm villages of colonized Chosun falling behind did not only arouse their pride as a Hwangguk Sinmin but also deceived them saying agreeing on the mobilization would be a chance to encounter new products of civilization. In this process, it appeared to be a form of mobilization outside, but even the terminal civic units of the colonial government did support it aggressively. This researcher has found how Chosun laborers were transferred from Yecheon-gun to Oyubari Mining Station in Hokkaido in detail including the paths and transportations used. What is noticeable here is that in 1940`s, they were allowed to see their family or do any personal deeds they wanted to do freely while being transferred; however, in 1943, they was not even allowed to know the routing under the supervision of colonial bureaucrats. The number of Chosun people mobilized as coal mining laborers increased gradually, but the labor environment and dwelling conditions got even worse, so a lot of Chosun laborers died or got injured or tried to escape from it. In addition to that, inside the coal mine, management or supervision over Chosun laborers was committed by the company itself, and they treated the laborers cruelly just as they wished; therefore, it means that the company, also, should not be free from the blame like the Japanese government.

논문 : 고려 분묘 출토 청동식기 고찰

주영민 ( Young Min Joo ) 역사교육학회 2015 역사교육논집 Vol.57 No.-

In this article, in order to reveal the characteristics of bronze dishes buried in regional society graves during Koryo Dyansty, 15 sites of grave ruins were analyzed. As a result of analysis, objects that were associated with bronze dishes in graves are divided into earthenware and porcelain and composed of small dishes and practical dishes regardless of materials and had complementary relationship with difference in period. Also, through observation with naked eyes and physicochemical component analysis data, bronze dishes were mostly made by forging rather than pouring molten metal into a cast. According to the result of reviewing property analysis and change, at the beginning of 11th century when the creation of porcelain models became abundant, the production of standardized bronze dishes started, and through standardization, distribution of the products made by expert master craftsman to consumers in Koryo’s regional society was also active. This trend could also be confirmed by the type of porcelain made by expert master craftsman. Furthermore, standardization shows how much bronze dishes could hold; in other words, it is important data which indirectly reveals weights and measures during that time.

고러시대 묘역시설분묘의 중복현상에 대하여

주영민 ( Joo Young-min ) 중부고고학회 2007 강원고고학보 Vol.10 No.0

고려시대 지배층분묘로 추정되는 墓成施設憤墓는 장방형 曲墻과 전방에 1~2단의 參拜壇이 설치된다. 매장주체부는 석실, 석곽, 토광 등 다양한 양식으로 조영되고, 각 品職에 따라 조영규범이 시기를 달리하며 禁制되어 있다. 이러한 특징이외에도 지금까지 발굴 조사된 묘역시설분묘는 중복관계에서 특이한 양상을 보이고 있는 것이 확인된다. 신분제사회에서의 분묘조영 행위는 사회적 위치를 드러내는 직접적인 행위였을 것이다. 더욱이 신분에 따른 차별적 규모의 분묘조영 원칙이 엄격했던 사실을 감안하면, 서열을 가리는 중요한 준거로 사용되었음이 분명하다. 그럼에도 불구하고 당대 지배층분묘로 추정되는 묘역시설분묘의 중복은 아이러니가 아닐 수 없었다. 특히 매장주체부가 거의 중복되지 않고, 앞서 조영된 묘역시설분묘를 파괴하고 조영시기가 비슷한 타 분묘가 조영된다는 지금까지의 보고 결과는 더욱 이해할 수 없었다. 그러나 중복유형의 분석결과 종래의 보고가 잘못된 것이 확인되어, 이와는 반대로 묘역시 설분묘가 좋은 입지를 선점한 하위 묘제의 분묘를 파괴하고 조영된 사실을 알 수 있었다. 또한 묘역시설분묘를 조영할 수 있는 신분층 내에서는 하위 묘제의 매장주체부를 파괴하지 않고 봉분만 평탄화한 다음 그 위에 조영된 사실을 고고학적 자료와 문헌자료의 비교를 통하여 확인할 수 있었다. 특히 이러한 중복양상이 12세기경 近畿 이외의 지방에 조영된 묘역시설분묘들에서 집중적으로 확인되고 있다. 그러나 중복유형의 분석결과 종래의 보고가 잘못된 것이 확인되어, 이와는 반대로 묘역시설분묘가 좋은 입지를 선점한 하위 묘제의 분묘를 파괴하고 조영된 사실을 알 수 있었다. 또한 묘역시설분묘를 조영할 수 있는 신분층 내에서는 하위 묘제의 매장주체부를 파괴하지 않고 봉분만 평탄화한 다음 그 위에 조영된 사실을 고고학적 자료와 문헌자료의 비교를 통하여 확인할 수 있었다. 특히 이러한 중복양 상이 12세기경 近畿 이외의 지방에 조영된 묘역시설분묘들에서 집중적으로 확인되고 있다. 이러한 결과는 고려시대 묘지명을 분석하여 지배층의 매장지를 분석한 김용선의 연구결과와 일치하고 있다. 따라서 12세기경에 집중적으로 나타나는 묘역시설분묘의 중복현상은 당시 입사가 가능한 지방향리층 중에서 관인층에 준하는 묘제를 차용한 결과, 무덤의 주변 조영시설이 크게 확장되면서 어쩔 수 없이 주변 무덤을 파괴한 것으로 이해된다. The tombs for ruling classes in Goryeo Dynasty, graveyard facility tombs had a rectangular Gokjang and a 1 - to 2-layered worshipping altar in front. The main body of burial was erected by various techniques such as seoksil (stone vaults), Seokgwak (stone layers) and Togwang (pit) and the rules governing the erection of the tombs were varied and prohibited by period depending on each official rank. Other than such features, it has been confirmed that the graveyard facility tombs excavated and surveyed so far had unusual aspects in the relationship that the tombs were overlapped. The action of erecting a sepulcher (grave) m class-oriented society would be a means of directly revealing one's social status. Furthermore, when considering the fact that the principles of erecting discriminative scope of sepulchers depending on one's class were strictly observed, the said action must have been used as an important standard that divided the rank. Nevertheless, it would be ironical that the graveyard facility tombs for the then prominent persons were overlapped. Especially, it would not be quite understandable the research results held so far, in which the main bodies of burials were not nearly overlapped and the previously erected graveyard facility tombs were destroyed and other tombs of similar erection period were erected. However, after analyzing the types of overlapping, it has been confirmed that the existing reports were wrong. It has been noted that the graveyard facility tombs were erected by destroying the sub-graves (sub-sepulchers) that had occupied better positions. In addition, it has been found through the comparison of archeological data and literary materials that the main bodies of burials for sub-rank graves were not destroyed and only their grave mounds were flattened within the classes that could erect the graveyard facility tombs before their erection was made. Especially, such overlapping aspects were found conspicuously m the graveyard facility tombs erected somewhere in the 12th century. In this regard, it has been understood that some of the then local Hyangri-class people (clerk) used the tombs equivalent to that of the class of government officials', as a result, the neighboring erection facilities of tombs has been largely expanded and their neighboring tombs were unavoidably destroyed.

고려시대지배층분묘연구(高麗時代支配層墳墓硏究) -9~16세기묘역시설분묘(世紀墓域施設墳墓)를 중심(中心)으로-

주영민 ( Joo Young Min ) 부경역사연구소 2005 지역과 역사 Vol.- No.17

Although organization and structure of graves of public servants hold explanation to understanding the culture of the ruling class, little studies pertaining to the said topic have been conducted, and have not been concretely discussed even in philological studies of history of Goryeo that have been conducted in the past. Archeological studies also lack sufficient data on graves of the medieval age resulting in the inability to conduct a systematic study. However, the recent increase in the level of interest in medieval history of Korea also heightened interests in the graveyard remains that whose construction period was similar to each other, leading to a gradual increase of researchers in the said topic. In this study, the following deductions were made through analysis of graves of public servants distributed in the southern region of Korea. First, graves of public servants are surrounded by rectangular stone circles and their graveyard facilities are separately established. Graveyard formation is varied according to the grade of official rank, and the construction of the gravesite consists of the actual grave and the grave forefront. Second, graveyard facilities that appear to be those of public servants of the 12th century have been discovered around the region of Gaegyeong and surrounding vicinity and therefore, it is unreasonable to assume that these graves all belong to public servants. Consequently, graveyard facilities also include graves of locals. Third, graves of public servants are constructed on a hillock within 100meters above sea level. Few graves are built alone with majority forming gravesites of graves belonging to the family or relatives. The formation of gravesites of the 12th century do not appear to have had a fixed pattern or general rule of construction, however, construction pattern of graves within the gravesite take on a regular pattern entering Yeomalsuncho (period from the end of Goryeo Dynasty to the beginning of Joseon Dynasty). Fourth, graves of public servants are classified as type I and II based on its worshippers, and their transformations are closely related to changes in the repair of the graves under reign of Gyeongjong(reg. 1) and Munjong(reg. 37) during Goryeo Dynasty and under reign of Taejong(reg. 4 & 18) during Joseon Dynasty. Graves of public servants transformed through three significant stages. Stage 1 took place in year 976 under reign of Gyeongjong(reg. 1) during Goryeo Dynasty. The first grave repair was initiated but because it was not completed, types I and II-A were introduced. Stage 2 of changes took places from reign of Munjong(reg. 37) during Goryeo Dynasty to reign of Taejong(reg. 4) of Joseon Dynasty during which enactment of grave repair typical of Goryeo dynasty was established, and marked the appearance of graves of public servants that are representative of type II-B. During this period, due to the unstable construction pattern of graves of the 12th century, a second transitional regulation for graves were carefully examined, and repair of graves of public servants were strictly prohibited. Third stage of change took place under reign of Taejong (reg. 4 & 16) of Joseon Dynasty. In the process of reforming the dynasty and stabilizing the royal authority, the new changes identified differences and status between graves of the royal family and those of public servants, and distinguished the graves of public servants of Joseon dynasty from those of Goryeo Dynasty.

경남지방 묘역시설분묘의 현황과 특징

주영민(Joo, Young-Min) 부산대학교 한국민족문화연구소 2017 한국민족문화 Vol.64 No.-

고려시대에 처음 출현해서 조선으로 계승·발전된 墓域施設墳墓에 대한 연구는 고려에서 조선으로 왕조가 교체되었음에도 큰 변화 없이 전조의 것을 계승하였던 것으로 이해하고 있다. 더욱이 여말선초의 혼란기에 지방에 조영되기 시작한 묘역시설분묘의 성격에 대한 검토 역시 미진한 실정이었다. 이와 관련하여 발굴조사 자료만으로 지방에 조영된 묘역시설분묘의 주인공을 향리로 비정하였지만 명확한 근거는 제시하지 못하였다. 특히 고려와 달리 조선이 성리학을 통치이념으로 내세운 국가였던 점을 고려하면 墳墓步數도 성리학 이념에 맞게 재편되었을 것으로 판단되지만, 종래의 조선시대 분묘연구를 검토해 보면 풍수지리학적 관점과 무덤에 배치된 석물 중심의 연구가 주종을 이루고, 이조차도 서울·경기지역에 치우치고 있어 조선건국과 더불어 여말선초기에 분묘보수가 어떻게 성리학 이념에 맞게 변모되어 갔는지에 대한 연구는 미미한 실정이다. 이 글에서는 이러한 의문점을 밝히기 위해서 경남지역을 중심으로 문화재로 지정·관리되고 있는 묘역시설분묘들의 현황과 특징을 도출하고 발굴조사 자료와 비교·검토를 하여보았다. 그 결과 경남지방에서 확인되는 묘역시설분묘의 피장자들은 향리 계층으로 적어도 선대가 고려 말부터 지방의 실권을 장악한 유력가문이었던 것을 확인할 수 있었다. 아울러 지방에 대한 지배력과 경제적 우월성을 근간으로 이들은 지역 내에서 자신들만의 집단묘역인 族墳을 중앙과는 차별화되게 조영하였던 것을 확인할 수 있었다. 아울러 麗末鮮初期를 지나 16세기까지의 묘역시설분묘의 형태 변화와 합장방법의 변화를 추적하여 조영계층의 정치적 이념이 성리학을 근간으로 하고 있었고 그 이념에 부합되게 분묘보수가 재편되었던 것을 확인할 수 있었다. Research on Ruling class grave that first appeared in Goryeo and then became passed down and developed up to Chosun reports that they were handed down without much change from the former from Goryeo to Chosun despite the exchange of dynasties. Besides, research has been hardly conducted on the characteristics of Ruling class grave which began to be constructed in local area during the era of confusion, late Goryeo and early Chosun. Regarding this, research has estimated that Hyangri is the main person buried in Ruling class grave built in local area only with materials obtained through investigation and excavation but failed to present any clear grounds for it. In particular, considering the fact that differently from Goryeo, Chosun was a state that put up Confucianism as its ruling ideology, we can assume that tomb repair should have been reorganized then according to the ideas of Confucianism. Examining advanced research on tombs in Chosun, however, we can see most of it deals with the theory of divination based on topography or stone objects arranged in tombs, and still, this focuses on Seoul․Gyeonggi area too much. In fact, there is little research on how tomb repair came to be transformed after the foundation of Chosun, that is, in late Goryeo and early Chosun according to the ideas of Confucianism. To solve this question, this author has examined the current status and characteristics of Ruling class grave designated and managed as cultural heritages in Gyeongnam and looked into them comparatively with materials obtained through investigation and excavation. As a result, this researcher has learned that the buried in Ruling class grave found in Gyeongnam are Hyangri and their ancestors were from influential family equipped with authority in local area at least from late Goryeo. Furthermore, with their control over the area and economic superiority, they formed their own group graveyard, that is, family graveyard, in the district differently from that located in the center. Moreover, tracing how Ruling class grave changed in terms of their shape and how they buried people together from late Goryeo and early Chosun up to the 16th century, this author has learned that those constructing them were grounded on Sung Confucianism politically and reorganized the method of tomb repair correspondingly to the ideology.