http://chineseinput.net/에서 pinyin(병음)방식으로 중국어를 변환할 수 있습니다.
변환된 중국어를 복사하여 사용하시면 됩니다.
한우 포유모우의 산유량 및 유성분에 관한 연구 3 . 한우유의 이화학적 특성 및 성분에 관한 연구
강수원,정연후,손용석 ( S . W . Kang,Y . H . Chung,Y . S . Son ) 한국축산학회 1991 한국축산학회지 Vol.33 No.2
From 102 heads of Korean Native Cows, the milk of 620 samples were collected bi-weekly during post-partum 6 months, and analyzed for measuring physico-chemical properties and some components. The results obtained are summarized as follows; l. Average specific gravity, pH and acidity of total milk samples was 1.035, 6.68 and 0.215, respectively. 2. The ratio of average butter fat, protein, lactose, ash and total solids of total milk samples was 4.69, 4.10, 4.23, 0.85 and 13.86%, respectively. 3. Specific gravity, pH and acidity of the milk produced within 180 days tended to be higher in late days than in early days of lactation. 4. The ratio of butter fat, protein and total solids of the milk increased with proceeding lactation, whereas ash-ratio stayed relatively unchanged and lactose-ratio declined, and negative correlations were observed between the milk yield and the components. 5. Gross energy content of each kilogram milk calculated from the chemical composition during the period of 180 days was 801, 790, 795, 816, 850 and 896 Kcal for l, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6 month, respectively, averaging 825 Kcal.
한우 포유모우의 산유량 및 유성분에 관한 연구 2 . 포유모우의 산유량에 관한 연구
강수원,정연후,손용석 ( S . W . Kang,Y . H . Chung,Y . S . Son ) 한국축산학회 1991 한국축산학회지 Vol.33 No.1
This experiment was carried out to investigate dam`s milk secretion potential as well as the individual factors affecting the milk yield in nursing Korean native cows. The milk yield of each cow was measured by the newly developed milking procedure in which a portable vacumn-operated bucket milker was used at two quarters of each cow`s udder while the calf was simultaneously suckling at the other two teats. One hundred and two nursing cow-calf pairs were examined for 5 years from Feb. 1985 to Oct. 1989. The results obtained are summarized as follows; 1. The average daily and total milk yield of dams for 180 days was 3.49 and 627.5kg, respectively. although great individual difference in daily milk production existed ranging from 6.20 to 1.60kg. 2. The average daily milk yield measured at 30 day intervals from 1 to 6 months after parturition was 4.73, 4.34, 3.70, 3.21, 2.73 and 2.20kg, respectively. 3. Maximum point of the average daily milk yield was within the 10th day after parturition, thereafter milk production was linearly decreased by 0.017kg per day through remaining lactation period. 4. Dam`s parity, age and body weight immediately after parturition had a quadratic effect on milk yield reaching its maximum at 5.5th parity, 1 t years old and 467.5kg, respectively. 5. When the body measurements of dam and milk yield was correlated right after calving, higher milk yield was obtained with increasing body-length, withers-height, chest-depth and rump-length. The highest amount of milk was produced when the ratio of withers-height to the body weight was about 4 to 1.
한우 번식우의 월동기 야외사육에 관한 연구 3 . 월동기 사육환경과 영양수준이 육성빈우의 체중변화 및 번식능력에 미치는 영향
강수원(S . W . Kang),정연후(Y . H . Chung),이병석(B . S . Lee),손용석(Y . S . Son),정천용(C . Y . Chung) 한국축산학회 1988 한국축산학회지 Vol.30 No.10
This experiment was carried out to investigate the effects of wintering sites and nutritional levels on the live-weight gains and reproductive performances of Korean Native Growing Heifers during winter season. Thirty six heads of growing heifers were kept at three different wintering sites (housed, outside and woody land) and nutritional levels (100, 125 and 150% of NRC recommendation) for 120 days from Dec. 3, 1984 to Apr. 2, 1985 in Alpine Experiment Station, Daegwallyoung, Korea. The results obtained were summarized as follows; 1. When the growing heifers were wintered at three different wintering sites with three nutritional levels, the live weight of the housed group was more slightly increased than those of others, although, there were not significantly different among them. However, in three nutritional levels, the live weight of the growing heifers fed at 150% level of NRC was significantly higher (P 〈0.01) than that fed at 100% level, but there were not significant differences between 100% and 125%, and between 125% and 150%. 2. Effects of the high nutritional levels on the live weight gain during winter season were not prolonged until the time of ad libitum by grazing, and the live weight gain that was not sufficient at low nutritional level was much more compensated than the high nutritional level during the grazing season. For all three wintering sites, the live weight gains from starting the winter feeding to grazing season were tend to be the same. 3. In the nutrients of feeds in growing heifers, CP efficiency was higher in the housed group and the 100% level than the others, and TDN efficiency was higher in the housed group and the 125% level. Upon this, the live weight gain effect was higher in TDN than CP during winter season. 4. During the winter season, the reasonable feeding level for the growing heifers in the housed feeding was cleared to 107% level of NRC requirement, and the out door feeding was cleared to 120% level of NRC requirement. 5. In reproductive performances, average age and weight at first estrus and estrus cycle of thirty six growing heifers were 13.8 months, 227.3 kg and 21.9 days, respectively, and there were not significantly different among the wintering sites and the nutritional levels.
한우 포유모우의 산유량및 유조성분에 관한 연구 1 . 포유모우의 산유량 추정방법 확립에 관한 연구
강수원(S . W . Kang),정연후(Y . H . Chung),정창화(C . H . Chung),나승환(S . H . Na),손용석(Y . S . Son),백동훈(D . H . Baik) 한국축산학회 1989 한국축산학회지 Vol.31 No.3
This experiment was conducted to establish the estimating of dam`s milk producing capacity which forms the basis of Korean Native Cattle improvement for 3 years from 1982 to 1984. Four methods, including weight difference of the calf before and after nursing, hand milking and machine milking were compared with a new milking while the calf nurses, which the good points from the existing methods were extracted and then were developed. Fifty nine heads of nursing cow were tested to investigate dam`s milk yield. dam`s milk composition by the new milking method for 3 years from 1985 to 1987. The results of this experiment are summarized as follows: 1. This new method was made to use a portable vacuum·operated bucket milker in two quarters of each cow`s left or right udder while the calf suckles two quarters of his or her dam`s right or left udder. On this method. cows and calves were seperated at 8:00 am and at 5:00 pm the calves allowed to nurse. Cows and calves remained seperated over night. At 8:00 am and 5:00 pm the following day, the calves allowed to nurse one udder half while the rest was milked by machine. 2. On the comparison with methods estimating dam`s milk yield, the method by calf-weight difference before and after nursing wasn`t exact and good method in estimating dam`s milk yield and composition because not only this method was indirectly estimated by calf`s weight gain but also milk sample could not be taken. And also, the method by hand milking and machine milking could be surveyed only 60 days and 4 to 10 days, respectively, because dam`s milk yield was rapidly decreased with passing the milking day. However, by the new method, milking could be completely done without failure for 180 days and samples for analyzing the milk composition could be taken more easily and exactly than any other method. 3. Daily average and total milk yield of fifty nine heads investigated by this new method for 180 days was 3.48 and 625.8kg, respectively. 4. In the milk composition, total solids, far, protein, lactose and ash content was 14.21, 4.64, 4.07, 4.21 and 0.89 percent, respectively.
한우 육성빈우 (育成牝牛) 의 에너지와 단백질요구량 추정 1 . 대사시험에 의한 한우 육성빈우의 에너지와 단백질 요구량 결정
정연후(Y . H . Chung),이상철(S . C . Lee),강수원(S . W . Kang),정정수(C . S . Chung),정천용(C . Y . Chung) 한국축산학회 1992 한국축산학회지 Vol.34 No.5
Metabolism trial was carried out to estimate the energy and protein requirements for Korean native heifers. Nine heifer calves weighing about 150㎏ were randomly assigned into three target daily gains (0.2㎏, T₁; 0.6㎏, T₂; 0.8㎏, T₃) with interval of BW 50㎏ through BW 350㎏, aiming to estimate the energy and protein requirements. The amount of nutrient to be fed was based on NRC requirements (1984), and the ration consisted of hay, rice straw and grass silage as roughage source, and concentrate mixture. Average daily gains across body weight classes were 0.30(T₁), 0.62(T₂) and 0.67㎏(T₃), respectively. Except for crude fiber, digestibilities and nutritive values of experimental ration were increased with the increase of daily gain. As expected, nitrogen intake was significantly(P$lt;0.05) increased with the increase of daily gain, but there were no differences in digestible nitrogen intake and nitrogen retention between T₂ and T₃ group. Based on pooled data of body weight classes, nitrogen(N) and digestible nitrogen(DN) requirements were estimated as follows; N requirement(g/W^0.75/day) = 0.98+1.25DG-0.44DG² (R²=0.42**), DN requirement(g/W^0.75/day) = 0.40+1.19DG-0.24DG² (R²=0.49**) Metabolizable energy intake, heat production and energy retention tended to increase with the increase of daily gains, not with body weight, although there was no difference between T₂ and T₃ group. Energy losses expressed as % of gross energy(GE) intake was higest from feces(42.8%), followed by heat production(42.3%), and lowest from urine(2.0%). Total digestible nutrient(TDN), DE and ME requirements were as follows; TDN requirement(g/W^0.75/day) = 28.13+60.40DG-14.03DG² (R²=0.48**), DE requirement(㎉/W^0.75/day) = 134.34+ 220.59DG-71.90DG² (R²=0.54**), ME requirement(㎉/W^0.75/day) = 116.98+171.32DG-35.73DG²(R²=0.54**). Total digestible nutrient, DE and ME requirements for maintenance were 28.13g, 134.3㎉ and 116.98 ㎉/W^0.75/day, respectively. The estimated NEm requirement from the relationship between ME intake and heat production was 76.5㎉/W^0.75/day.