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고등학교 과학의 실험 개선에 관한 연구 : 화학영역의 물질 단원을 중심으로 focused on Material unit of Chemistry Part
김재현,전창순,장낙한 공주대학교 과학교육연구소 2005 과학교육연구 Vol.36 No.-
제 7차 과학과 교육과정에서 학생들이 문제를 해결할 수 있는 능력을 습득할 수 있는 지식의 습득이나 사고 과정에 대한 관심이 증가되고 있다. 이 과정은 실험을 통해서 이루어지고 있다. 실험 과정은 학생들이 어떻게 과학적으로 사고하는 과정을 배우게 한다. 따라서 학생의 사고 훈련을 위해서 과학 실험은 매우 중요하고 과학교육의 중요한 분을 차지한다고 할 수 있다. 그러나 과학교사들이 얼마나 많은 실험을 하는지에 대한 조사에 의하면 거의 실험을 하지 않는 것을 나타냈으며 또 과학교과서에 대한 분석 조사에서 많은 오류가 있음을 발견하였다. 여기서 우리는 교과서 분석에 잘못된 실험방법과 개념을 찾고 이에 대한 개선점을 제안하고자 한다. The science of the seventh curriculum puts emphasis on the students' acquisition of knowledge, way of inquiring, which is very required when one solve the problem scientifically. For this reason an experimentation is needed. Because through an experiment students can learn the way how to study something scientifically. But according to the survey result about how often science teacher carry out an experiment, it says that most teacher did not perform enough experiments. And after analyzing the twelve kinds of science textbook, it was not hard to find out that textbook itself has many critical faults. We found all twelve textbooks very faulty in all aspects. For example in the case of experiment on a metal and metal salt reaction, the condition and concentration of metal should have been explained . But nothing was written in our textbooks. In conclusion, we must do our best to motivate the students think in a creative and productive way. And then what can we do for it ? Here you can see something I would like to suggest to you. The first, we ought to change the system of entrance examinations to university that impose a heavy burden on both a student and a teacher. and we also need appropriate one for evaluating the student's scientific study ability which was built up through many experimental experiences. The second, we should increase the number of science class for several reasons. Among this reasons the excessive quantity of experiments in the textbook must be considered first as stated above. Because that makes it impossible to deal with all experiments of the textbook in an assigned class. The third, we will have to lead the teachers to participate in the process of developing and evaluating the textbook They could offer some help for supplement of it. In addition to this, more strong measures of evaluating the textbook itself have to be taken. The last the science teachers must be a man of great learning about safety control, many kinds of experiments, and scrapped material treatment method. So many good educational program for teachers must be opened. These training will give teachers good knowledge and make them an real expert who can manage all kinds of problems which could happen anytime unexpectedly.
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유방암 수술 후 조기 운동프로그램이 어깨관절기능, 통증, 림프부종 및 일상생활 수행능력에 미치는 영향
김미옥,전창순,조영자,조의영 대한간호협회 2005 대한간호 Vol.44 No.2
Purpose : The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of an early exercise program after mastectomy and provide the early exercise program protocol for patients who had undergone mastectomy. Method : It was conducted with the experimental design similar to the Non-Equivalent control group pre-post test. The subjects were twenty-one women who were diagnosed with breast cancer(11 in the experimental group and 10 in the control group). The subjects in the experimental group participated in early exercise program for fourteen days. The exercise program consisted of deep breathing, shoulder stretching, pose correction of upper body, promotion of physical state, ROM exercise(passive, active). Data was analysed with a χ2-test(Fisher's exact test), Mann-Whitney U test, Wilcoxon test using SPSS WIN 11.0program. Result : There were significant differences at post exercise. The experimental group showed significant increases in shoulder flexion, adduction, abduction, internal rotation, external rotation and decreased in arm circumference of operative side. Also the experimental groups relief pain, had less difficulty of shoulder function of daily living(comb hair, fasten brassiere hook, reaching the ipsilateral scapula, and contralateral scapula with fingers on the operated side, spread a blanket, lift a shopping basket). Conclusion : The results of this study suggest that, after mastectomy, the early exercise program can make a significant contribution to the return of more normal shoulder function and decrease of swelling in operative side, relief pain, recovery of activities of daily living.
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