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운동이 Growth hormone 분비에 미치는 영향의 메타분석
장봉우(Bong Woo Chang) 한국체육교육학회 2000 한국체육교육학회지 Vol.5 No.1
The purpose of this study was to analyze the published literature on growth hormone and exercise by a meta-analysis review method in trained men and untrained men. The researcher reviewed 46 original investigations concerning changes in growth hormone levels due to physical activity. However, only 20 studies provided enough information to calculate effect sizes by meta-software program and were included in the statistical analysis. The magnitude of the changes in growth hormone levels due to exercise were represented by the effect size. The statistical analysis of these effect sizes indicated that basal growth hormone levels increase in trained men and untrained men. Meta-analysis was shown to be a useful research method to investigate changes in physiological variables.
장봉우 ( Bong Woo Chang ),동중영 ( Joong Young Dong ) 한국스포츠심리학회 2009 한국스포츠심리학회지 Vol.20 No.3
본 연구의 목적은 장기간 저항운동 강도별 스트레스를 지칭하는 호르몬의 분비 차이를 제시하는 것이며, 타 연구 논의의 차별화로 배제된 심리적 관련 변인을 기술하였다. 연구대상은 C 대학교 남자대학생 17명으로 최대하 및 최대운동 강도별로 각각 6주간의 저항운동 실시 후 네 시점별 성장호르몬과 테스토스테론 및 코르티솔의 차이 결과, 남성호르몬을 제외한 성장 및 코르티솔 변화는 안정시에 비해 운동직후 유의하게 증가하였으며, 6주 전후 변화는 코르티솔만이 네 시점별 유의한 증가가 있었다. 분비 차이의 의미로, 성장호르몬 증가는 운동 강도별 모두 유의하게 증가하였으며, 남성호르몬은 유의한 변화가 없었으며, 최대강도 운동의 경우 코르티솔은 6주 후 평소 안정 시에도 증가되어 있었다. 장기간 운동처치의 생리적인 결과 해석에 심리적 변화를 고려하여야 하며 부정적인 스트레스로 변환되지 않도록 심리적인 여러 변인 연구가 병행되어야 하겠다. The purpose of this study was to examine how weight training intensity works on the secretion of the human growth hormone, testosterone and cortisol, which are kinds of the stress hormone secreted out of the endocrine system. To study this purpose effectively, Thus, 17 male students at a university were selected to be the subjects of this study and they were divided into two group. A group composed of 8 subjects took exercise at submaximal intensity(SUB Group) and another group composed of 9 subjects took exercise at maximal intensity(MAX Group) for 6 weeks. The stress hormone changes of growth hormone, testosterone and Cortisol were analyzed before exercise, immediately after exercise, 10 minutes after exercise, and 40 minutes after exercise respectively, two times to pre-training and post-training for 6 weeks. To sum up, 9 subjects who took resistance exercise at the two intensities for 6 weeks showed high growth hormone levels SUB Group and Max Group. Also it suggests that ordinary people have need to carefully determine exercise intensity according to their physical-psychological conditions. The reason why testosterone was not significantly secreted in comparison to growth hormone and cortisol might be complicatedly related to subject`s physical condition, psychological variables related to needs.
장봉우(Bong Woo Chang) 한국체육교육학회 2001 한국체육교육학회지 Vol.6 No.1
The purpose of this study is to statistically integrate the research findings of several studies by a meta-analysis review method approach to provide a rigorous and objective analysis of published literature on the subject of growth hormone and testosterone changes after exercise in trained and untrained men. The researcher reviewed 46 primary sources concerning changes in growth hormone levels due to exercise. However, only 29 articles for growth hormone provided enough information to obtain effect sizes and were relevant to the meta-analysis. Meta-analysis would be an appropriate research method to analyze the findings of the literature on growth hormone due to exercise. This meta-analysis was designed to provide a better knowledge of growth hormone levels with variables such as fitness level of subject, exercise intensity, exercise time, exercise mode, and sampling characteristics. 1. The statistical analysis of these secretions indicated that basal growth hormone levels do not significantly change in trained and untrained men prior to exercise. 2. It ha been demonstrated that growth hormone levels are very highly elevated during and after exercise, and that these elevations has large positively increased with effect size in trained and untrained men. Most of the available research indicates that the effect size of trained men showed more pronounced growth hormone elevations due to exercise than untrained men. 3. Submaximal intensity exercises produce acute increases in growth hormone concentration in trained athletes than growth hormone responses to maximal intensity exercises in the effect size. However, the growth hormone concentration is present more in maximal intensity exercises than submaximal intensity exercises in untrained athletes in the effect size. More ell designed and controlled research projects are needed in order to determie the changes, if any, of growth hormone levels with exercise. Researchers will have to clarify the type of exercise, amount of muscle tissue used, intensity, and duration of exercise. The frequency of exercise or training program seems to be another important variable, because the importance of growth hormone levels during intense exercise is related not to the possible levels during exercise, but rather, to the growth hormone levels during the post-exercise phase. Subjects involved in future studies must be clearly defined by age, sex, health status and fitness level. The sampling procedures must be standardized during testing in order to eliminate the possible variations due to circadian rhythms, time and season of the sampling, isolated blood samples, changes in serum and plasma volume. and method of determination.
Dynamic system training과 detraining이 노인들의 낙상관련 신체적성과 보행 형태에 미치는 영향
최종환(Jong Hwan Choi),장봉우(Bong Woo Chang) 한국발육발달학회 2006 한국발육발달학회지 Vol.14 No.2
The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of dynamic system training and detraining on fall-related fitness(knee muscular strength, power, endurance, flexibility, agility, cardiorespiratory endurance, body mass index, static balance, and dynamic balance) and gait pattern(cadence, gait velocity, gait stability) in the elderly. The subjects were assigned to 2 groups: dynamic system training(DST) group(n=37, 68.69±3.83) and aerobic complex training(ACT) group(n=38, 67±3.67). The subjects were asked to participate in dynamic system training or aerobic complex training(ACT) group(3 times/week, 80min/day) for 12 weeks. The subjects were tested on fitness and gait pattern at the beginning, the end of the 12-week training, and detraining of 2 and 4 weeks. For data analysis mean and standard deviation scores were calculated, and paired t-tests, repeated two-way and one-way ANOVA, simple contrast tests were used. After 12-weeks training, both trainings were significantly effective on all fitness factors, except for BMI and static balance. In detraining after 2 & 4 weeks, the DST was more significantly effective than ACT on muscular strength and dynamic balance, while the ACT was more significantly effective than DST on muscular power and cardiorespiratory. Meanwhile both groups did not showed any effect of training and detraining on gait cadence, the DST group showed the training effects and maintained the effects after 2 week detraining on the gait velocity and gait stability. However the ACT group only showed training effect on the gait velocity. Therefore, the present findings suggest that DST may be better beneficial to fitness, and gait velocity and stability for preventing fall in the elderly women.