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林奎辰 공주대학교 학생생활연구소 1987 學生生活硏究 Vol.16 No.-
本 硏究에서 究明하고자 한 具體的인 目的은 다음과 같다. 첫째, 중등학교의 組織風土 類型을 診斷한다. 둘째, 중등학교 敎師集團의 凝集性 수준을 測定, 分析한다. 셋째, 중등학교의 組織風土 類型과 교사집단의 凝集性과의 관계를 밝히는 한편 學校組織 의 背景要因別 즉, 學校級別, 學校設立者別, 學校所在地別로 어떤 差를 나타내는지 알아본다. 本 硏究에서 중등학교의 組織風土 類型 분석을 위하여 사용된 道具는 Halpin과 Croft의 組織風土記述質問紙 (Organizational Climate Description Questionnaire)를 우리나라의 實情에 맞도록 축소, 제작한 簡便型 OCDQ이었다. 그리고 교사집단의 凝集性 測定을 위한 道具는 Scott와 Roland가 意味分析法을 기초로 하여 개발한 道具를 그대로 번역, 사용하였다. 本 硏究의 調査對象은 충남도 내에서 類層·無線標集한 중·고등학교 교원500 명이었고, 그 가운데 質問紙를 회수, 처리한 인원수는 405명 (회수율81.0 %)이었다. 資料分析에 사용된 統計的 方法은 ??, SD, CR, χ²,P등이었다. 本 硏究 주요 結果를 요약, 제시해 보면 다음과 같다. (1) 중등학교의 組織風土 類型은 전체적으로 開放風土 類型(74.1 %)이 閉鎖風土 類型 (25.9%)보다 훨씬 높은 비중을 차지하고 있는 것으로 밝혀졌다. (2) 중등학교 교사들의 전체적인 集團凝集性 수준(4.56점)은 平均수준을 상회하는 것으로 나타났다. 學校級別로는 고등학교보다 중학교 교사집단의 凝集性이 다소 높은 수준을 보였으나 양 집단 간에는 P > 0.5 수준에서 有意한 差가 없는 것으로 밝혀졌다. (3) 중등학교의 組織風土 類型과 교사집단의 凝集性 간에는 有意한 相關이 있는 것으로 밝혀졌다. 즉, 중등학교의 組織風土 類型이 開放風土인 경우 교사집단의 凝集性이 높고, 閉鎖風土인 경우 교사집단의 凝集性은 낮은 것으로 나타났다. 그리고 이들 양자간의 相關의 정도는 C = .229 ( C의 極大値는 .707임 ) 수준으로 밝혀졌다. (4) 學校組織의 背景要因別로 중등학교의 組織風土 類型과 교사집단의 凝集性의 關係를 분석해 본 結果는 다음과 같다. 먼저 學校級別로는 중·고등학교 모두 전체적인 경향과 동일하게 組織風土 類型이 開放風土일 때 교사집단의 凝集性이 높고, 閉鎖風土일 때 교사집단의 集性은 낮게 나타났으며 이는 각각 P < .01, P < .02 수준에서 의미하는 것으로 밝혀졌다. 學校設立者別로는 국·공립 및 사립에 관계없이 모두 전체적인 경향과 동일한 결과를 보여 주었다. 學校所在地別로는 市 地域 중등학교의 경우 전체적인 경향과 동일한 結果를 나타냈으나, 邑·面 지역 중등학교의 경우에 있어서는 組織風土 類型에 관계없이 교사집단 凝集性 수준이 모두 平均 이상의 수준을 보여주었다. The specfic purposes of this study were (1) to classify the styles of secondary schools climate, (2) to analyze the level of teacher-group's cohesiveness, (3) to identify the relationship between the styles of school climate and teacher-group's cohesiveness, and (4) to identify this relationship according to some background variables of schools- the grade of schools, school establishments, and the location of them. Two kinds of questionnaires were administered to a sample of 500 teachers stratified-random sampled from secondary schools in Choong-Nam province. One was to measure the organizational climate styles, OCDQ, the other to measure the teachers' cohesiveness developed by Scott and Rowland. The statistical methods used were ??, SD, CR, χ²and P. The Results were as follows ; (1) It was found that the majority of secondary schools in Choong-Nam provines belong to 'Open climate' style(74.1 %). (2) The level of total teachers' cohesiveness was over the average score of it, and according to the grade of schools, the level of it in Middle Schools was higher than in High Schools. (3) The relationship between the school climate styles and teachers; cohesiveness was signigicant (C=. 229), in other words, the level of teachers; cohesiveness was higher in 'open climate' style than in 'closed climate' one. (4)The analysis of that relationship in accordance with the background variables of schools showed that the degree of the relationship was the same with the result mentioned above in(3), unrelatedly to the school establishments and urban schools. But in revel schools, the level of teachers; cohesiveness was over the average unrelatedly to the styles of school climate.
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임규진 국립7개대학공동논문집간행위원회 2003 人文學論叢 Vol.3 No.-
The purpose of this study is to present theoretically and practically the basic data to set up a new direction of personnel management system for teachers by analysing the cases of foreign countries. As subject nations, the USA, the Great Britain, Germany, Japan and France were selected among nations which can be references in our system development. The results of the analysis were as follows: (1) teacher training system; (2) teachers' qualification system; (3) teachers' salary system; (4) welfare policies for teachers; and (5) in-service training system. What is important among the comparison results of teacher training system is the trend to extend training years from the level of undergraduate courses to that of graduate courses. In the case of Japan differential qualification certificates for teachers are awarded according to levels of schools and kinds of qualifications. Also in the cases of Germany and France qualification certificates for teachers are awarded to the applicants who passed the national examination for employing teachers. Germany and France adopt the apprenticeship for a certain period before employing teachers formally. As for the salary system, most of the developed countries adopt the incentive policy for employing new teachers who got degrees of Masters and Doctors. In addition to this, special advantages are given to excellent teachers with good ability and record. Finally, in the case of welfare system various kinds of benefits are given to teachers in the following areas: (1) the area related with the life of teachers as instructors; (2) the area related with teachers' life in both home and community; and (3) the area related with teachers' life after retirement.
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EU법의 규범적 효력과 유럽사법재판소(European Court of Justice)의 역할
임규진 忠北大學校 法科大學 法學硏究所 2012 法學硏究 Vol.23 No.2
EU (European Union: EU) past economic community, via the EEC(European Economic Community), the EC (European Community), November 1993, 12 European countries in accordance with the Maastricht Treaty established station and, while in Europe the political, encompassing economic integration as a start. This paper focuses on the influence that may affect member states to the European Union law and its authority reported catch, the authority of EU law and to examine the effect on the economic policies of the European Union, with respect to fiscal policy, member states of the country by examining real-world examples saw. EU legal system lies in the time convert to one's own legal system, in the framework of international law between sovereign. Therefore, the parliamentary representative of the performance rights is increased gradually, but still strong on the authority of the Council of Ministers situation, the problem of the bifurcation of the legal system under EU law and the jurisprudence of the European Court of Justice in ensuring the superiority still need to be done in a variety of fields status. Given that community still undergoing an evolutionary step in the current EU system equipped with a foothold on which to build the Union community as a step by step practical signal but it is acceptable.
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