치기공과학생의 임상실습만족도에 대한 조사 연구 -대구지역을 중심으로-

이화식,배봉진,박명호,Lee, Hwa-Sik,Bae, Bong-Jin,Park, Myoung-Ho 대한치과기공학회 2009 대한치과기공학회지 Vol.31 No.4

This study is analyzed to conduct better on-site practices with recognizing importance of the clinical practice of Dept. of dental technology and use it as a basic material in the clinical practice. Target people who are students studying dental technology in D college in Daegu were questioned by survey. Study results below 1. Average score of the survey about satisfaction of the operating method of clinical practice shows 3.26. In detail elements, 'credit assignment(10 credits)' is 3.65 as the highest score, 'execution period(vacation)' is 3.50, 'choice of the clinical practice organization' is 3.25, 'measures after practice' is 2.98 and 'pre-education' is 2.98 as the lowest score. 2. Through the real clinical practice, 'experience of new equipments and technology' is 3.64 as the highest score, 'choice of lecturer' is 3.61, 'guidance way' is 3.49, 'contents properness' is 3.44, 'environment of practice organization' is 3.36, 'evaluation way' is 3.35 and 'practical use of the evaluation material' is 3.18 as the lowest score. 3. The average score of survey about satisfaction after clinical practice of the participated students is 3.46 that is higher than both 'satisfaction about operating method(3.26)' about clinical practice of college and 'satisfaction about organization(3.44)' about environment of dental craft organizations and labs, guidance way of lecturer and evaluation. 4. In the improvement of distribution of the clinical practice evaluation, in the 'practice organization: college' viewpoint, '7:3' is 35.77% as the highest response, '6:4' is 25.20%, '8:2' is 22.76% and '4:6' is 16.26 in regular sequence. 5. In site evaluation reflection of clinical practice, 50% reflection is 32.93% as the highest percentage, 60% reflection is 26.83%, 20% reflection is 20.73% and 80% reflection is 6.10% in regular sequence. In attendance score, it shows percentage of reflecting 50% and 40% is 26.98%, students wanting to reflect 30% is 25.40%, reflecting 10% is 20.63% and no reflecting is 0%. In result of the analyzed data, clinical practice has to be studied more in considering that clinical practice is important point in education of Dept. of Dental Technology and also problems in college and on-site practice need improvements.

대학생의 진로장벽에 관한 연구 (D대학 치기공과 재학생을 중심으로)

이화식,배봉진,박명호,Lee, Hwa-Sik,Bae, Bong-Jin,Park, Myung-Ho 대한치과기공학회 2010 대한치과기공학회지 Vol.32 No.3

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to analyze the career barriers of students studying dental technology in D-College. Methods: This study targeted 490 college students studying Dental Technology in D-College. The survey about career barriers on this study consisted of 45 questions and was scored with 5-points per question. The corrected data was analyzed by SAS V8 for Windows. Results: The difference analysis of career barriers shows that differences exist depending on gender(p<.01) and serving military service(p<.05). Especially, female students(2.69) and male students(2.65) who didn't serve the military are more susceptible to career barriers. In the sub factors of career barriers, differences exist depending on and in order of gender, serving military service, experience studying one more year to enter the college, day and night, the affiliation of highschool graduated from, and hometown. The correlation between the sub factors of career barriers and perception of career barriers manifested 'Lack of self assurance'(0.84), 'Sense of physical inferiority'(0.76), 'Relationship with other important people'(0.73) and 'Lack of information on occupation' in order. Conclusion: In the factors affecting non-decision on the career, 'Lack of self assurance'(=0.2465) is the highest in terms of influence, followed by 'Difficulty in interpersonal relations’(=0.1801) and 'Lack of information on occupation' (=0.1391).

치과기공사의 직업 및 직무만족도에 관한 연구 - Denture part 근무자를 중심으로 -

이화식,배봉진,한석윤,Lee, Hwa-Sik,Bae, Bong-Jin,Han, Sok-Yoon 대한치과기공학회 2012 대한치과기공학회지 Vol.34 No.4

Purpose: This study was survey on future job vision and its pride (self-esteem) of dental technicians. It also investigates the future vision on their major of job (denture) and its awareness to improve the work environment and enhance their satisfaction towards job and duties. Methods: In order to research job and its duty satisfaction of dental technicians who mainly work at denture part, certified questionnaire was modified and upgraded for its use. Collected documents were used by 'Window SAS 8.0 Program' for analysis. The significance of the test related to the items and its standards has been decided for p<0.05. To find out the differences between choices when choosing career and the duty satisfaction, t-test, one-way ANOVA and two-way ANOVA have been used. Results: Following research findings show: 1. There was high self-esteem towards the job as dental technicians but low in future job vision. 2. It has been found that if satisfaction on their job (dental technician) is high then also their satisfaction on its duty (denture part) is high. 3. The factors that affects mostly on duty satisfaction of denture part are 'the contribution on improving oral cavity of people'(${\beta}$=0.33118), 'The possibility of growth of person's job choices'(${\beta}$=0.30035) and 'person's satisfaction on choosing job'(${\beta}$=0.16069). 4. If there is an increase level on the contribution of improving people's oral cavity, the possibility of growth of person's job choices and the person's satisfaction on choosing job, then there is also high growth in denture part's duty satisfaction. 5. It has been found that if there are more employment histories of denture part, the duty satisfaction of denture part were also high. On the other hand, the more employment history of dental technicians get, the duty satisfaction of their denture part was low. Conclusion: Following research results show that there is high self-esteem towards the job as dental technicians but the vision towards future was low. This shows that there is no bright future on dental technology. Therefore, it is important that not only to improve the work environment and pay rise on dental technologists but also to satisfy them. Various program developments and continuous research are needed to increase satisfaction.

도재용 귀금속 합금표면의 전자현미경 관찰

이화식,배봉진,남상용 대구보건대학 1991 대구보건대학 論文集 Vol.12 No.-

The purpose of this study was to discover the elemental change of the tracemetal surface of the precious porcelain alloy used in Korea. The alloy was degudent U. For this purpose, Auther did analysis the surface oxide by E. D. S and S. E. M. Ther was no difference in surface elemental change between the raw alloy and the casted alloy. And the Indium was difussed to the surface of the alloy.

구강보건관리와 치아우식증에 관한 의식조사

이화식 대구보건대학 1996 대구보건대학 論文集 Vol.16 No.-

치기공과 교육과정 개발에 관한 연구

이화식,Lee, Hwa-Sik 대한치과기공학회 1994 대한치과기공학회지 Vol.16 No.1

The object of this study is, after the dental technology department is developed into the three-year curriculum and so new curriculum is needed, to compare, analyze, and appreciate the two-year model curriculum that has been practiced in our country, to analyze the curriculum and national quality system practiced in the developed country like U. S. canada, Germany and Japan, and, on the basis of the result from the upper part and inquiry result in the dental technology faculty commity of the nationwide junior college, to establish the new curriculum that is suitable the condition of our dental technology department in the junior college. 1) Since the width of the education is broader after the dental technology department is developed into three-year curriculum from the two-year curriculum, the course of study connected with the dental technology is added. 2) The fundamental course is propounded and the practical course which is needed on the spot is assigned. 3) Since the importance of the practical education is understood time and unit of the experimental practice is extended. 4) The time control in the curriculum commected with the national examination is adjected. 5) On the basis of the actual experience, the actual course is propound and time and unit are added widely to uplift the adjustment of the current environment of the dental technology.

미술과 임용시험 문항 분석: 2014년 출제 문항을 중심으로

이화식 ( Hwa Sik Lee ) 한국예술교육학회 2015 예술교육연구 Vol.13 No.2

본 연구에서는 2014학년도 중등교사신규 미술과 문항을 분석하였다. 중등교사신규 미술과 선발 시험은 단지 미술교사 선발에 끝나는 것이 아니라 중등학교 미술교육에 매우 큰 영향을 미친다. 왜냐하면 이 시험은 교사 양성 대학에서 미술교육 교육과정의 지침이 될 수 있고, 이러한 시험에 의해 선발된 미술교사가 교육현장에서 미술교육을 실제 담당하기 때문이다. 그러므로 미술교사 선발 시험 문항을 분석하고 그에 따른 문제점과 시사점을 찾는 것은 매우 의미 있는 일이다. 이러한 목적을 위해 2014년도 미술과 문항을 중심으로 양적 연구과 질적 연구를 통합적으로 적용하여 연구를 진행했다. 문항을 분석하는 여러 가지 기준 중에서 내용타당도과 공인타당도를 사용하였다. 이러한 기준으로 연구한 결과 중등교사 미술과 문항은 몇 가지 시정해야 할 문제점이 있다. 첫째, 문항 비중이 출제 기준하고 배치되는 점이다. 크게 본다면 미술교육학과 미술내용학의 관계이고, 작게 본다면 미술교육학 안에서 이론과 실천, 미술내용학 안에서는 표현과 감상의 관계가 기준과 상이하다. 이는 미술교육이 교육과 예술의 측면에서 정체성을 확립하지 못한 결과라고 할 수 있다. 둘째, 몇몇 문항은 출제 근거가 미흡하며 타당성이 부족하고 중등학교 미술교육 현장과 괴리되는 내용이 출제되었다. 이는 중등학교에서 미술교육의 성격을 보통 교육이 아닌 전문 교육으로 취급하는 경향이라고 할 수 있다. 셋째, 평가의 문항의 수준이 고르지 못하여 중간 수준의 문항이 적고, 하위 수준이나 상위 수준의 문항이 많으며 단순 암기 지식에 관련된 문항이 많다. 이는 중등학교 미술교사 선발시험의 변별도가 하락하는 중요한 요소로 작용하며 논술 평가의 취지를 무색하게 한다. The goal of this research is to investigate the actual conditions of the appointment examination questions which evaluate the quality of art teacher who educate the national art education curriculum in secondary school and to suggest how this evaluation process might be improved. Therefore I analyzed the evaluation questions in the 2014 appointment examination to know whether those questions could evaluate the quality of art teacher. As a result, I determined that the evaluation questions in the 2014 appointment examination could not in fact evaluate the quality of a teacher. On the basis of this, it is presented a following improvement task. In order to conduct this study, a literature review was carried out based on the general standards on the qualification and capability of new teachers, and the qualification standards for teachers in the field of art and the key elements of the evaluation, curriculum, art textbooks and the questions for the secondary school teacher examination in 2014 were also examined. during the literature review, the range of questions and their relevance to the examination were analyzed through the quantitative research method, and the level and validity of questions were analyzed through the qualitative research method. First, the standards regarding possible questions in a specialized subject are vague. Even though the Korea Institute of Curriculum and Evaluation(KICE) standardizes for the range of the examination, the exam has different levels for different fields of specialization. This test is for assessing not only the proficiency of candidates in art but also their knowledge in a specialized subject. Second, some questions are incomplete and are not relevant or lack justification. Also, there are gaps in the national art education curriculum in secondary schools. It can be a tendency to treat it as more professional education than culture education. Third, with regard to the level of questions and their subdivision into 3 levels including high, middle and low levels, there are more questions in the middle level than in the high level or low level.

데이터 모델링을 위한 엔터티의 표현방법과 활용방안

이화식 ( Hwa-sik Lee ),김현산 ( Hyun-san Kim ),양해술 ( Hae-sool Yang ) 한국정보처리학회 2005 한국정보처리학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.12 No.2

엔터티는 데이터 모델링에서 가장 중요한 요소라고 할 수 있다. 엔터티를 우리말로는 '실체(實體)'라고 번역하고 있다. 말 그대로 '실질적으로 육체를 가지고 있는 것'을 의미한다. 만약 이 실체가 모호하다면 그 다음 과정이 아무리 완벽하다고 하더라도 모델링은 전체가 모호한 모습일 수밖에 없다. 이 논문에서는 엔터티를 보다 쉽게 도출하고 전략적인 판단을 해 가는 구체적인 단계와 객관적인 판단의 근거를 매우 상세하게 설명할 것이다. 엔터티는 매우 명확하게 표현해야 한다. 이처럼 데이터 모델링에서는 실체 집합인 '엔터티'를 정확하게 도출할 수 있는 것이 무엇보다도 중요하다. 잘못된 실체를 가지고 아무리 집을 지어본들 그것은 단지 사상누각에 불과 하다. 본 연구에서는 데이터베이스 엔터티 각 각의 표현 방법에 대해서 연구함으로써, 데이터 모델을 보다 정밀하게 표현할 수 있고, 남들이 모델을 좀 더 정확하게 이해하는데 기여할 수 있다.

정의의 관점에서 미술 교육: 노직, 롤스, 샌델을 중심으로

이화식 ( Lee Hwa-sik ) 한국예술교육학회 2016 예술교육연구 Vol.14 No.3

본 연구는 노직, 롤스, 샌델의 대표적인 정의관을 소개하고, 그에 따른 미술을 연결하여 동시대의 사회적ㆍ정치적 관점을 제공하고자 한다. 노직의 정의관은 자유주의적 입장이 강하다고 할 수 있고, 롤스의 정의관은 평등주의적 입장이 강하다고 할 수 있으며, 샌델의 정의관은 미덕적 정의관이 강하다고 할 수 있다. 이처럼 이들 세 사람의 정의관은 같으면서도 서로 많은 차이점이 있다. 그래서 이번 연구는 노직, 롤스, 샌델의 정의관을 제시하고 그들의 관점에 따라 미술과 디자인에 적용하여 보다 심화된 미술 교육을 시도하였다. 그래서 노직의 정의관은 팝아트와 기능주의 디자인과 연계가 가능하다. 또한, 롤스의 정의관은 프랑스의 사실주의, 미국의 사회적 사실주의, 한국의 민중미술, 유니버설 디자인에 연계가 가능하며, 샌델의 정의관은 현대의 신사실주의와 적정 디자인과 연계가 가능하다. The purpose of this study is to introduce Nozick, Rawls and Sandel`s representative view of justice and connect the visual culture to provide social and political perspectives of the same age. It can be considered that Nozick`s view of justice is strongly liberalistic, Rawls`s view is strongly egalitarian and Sandel`s view is strongly virtuous. Likewise, the view of justice between these three people is same but there are also many differences in their view of justice. Therefore, Nozick, Rawls and Sandel`s view of justice was presented and the visual culture (fine arts, design) was applied each to three types of forms according to their viewpoints to attempt the integration between the justice and visual culture. Therefore, Nozick`s view of justice was linked with pop art and functionalism design, Rawls`s view was linked with socialistic realism and universal design, and Sandel`s view was linked with Neorealism and appropriate design.

소년원학교에서 주체적 마음 형성을 위한 인문학적 연극 활동

이화식(Lee, Hwasik),유지선(You, Ji-Sun) 학습자중심교과교육학회 2020 학습자중심교과교육연구 Vol.20 No.10

법무부 산하 특성화학교(소년원)에 재원 중인 비행청소년의 공통적 특성은 주체적 마음이 부재하거나 부족한 특징이 있다. 그래서 본 연구는 비행청소년의 주체적 마음 형성을 도모하기 위해 연극 활동을 적용한 연구이다. 연구 대상은 여자소년원에 보호되어 있는 중학교 과정 20명과 고등학교 과정 12명이다. 적용 회기는 총 3회기로 1회기에 3시간으로 구성하였다. 그래서 고등반에 9시간, 중등반에 9시간 연구 프로그램을 다음과 같이 적용하여 효과를 얻었다. 첫째, 1회기 프로그램은 연극 치료 기법 중에 하나인 역할 바꾸기, 독백 기법을 영화 <모나리자>에 적용하였다. 이 기법을 통해 여자 비행청소년들은 성적 정체성을 확립하는 기회를 가졌다. 둘째, 2회기 프로그램은 연극 치료 기법 중에 하나인 역할 바꾸기, 독백 기법을 영화 <어느 가족>에 적용하였다. 이 기법을 통해 비행청소년들은 가족의 서로 다른 역할을 이해하고 의사소통을 하며, 정서적 참여, 가족 내의 문제해결력 등이 성장하도록 하였다. 셋째, 3회기 프로그램은 연극 치료 기법 중에 하나인 역할 바꾸기, 독백 기법을 영화 <와일드>에 적용하였다. 이 기법을 통해 비행청소년들은 자신의 유기체적 특징, 가치, 성격 등을 이해할 있는 역량이 향상되었다. 이상의 결과를 토대로 연극 활동이 비행청소년의 주체적 마음 형성이 긍정적인 효과가 있었다는 유의미한 결론을 얻었다. Common characteristics of juvenile delinquents in juveniles are the absence or lack of subjective mind. Therefore, this study applied the theatrical activities to promote the subjective mind formation of juvenile delinquents. The subjects were 20 middle school students and 12 high school students, who are protected by girls and boys. The application session consisted of 3 sessions of 3 hours each. So, 9 hours in high class and 9 hours in middle class were applied as follows. First, the one-time program applied the role changing and monologue techniques, one of the theatrical treatment techniques, to the film <Mona Lisa>. Through this technique, female adolescents had the opportunity to establish sexual identity. Second, the second session program applied one of the theatrical therapy techniques, the role changing and the monologue, to the film <A Family>. Through this technique, juvenile delinquents understand the different roles of the family and allow them to grow in communication, emotional participation and problem solving in the family. Third, the third session program applied the role changing and monologue techniques, one of theatrical treatment techniques, to the film <Wild>. This technique empowers juvenile delinquents to understand their organic characteristics, values, and personalities. Based on the above results, it was concluded that theatrical activities had a positive effect on the subjective mind shaping of juvenile delinquents.