역사와 철학 : 정이천교육론(程伊川敎育論)에 관한 고찰(考察)

이천일 ( Chon Il Lee ) 한서대학교 동양고전연구소 2011 동방학 Vol.21 No.-

본 연구는 북송대 신유학자인 이천의 교육론에 대해 그의 대표적 이론인 理체계를 바탕으로 이루어진 교육목적론과 교육방법론을 살펴보는 것을 목적으로 한다. 이천은 당시 신유학의 과제였던 존재원리이면서 신유학적 사유체계의 준거이자 근간인 理를 체계화하였고, 이와 더불어 당시 신유학이 도가와 불가에 비해 상대적으로 열세였던 인간이 가진 마음의 문제를 주체적이고 자각적인 태도로 접근하여 마음을 논리적으로 체계화함으로써, 유학에서 존재원리로서의 理와 함께 인간의 마음을 신유학에서의 또 하나의 핵심적 주제로 부각시키는 역할을 하였다. 이천의 교육론은 理를 중심으로 크게 교육목적론과 교육방법론으로 나누어 전개되었다. 이천 교육론의 목적은 선진유학의 전통과 동일하게 ``성인됨``에 두었다. 성인은 당시의 인간들이 가장 높은 곳에서 인간들을 향해 다채로운 모습으로 인간 생활을 살피는 존재이면서, 천리를 간직한 완전한 인간상이다. 동시에 凡人들과는 현격하게 다른 지극히 선한 인격을 가진 인격의 化身으로서 상정되었다고 할 수 있다. 그런데 이천이 제시하고 있는 교육 목적으로서의 성인이 갖는 중요한 점은 그것이 정해진 맑은기를 부여받아 태어나는 성인이 아니라 누구나 배움을 통해서 품부받은 탁한 기질을 선하게 전환시켜 성인에 이를 수 있다는 것을 밝혔다는 점이다. 즉 ``열린 성인으로의 전환``을 가져왔다는 것이다. 이천은 사람이 배움을 통해서 성인이 될 수 있으며, 성인이 되는 배움의 방법을 크게 두 가지로 나누어 설명하였다. 마음을 바로잡는(正其心) 함양방법으로서의 居敬과 본성을 기르는(養其性) 진학공부로서의 격물궁리 혹은 格物致知가 그것으로, 이를 통해 자신에게 품부 받은 기질을 선하게 변화시켜 결국 만사만물을 활연히 관통하여 天理를 깨달아 성인의 경지에 이를 수 있다고 보는 것이 이천이 체계화한 교육론이라 할 수 있다. This study examines the theory of education and teaching methodology based on li-system which was studied by Neo-confucianist 伊川(Yi-Chuan)in Northern-Song university. 伊川(Yi-Chuan) systematized li-system which was a principle of existence and a backbone of Neo-Confucian thinking system. He also systematized mind logically by approaching the human mind problem subjectively which Neo-confucianism was relatively inferior to the Taoism and Buddhism at that time. He played an important role to bring not only principle of existence but also human mind into relief in Neo-confucianism. 伊川(Yi-Chuan)`s Education was mainly divided into two categories based on li-system that were education aims and Training methodology. The purpose of his education theory was "being a saint" like the tradition of Advanced Confucianism. Saint is a human being who is checking the life of people in colorful ways in the highest place, and he is also a complete human having the law of nature. At time same time, a saint is an extremely good natured human being that could be presented as a typical model which is different from ordinary people. The importance of a saint as his purpose of education is that he proved a person who has a certain given set of pure energy is not a saint, but anyone could be a saint by converting murky temperament into pure one through learning. In other word, he brought ``the conversion of Opened Saint``. He thought that people could be a saint through learning, and he divided learning method into two things. They were 居敬(JuJing) which was the way to cultivate the mind to catch and 格物窮理(gewuqiongli) which was a pathways to study that fosters nature. He thought that through those, people could change their innate temperament into good one, and it could lead themselves to the state of a saint by penetrating all work and things of the world extensively. This was the theory of education he systemized.

표재성 자궁내막 및 난관이전을 동반한 자궁경부 편평상피암의 1예

이천후(CH Lee),주갑순(KS Ju),이재현(JH Lee) 대한산부인과학회 1980 Obstetrics & Gynecology Science Vol.23 No.3

본원 산부인과에서 회구한 것으로 알려져 있고 우리나라에서는 처음으로 보고되는 것으로 사료되는 표재성 자궁내막 및 난관전 이를 동반한 자궁경부편평상피세표암의 1예를 치험하였기에 보고하는 바이다. Endometrial and tubal involvement of up-ward superficial spread from a cervical carcinma is rare. A case of squamous cell carcinoma of the cervix with wide spread squamous cell carcinoma in situ of endomtrium and left fallopin tube found postoperatively is presented with a brief review literatures concerned.

에멀션 계열의 New FINEX 특성 고찰

이천식 ( Chun Sik Lee ),정민수 ( Min Su Jung ),송영석 ( Young Suck Song ),양난주 ( Nan Joo Yang ) 대한화약발파공학회 2002 화약발파 Vol.20 No.1

성남 하대원 주공 아파트 및 화정 지하구조물 발파해체 사례분석

이천식 ( Chun Sik Lee ),이윤재 ( Yun Jae Lee ),김형섭 ( Hyung Seob Kim ) 대한화약발파공학회 2001 화약발파 Vol.19 No.3

석회석광산에서의 경제적인 벤치발파패턴에 대한 연구

이천식 ( Chun Sik Lee ),정민수 ( Min Su Jung ),이윤재 ( Yun Jae Lee ),송영석 ( Young Suck Song ),양난주 ( Nan Joo Yang ),강대우 ( Dae Woo Kang ) 대한화약발파공학회 2003 화약발파 Vol.21 No.1

터널발파에 있어서의 폭약위력 개선 및 경제성

이천식 ( Chun Sik Lee ),김형섭 ( Hyung Seob Kim ) 대한화약발파공학회 2000 화약발파 Vol.18 No.2

청소년대상 성폭력범죄 처벌규정의 현황과 개선방안

이천현 ( Lee Cheon-hyun ) 한국소년정책학회 2009 少年保護硏究 Vol.12 No.-

The current laws that state the punishment policy on the sexual crimes against juveniles include the following: Criminal Act, Act on the Punishment of Sexual Crimes and Protection of Victims Thereof, Act on the Prevention of Juveniles from Sexual Abuse, Child Welfare Act, and Act on the Aggravated Punishment, etc. of Specific Crimes. However, according to the current system, the punishment policy on the sexual crime against juveniles, basically, is not separated from that against adults. In other words, the penal code of criminal act and criminal special act apply for all of the ages of recipients and do not distinguish adult and juvenile. Special penal code for under 20 year old and 13 year old, exceptionally, are only existed. Act on the Prevention of Juveniles from Sexual Abuse provides a part of aggravated punishment penal code for the "Under 19 year old juveniles" and Child Welfare Act, and Act on the Aggravated Punishment, etc. of Specific Crimes provides related penal codes as well. Since those punishment policies on the sexual crimes including the crime against juveniles exist in many laws in various forms, a number of issues have been brought -- for example, an imbalance of statutory penalty, a difficulty of legal applications, unfair punishments, a difficulty of solving a legal conflict between penal code and criminal special act, a decrease of the effect of an incongruity on the punishment policy, a concern of excessive punishments, and etc. Thus, this paper synthetically investigates the contents of the sexual crimes that have lied in many laws in various forms, especially the policy of the sexual crime against juveniles under 20 years old, and provides the solutions of them.

세계금융위기와 형사정책

이천현(Lee, CheonHyun) 한양법학회 2011 漢陽法學 Vol.33 No.-

Korean Economy has showed the lowest rate of economic growth(2.3% in 2008, 0.2% in 2009) and unemployment rate (3.2% in 2008) since IMF external currency crisis. Also polarization of income has been more deepened. These economic condition has influenced a crime rate; the total number of the crimes has significantly increased. A crime rate in 2008 was 11.4% and it was the highest number for about twenty years. It seems that the global financial crisis had a big impact on economic crime, property crime, and violent crime. It was hard to find correlation between a crime of violence without assault and global financial crisis. Government made some criminal justice measures in these global financial crisis condition, and implemented them. However, the measures are almost identical with the action made in IMF external currency crisis. Furthermore, these measures show lots of limitations: absence of systemic and detailed analysis for changed crime, absence of proper measures of criminal justice institutions, absence of measures for victims, etc. People live in insecure world where they may face with difficult economic crisis such as IMF external currency crisis in 1998 or global financial crisis in 2008. Also, there are no fundamental and systemic measures of criminal justice. Therefore, it is needed to analyze repetitive economic crisis and the change of crimes from the crisis accurately and systematically. Moreover, based on the analysis, the foundation for criminal justice measures should be made.

리기테다소나무의 조림적지에 (造林適地) 관한 연구

이천용,이원규,박승걸,김갑성,오민영 ( Chun Yong Lee,Won Kyu Lee,Seung Kul Park,Kap Sung Kim,Min Young Oh ) 한국산림과학회 1987 한국산림과학회지 Vol.76 No.3

This study was carried out to examine the proper site fur Pinus rigida × P. taeda. The 91 sample plots (20×10m) were selected from the plantations located in middle part of Korea. Soil, environmental and climatic factors were investigated and regressed on the growth of Pinus rigida × taeda. ① The factory which influenced strongly on tire growth were temperature, elevation, soil moisture, physiographic position, slope, soil depth, wind protection, soil compactness and soil organic matter contents in order. ② The most effective factors among them mere temperature, elevation, soil moisture and physiographic position. ③General conditions of proper site for planting the hybrid pine were above-8℃ in mean minimum temperature in January, below 200m in elevation, moderate soil moisture, and valley or flat area in physiogtaphic position.

산림토양내 질소의 양료화와 (養料化) 질산화에 관한 연구 : ion 교환수지의 처리 방법에 따른 질소의 흡수율 변화

이천용(Chun Yong Lee),David D . Myrold(David D . Myrold) 한국산림과학회 1990 한국산림과학회지 Vol.79 No.3

Soil N mineralization and nitrification can be measured conveniently using mixed bed (canon and anion) exchange resin bags. However, appropriate use of these resin bags requires pretreatment to avoid colorimetric interference and standardize N ion adsorption. Three pretreatments were evaluated : control (untreated), 2 M NaCl with a distilled water rinse, and 4 M NaCl. The 4 M NaCl treatment was effective at removing background levels of NH₄^+ and NO₃^-, but adsorbed low amounts (about 40%) of inorganic N from standard solutions. Untreated resin bags adsorbed a constant, higher amount of NO₃^- (60%), but did not remove background levels of NH₄^+. The 2 M NaCl treatment followed by a distilled water rinse performed best : it removed background NH₄^+ and adsorbed a constant amount of both NH₄^+ (70%) and NO₃^- (60%). Because the ion exchange resin is fairly expensive, we also tested if the resin bags could be reused. Resin bags were either loaded with NH₄^+ and ~i0- in the laboratory or incubated in soil in the field, desorbed with the 2 M NaCl treatment, and then loaded with standard NH₄^+ and NO₃^- solutions. Lab loaded resin bags adsorbed about 60% of inorganic N then loaded with 2.5 or 5.0 ㎎ N 1^(-1) and 70% when loaded at 10 or 20㎎ N 1^(-1), whereas reused field incubated bags showed the opposite adsorption efficiency. These results demonstrate that resin bags can give reproducible results, but care must be taken to evaluate the effect of pretreatment and potential for reuse.