Vermicomposting 에 의한 산업폐기물의 처리 -Ⅰ. 제지 sludge 와 우분의 혼합비율이 붉은 지렁이 ( Lumbricus rubellus ) 의 생육과 분립의 화학적 조성에 미치는 영향 -

이주삼,정재춘,조익환 ( Ju Sam Lee,Jae Chun Chung,Ik Hwan Jo ) 한국폐기물자원순환학회(구 한국폐기물학회) 1992 한국폐기물자원순환학회지 Vol.9 No.1

예취빈도가 다른 조건에서 무기태 질소와 액상구비의 시용이 Reed canarygrass의 건물수량과 질소이용효율에 미치는 영향

이주삼,조익환,Lee, J.S.,Jo, I.H. 유기성자원학회 1994 유기물자원화 Vol.2 No.2

In order to investigate the effects of application rates of mineral N and cattle slurry on the dry matter yield of Reed canarygrass grown in different cutting frequency, was was cernpared for the efficiency of N utilization. Annual rates of mineral N and cattle slurry N of 0 (control), 90kg, 180kg, 270kg and 360kg/ha in 3 cuttings, 0, 120kg, 240kg, 360kg and 480kg/ha in 4 cuttings, and 0, 150kg, 300kg, 450kg and 600kg/ha were applied as urea and cattle slurry in 5 cuttings, respectively. The results were summarized as follows: 1. The annual dry matter yields were increased with application rates of mineral N and cattle slurry. The annual dry matter yields of mineral N obtained were 14.4 ton/ha(ranged from 10.46 ton to 16.91 ton/ha) in 3 cuttings, 13.88 ton/ha(ranged from 9.91 ton to 16.53 ton/ha) in 4 cuttings and 15.98 ton/ha(ranged from 12.0 ton to 18.25 ton/ha) in 5 cuttings. The annual dry matter yields of cattle slurry obtained were 12.14ton/ha(ranged from 8.92 ton to 11.79ton/ha) in 3 cuttings, 10.81ton/ha(ranged from 8.92 to 11.79 ton/ha) in 4 cuttings and 12.98ton/ha(ranged from 10.68 ton to 14.85ton/ha) in 5 cuttings. 2. Relative dry matter yield of cattle slurry as compared to mineral N were 84.3%, 77.9% and 81.2% in 3, 4 and 5 cuttings. 3. Average increase in dry matter production(kgDM/kgN) tended to decrease with application rates of mineral N and cattle slurry, and higher cutting frequencies. Average increase in dry matter production obtained were higher values at rates of 30kg/ha/cut in both of mineral N and cattle slurry. Average increase in dry matter production to mineral N were 23.9kg, 18.8kg and 15.2kgin 3, 4 and 5 cuttings, respectively. 4. Average increase in total nitrogen yield(kgTN/kgN) to mineral N obtained were 0.46kg at rates of 60kg/ha/cut in 3 cuttings, and 0.45kg and 0.40kg at rates of 30kg/ha/cut in 4 and 5 cuttings. 5. Average increase in dry matter production(kgDM/kgN) to cattle slurry obtained were 13.7kg and 19.5kg at rates of 30kg/ha/cut in 3 and 4 cuttings, and 9.7kg at rates of 60kg/ha/cut in 5 cuttings. 6. Average increase in total nitrogen yield(kgTN/kgN) to cattle slurry was not concern to the rates of application. Average increase in total nitrogen yield to cattle slurry obtained were 0.11kg, 0.20kg and 0.21kg in 3, 4 and 5 cuttings. 7. Relative average increase in dry matter production of cattle slurry as compared to mineral N were 33.1%, 52.1% and 50.0% in 3, 4 and 5 cuttings. Relative average increase in total nitrogen yield of cattle slurry as compared to mineral N were 28.9%, 51.3% and 55.3% in 3, 4 and 5 cuttings. 예취빈도가 다른 조건에서 무기태 질소와 액상구비의 시용수준이 Reed canargrass 의 건물수량에 미치는 영향을 액상구비의 질소이용효율을 중심으로 검토하였다. 무기태 질소의 시용에 대한 액상구비의 상대건물수량은 연간 3회 예취구에서 84.3%, 4회 예취구에서 77.9%, 그리고 5회 예취구에서 81.2%를 나타내어 액상구비의 시용효과가 높았다. 무기태 질소의 건물생산효율(kgDM/kgN)은 모든 예취구에서 30kg/ha/cut 수준에서 가장 높았으며, 예취빈도에서는 3회 예취구가 질소 1kg당 23.9kg의 건물수량을 나타내어 다른 예취구보다 높았다. 그러나 전질소량(kgTN/kgN) 의 증가에서는 예취빈도에 따른 차이가 인정되지 않았다. 액상구비의 건물생산효율(kgDM/kgN) 은 3회와 4회 예취구에서는 30kg/ha/cut 수준, 5회 예취구에서는 60kg/ha/cut 수준에서 가장 높았으며, 전질소량(kgTN/kgN) 에서는 3회 예취구에서 0.11kg이었으나, 4회와 5회 예취구에서는 20kg 이상이었다. 무기태 질소에 대한 액상구비의 상대건물생산효율은 3회 예취구에서 33.1%, 4회 예취구에서 52.1%, 5회 예취구에서 50.0%였으며, 상대전질소량은 3회 예취구에서 28.9%, 4회 예취구에서 51.3%, 그리고 5회 예취구에서 55.3%를 나타내었다.

Tall Fescue 품종의 환경적응성 IV. 상대경수 출현율당 개체중에 의한 월동성의 평가

이주삼,한성윤,조익환,Lee, Ju-Sam,Han, Sung-Yoon,Jo, Ik-Hwan 한국초지조사료학회 1993 한국초지조사료학회지 Vol.13 No.3

This experiments was carried out to evaluate the potential winter hardiness of tall fescue varieties based on the data of dry weight of plant per relative tiller appearance rates(DW/RTAR) in mountainous pastures of Taekwalyon area. The results obtained were as follows; I . The varieties were classified into 2 groups by dry weight of plant per relative tiller appearance rates (DWIRTAR). Thus, Forager and Fuego belong to the group with more than 2.0 in DW/RTAR but Barcel. Barvetia. Demeter, Enforcer, Johnstone. Safe and Stef belong to the group with less than 2.0 in DW/RTAR respectively. 2. The dry weight of plant per relative tiller appearance rates(DM/RTAR) and dry weight of plant(DW) of 1st cutting were significantly positive corrclated with number of heading tillers and dry weight of heading tillers. 3. The dry weight of plant per relative tiller appearance rates(DW/RTAR) was significantly positive correlated with dry weight of plant(DW) of final cutting and of 1st cutting. 4. The varieties with high DW/RTAR showed a high dry weight of plant(DW) of 1st cutting. Accordingly, it was concluded that DW/RTAR is a valuable character for evaluating potential winter hardiness of tall fescue on mountainous pastures of Taekwalyon area.

음식쓰레기 퇴비와 무기태 질소의 시용수준이 Orchardgrass의 건물수량에 미치는 영향

이주삼(Jusarn Lee),조익환(Ikhwan Jo),장기운(Kiwoon Chang) 유기성자원학회 1998 유기물자원화 Vol.6 No.2

In order to estirnate the an adequate application level for dry rnatter production of orchardgrass(Dactylis glornerata L.) were investigated in different application levels of food waste cornpost and rnineral nitrogen in 3 cuttings per annurn, and to evaluated the soil irnproving effect of food waste cornpost. Annual food waste cornpost and rnineral nitrogen were applied at levels of O. 10, 20, 40 and 60 ton ha-I, andO, 90, 180 and 270kg ha-1 respectively. Significantly higher dry rnatter yield of orchardgrass obtained were ranges of 8.92-9.70 ton ha-1 at levels of 180-270 kg ha-I yr-I than that of other levels of rnineral nitrogen. Relative yield of each cut to annual dry rnatter yield were 32.0%, 49.2% and 18.8% for 1st cut, 2nd cut and 3rd cut in rnineral nitrogen treatrnent. Significantly higher dry rnatter yield of orchardgrass obtained were ranges of 8.04-8.90 ton ha-I at levels of 20-60 ton ha-I yr-I than that of other levels of food waste cornpost. The efficiency of dry rnatter production to application of rnineral nitrogen(kg DM kg-I N) were 21. 2, 19.0 and 15.6 kg at levels of 90, 180 and 270 kg ha-1 yr-1 respectively. Higher efficiency of dry rnatter production obtained were 27.6-20.2 kg at levels of 90-180 kg ha-1 of mineral nitrogen applied to 20 ton ha-I of food waste compost. it may due to accelerated mineralization by mineral nitrogen application. Highest efficiency of dry matter production to application of food waste compost (kg DM ton-I FWC) obtained was 71. 0 때 at level of 40 ton ha -1 yr-I. Maxímum dry matter yield of orchardgrass obtained were 9.98 ton ha-I at limiting level of mineral nitrogen of 358.5 kg ha-I and 9.12 ton ha-I at limiting level of food waste compost of 49.3 ton ha-I per annum. respectively. Ranges of 20-49.3 ton ha-I of food waste compost and 180-358.5 kg ha-I of mineral nitrogen were estimated an adequate levels for increase in dry matter production. and to maintenance for orchardgrass pastures. AppIication of food waste compost was affected to improve the soil characteristics. 음식물쓰레기 퇴비와 무기태 질소의 시용이 연간 3회 예취하는 orchardgrass 초지의 건물수량에 미치는 영향을 조사하여 퇴비와 무기태 질소의 적정 시용수준을 추정하고, 퇴비시용에 의한 토양개량효과를 평가하였다. 음식물쓰레기 퇴비는 연간 O. 10. 20. 40. 60 ton h감의 5수준, 그리고 무기태 질소는 O. 90. 180. 270 kg ha-1의 4수준으로 시용하였다. Orchardgrass의 연간 건물수량은 무기 태질소 180-270 kg ha-1 수준에서 8.92-9.70 ton ha-1을 나타내어 다른 시용수준보다 건물수량이 많았다. 무기태 질소시용구에서 예취번초의 상대수량은 1번초가 32.0%.2번초가 49.2%.3번초가 18.8% 였다. Orchardgrass의 연간 건물수량은 퇴비 20-60 ton ha-1 수준에서 8.04-8.90 ton ha-1을 나타내어 유의하게많았다. 무기태 질소의 건물생산효율은 90 kg ha-1 수준에서 21.2 kg. 180 kg ha-1 수준에서 19.0 kg. 2매 kg ha-1 수준에서 15.6 kg을 나타내었다. 퇴비의 건물생산효율은 2O ton ha 1 yr-1 수준에서 가장 높은 7lkg을 나타내었다. 되비 40 ton ha-1 수준에 무기태 질소 90-180 kg ha-1을 시용하였을 때의 건불생산효율은 20.2-27.6 kg의 높은 건물생산효율의 범위를 나타내어 무기태 질소가 음식쓰레기 퇴비의 무기화를 촉진하였다고 생각된다. 무기태 질소의 한계시용수준은 358.5 kg ha-1 이었고, 최대건물수량은 9.98 ton ha-1 이었다. 또한 퇴비의 한계시용수준은 49.3 ton ha-1이었고, 최대건물수량은 9.12 ton ha-1으로 추정되었다. Orchardgrass의 건물수량을 얻기위한 퇴비의 적정 시용수준은 연간 20-49.3 ton ha-1의 범위였고, 무기태 질소의 적정 시용수준은180-358.5 kg ha-I의 범위로 추정되었다. 퇴비시용에 의하여 토양개량효과가 인정되었다.

Chitosan 혼합토양에 대한 목초의 생육반응

이주삼 ( Ju Sam Lee ),조익환 ( Ik Hwan Jo ),전하준 ( Ha Joon Jun ) 한국유기농업학회 1997 韓國有機農業學會誌 Vol.5 No.2

In order to investigate the growth response of grasses to chitosan solution amended soil were studied from the standpoint of estimating the growth stimulating adequate concentrations of chitosan solution amended soil in each grass. Three species in this experiment used were orchardgrass, tall fescue and reed canarygrass. Six different concentrations of chitosan solution amended soil were 0%(control), 01%, 0.05%, 0.1%, 0.5% and 1.0%, respectively. The resulte obtained were as follows ; 1. Leaf area(LA), dry weight of leaf(LW), dry weight of shoot(SHW), biological yield(BY), C/F ratio and T/R ratio were significantly different between species. 2. Growth stimulating effect by chitosan solution amended soil were found in plant length(PL) and T/R ratios of grasses. 3. Adequate concentrations of chitosan solution amended soil were different between species. The highest values of yield components and dry weight of plant parts were obtained at 0.01% in orchardgrass, 0,05% in reed canarygrass and 1.0% in tall fescue, respectively. 4. The growth response of grasses to chitosan solution amended soil were different between species. Thus, an increase in leaf area(LA) and dry weight of leaf(LW) by chitosan solution amended soil was mainly contributed to increase in dry weight of shoot(SHW) and biological yield(BY) in orchardgrass. Chitosan solution amended soil also stimulated growth of shoot and increased in biological yield(BY) in tall fescue. In reed canarygrass contributed to increase in C/F ratios. 5. Adequate concentrations of chitosan solution amended soil for an economical benefit of cultivation and dry matter production of grasses were ranged from 01% to 0.05% levels.

Chitosan 용액에 의한 목초 종자의 피복효과

이주삼 ( Lee Ju-sam ),조익환 ( Jo Ik-hwan ),안종호 ( Ahn Jong-ho ) 한국유기농업학회 1997 韓國有機農業學會誌 Vol.6 No.1

This experiment was carried out to investigate the growth response of 3 grasses to seed coating with chitosan solution and the attempt was made to estimate adequate seed coating concentrations of chitosan solution in each grass for the growth to be stimulated. Three species used in this experiment were orchardgrass, tall fescue and reed canarygrass. Six different seed coating concentrations of chitosan solution were applied as 0%(control), 0.01%, 0.05%, 0.1%, 0.5% and 1.0%, respectively. The results were obtained as follows; 1. Dry weight of tiller(WT), leaf area(LA), dry weight of leaf(LW), dry weight of stem(SW), dry weight of shoot(SHW), biological yield(BY) and C/F ratio were significantly different between species. 2. Number of tillers per plant(NT), dry weight of tiller(WT), dry weight of leaf(LW), dry weight of stem(SW), dry weight of root(RW), dry weight of shoot(SHW), biological yield(BY) and T/R ration were significantly different between seed coating concentrations of chitosan solution. 3. The adequate seed coating concentrations of chitosan solution for the growth stimulating effect were different between species. The highest values of yield components and dry weight of plant parts were obtained at 1% in orchardgrass and tall fescue, and 0.05% in reed canarygrass, respectively. 4. Growth stimulating effect of seed coating in each species were different. The highest values were obtained in leaf area(LA), dry weight of leaf(LW), dry weight of root(RW), dry weight of shoot(SHW) and dry weight of biological yield(BY) in orchardgrass. The values of dry weight of stem(SW) and C/F ratio were highest in reed canarygrass. 5. An increase in number of tillers per plant(NT), dry weight of leaf(LW), dry weight of stem(SW) and dry weight of root(RW) according to seed coating was attributed to the increase in dry weight of shoot(SHW). Among the aboved increasing factors, the dry weight of leaf(LW) was a main factor for the increase in dry weight of shoot(SHW). 6. An increase in dry weight of leaf(LW), dry weight of stem(SW) and dry weight of root(RW) according to seed coating was attributed to the increase in biological yield(BY). Both the dry weight of leaf(LW) and dry weight of root(RW) were main factors for the increase in biological yield (BY).

Treatment of Agricultural By-Products by Vermicomposting-Effects of Mixture Ratio of Apple Pomace and Nightsoil Sludge on the Growth of Earthworm(Eisenia Foetida) and the Chemical Composition of Worm Casts

이용세,이주삼,조익환,전하준,이영옥,김민,Lee, Yong-Se,Lee, Ju-Sam,Jo, Ik-Hwan,Jun, Ha-Joon,Lee, Yong-Ok,Kim, Min Korean Association of Organic Agriculture 1999 韓國有機農業學會誌 Vol.8 No.1

In order to investigate the possibility of treating the different mixture ratios of apple pomace and nightsoil sludge by vermicomposting was performed and the stability of worm casts, and availability of worm casts as plant growth media was evaluated by the analysis of chemical composition. The results were obtained as follows ; 1. The value of cast production at 100% apple pomace treatment was higher than those of other mixture ratios of apple pomace and nightsoil sludge. 2. The highest values of increasing rate and reproductive efficiency were obtained at mixture ratios of 60% apple pomace with 40% nightsoil sludge. 3. The value of increasing rate at 100% nightsoil sludge treatment was lower that those of other mixture ratios of apple pomace and nightsoil sludge. 4. Organic matter, available inorganic nutrients and stability of worm casts showed high values in all treatments. It means that worm casts are an excellent plant growth media source with a high chemical composition and their stability.

Vermicomposting에 의한 유기성 폐기물의 처리

조익환 ( Jo Ik-hwan ),이주삼 ( Lee Ju-sam ),전하준 ( Jun Ha-joon ) 한국유기농업학회 1996 韓國有機農業學會誌 Vol.5 No.1

A study was made to investigate the possibility of treating various organic waste of cattle manure, swine manure, goat manure, apple pomace, Chinese medicine residue and coffee lees by feeding these to earthworms and then by studying the growth and reproductive efficiency of earthworms, and the chemical composition of worm cast and its production. The results are summarized as follows. 1. When the feed for earthworms were in good condition which were cattle manure, swine manure and apple pomace, the reproductive efficiency of earthworms was improved however in worse condition the feed of which were goat manure and Chinese medicine residue, the increasing rate(IR) became faster. 2. Despite the high content of organic matter(OM) in coffee lees, the earthworms fed coffee lees showed significantly lower reproductive efficiency and increasing rate(IR) than those fed other organic waste due mainly to its lower pH and lower total nitrogen(TN) content. Therefore, when coffee lees is considered to be fed to earthworms, it is believed necessary to be mixed with additives or other organic waste in order to improve the feed condition. 3. pH in swine manure,goat manure, apple pomace, Chinese medicine residue and coffee lees became neutralized by being fed by earthworms. 4. Available P₂O₅ and exchangeable cation(EC) of earthworm cast were a little increased compared to those of feed. 5. The contents of Mn, Fe and Cu in earthworm cast were a little decreased to compared to those of feed. 6. Mean fresh weight of earthworm at final time(FW₂) was negatively correlated with number of young worms(NY)(P<0.01), but positively with increasing rate(IR) (P<0.001) and C/N ratio(P<0.05) respectively. Number of cocoons(NC) and fresh weight of cocoons(WC) were positively(P<0.01) correlated with fresh weight of young worms(WY) and digested matter(DI) but negatively(P<0.001) correlated with residual matter(RW). Number of young worms(NY) and fresh weight of young worms(WY) were negatively (P<0.001) correlated with increasing rate(IR), however increasing rate(IR) of earthworm was positively (P<0.05) correlated with C/N ratio.

Vermicomposting에 의한 우분과 음식물쓰레기의 처리에 관한 연구

조익환 ( Jo Ik-hwan ),이주삼 ( Lee Ju-sam ) 한국유기농업학회 2003 韓國有機農業學會誌 Vol.11 No.4

This research was made to determine the optimum mixing ratio cattle manure and food waste investigating the effect that gets the growth and reproductive efficiency of earthworm and productivity of earthworm casts at processing process when handled cattle manure and food waste by vermicomposting, in order to establish the treatment system of organic wastes by vermicomposting. Survival ratio of earthworm was highest in the mixing ratio 80~100%: 20~0% of cattle manure and food Waste, and the increasing ratio was highest in cattle manure 100%, and the number of young worms, the weight of young worms and the productivity of earthworm casts in plots more than the mixing ratio 60% of cattle manure were significantly higher than in the other treatment plots(p<0.05). Total nitrogen and carbon contents in earthworm cast were decreased when rearing time of earthworm was increased. Carbon and nitrogen rate(C/N) of earthworm cast in plots more than the mixing ratio 80% of cattle manure was significantly higher than in the other treatment plots (p<0.05). pH in earthworm cast was higher than that in residual matter. The contents of electrolytic conductivity in the higher mixing ratio of food waste were significantly higher than those in the other treatment plots (p<0.05).

채소용 육묘 상토로서 지렁이분립의 이용

조익환 ( Jo Ik-hwan ),전하준 ( Jun Ha-joon ),이주삼 ( Lee Ju-sam ) 한국유기농업학회 2003 韓國有機農業學會誌 Vol.11 No.1

This study was carried out to investigate the effects of different plant growth media on the growth of tomato(Lycopersicum esculentum Mill.) seedlings during growth stages. The media were commercial plant growth medium 100%, earthworm cast(that was produced by vermicomposting of food waste and cattle manure) 100%, earthworm cast 50% + vermiculite 50%, earthworm cast 50% + perlite 50%, earthworm cast 40% + vermiculite 30% + perlite 30%. Plant length(㎜), number of leaves, leaf area(㎠), stem diameter(㎜), plant dry mater were greatest till the 2nd week growth stages in the commercial plant growth medium plots, but those were higher in the earthworm cast than those in the other plant growth media at the later stages of this study(p<0.05). And relative growth rate of biological yield, relative growth rate of shoot and relative growth rate of root were highest in the earthworm cast till the 4th week growth stage. Therefore it can be implied that there is the possibility of potential utilization of earthworm cast, which was produced by vermicomposting of food waste and cattle manure, as vegetable growth medium.