Metallurgical Process for Total Recovery of All Constituent Metals from Copper Anode Slimes: A Review of Established Technologies and Current Progress

Jae‑chun Lee,Kurniawan Kurniawan,Kyeong Woo Chung,Sookyung Kim 대한금속·재료학회 2021 METALS AND MATERIALS International Vol.27 No.7

Copper anode slimes, the by-product of the copper electrorefining process, have been the subject of extensive investigationfor recovering precious metals viz., Au, Ag, Pt and Pd, in addition to being the main source of rare/energy-critical elementssuch as Se and Te. There have been various approaches aiming at the development of extraction processes involving thermaland aqueous approaches and their combination. In this paper, the literature relating to the treatments of copper anode slimeis compiled to present the underlying concept for the total recovery of all valuable metals from anode slimes. The industrialand proposed scenarios gathered from various sources show that the basis of applying different streams essentially dependson the concentration of copper and selenium in the slimes. Copper anode slime processing has a history of being in a developmentperiod, though at times showing overlaps. The discussion of each metallurgical process is basically explained bythermodynamic analysis using suitable software as well as fundamentals of the chemistry. Recent progress is highlightedand compared to the established technologies with regard to environmental impact and economic consideration/feasibility. This discussion is followed by the construction of a conceptual flowsheet on the progress currently made. It is expected thatfurther work regarding metal recovery from copper anode slimes would objectively shorten the number of stages for thepretreatment as well as metal separation from leach solutions.

한강, 섬진강, 만경강 수계에 존재하는 대형 무척추동물의 분포

정평림,정재춘 연세대학교 보건과학연구소 1993 보건과학논집 Vol.3 No.-

洋蘭生長點 培養에 關한 硏究 : (Ⅲ) 生長調節物質이 Cymbidium의 生育에 미치는 影響 (Ⅲ) Effect of plant growth regulators to proliferation of protocorm and growth of mericlone in several varieties of Cymbidium

全在璂,鄭載東 慶北大學校 1978 論文集 Vol.25-26 No.-

This experiment was carried out in order to stimulate propagation of mericlone and protocorm to use recommended varieties of Cymbidium. These results obtained were summarized as follows. It was noted that a sort and a suitable concentration of growth regulators was different between varieties or characters within the same variety. IAA 1.0ppm effected to growth of mericlone and NAA 1.0ppm, to proliferation of protocorm in Cym. elcapitan. IBA 15.0ppm was good at growth of mericlone and Kinetin 1.5ppm highly stimulated propagation of protocorm in Cym. showgirl. In the other hand, a optimum concentration was not observed to promote growth of mericlone, but IBA 1.5ppm seemed to stimulate growth a little, by the way, Kinetin 1.5ppm stimulated proliferation of protocorm in Cym. fairywand. Whereas, IBA 5.0ppm and Kinetin 1.0ppm restrained a general growth, especially, that obstructed rooting in all the varieties treated to this study.

퇴비제품의 수요예측 및 시장개발

정재춘 연세대학교 보건과학연구소 1996 보건과학논집 Vol.6 No.-

급성하벽심근경색에서 전흉부유도 ST절 하강의 의의

정병천,배호상,곽동훈,김영태,배용학,황종현,임현주,류재근,조용근,채성철,전재은,박의현 慶北大學校 醫科大學 1997 慶北醫大誌 Vol.38 No.2

목적 : 급성하벽심근경색증 환자에서 심전도상 흔히 동반되는 전흉부유도 ST절 하강의 의의를 알아보았다. 방법 : 심근경색후 24시간에서 48시간에 얻은 심전도를 기준으로 52명의 급성하벽심근경색증 환자를 전흉부유도에서 ST절의 하강이 있는 군과 없는 군으로 나누었으며 심도자, 관상동맥조영술, 심초음파도 및 방사성 핵종을 이용한 좌심구혈율 측정 등을 시행하였다. 결과 : 1) 좌심실확장기말압은 전흉부유도에서 ST절의 하강이 있는 경우에서 16.9±5.33mmHg로 없는 경우의 11.0±4.02mmHg보다 유의하게 높았다(p<0.05). 그러나 운동량 및 좌심구혈을은 흥부 유도상 ST절의 하강이 있는 경우 7.6±3.0 METs 및 53.9±9.1%로 없는 경우의 9.1±2.7 METs 및 54.6±9.5%보다 낮았으나 통계적 유의성은 없었다(p=0.180, p=0.823). 2) 관상동맥조영술상 전흉부 ST절의 하강이 동반된 군에서는 유의한 좌전하행지나 좌회선지의 협착이 있는 경우가 60.9% 및 57.9%로 ST절의 하강이 없는 군에서의 34.5% 및 7.7%와 비교해 좌관상동맥에 협착이 동반된 경우가 많았다(p=0.050, p=0.001). 3) 관상동맥조영술상 세 혈관질환의 빈도는 흉부유도상 ST절의 하강을 보인 23예에서 10예로 ST절 하강이 없었던 29예중 2예에 비하여 유의하게 많았고(P=0.007), 단 혈관질환의 빈도는 ST절의 하강을 보인 군에서 23예중 5예로 ST절 하강이 없었던 29예중 17예에 비하여 유의하게 적었다(P=0.002). 두 혈관질환의 경우에는 각각 8예와 10예로 양군간에 유의한 차이가 없었다. 4) 흉부유도상 ST절 하강의 빈도는 단 혈관질환 22예 중 5예에서, 두 혈관질환 18예중 8예, 세 혈관질환 12예 중 10예에서 관찰되어 협착이 있는 관상동맥의 수가 많을수록 ST절의 하강이 나타나는 빈도가 많음을 보였다(p=0.00308). 그러나 흉부유도상 나타난 ST절의 하강을 모두 합하여 구한 ST절 하강의 합은 협착이 있는 관상동맥의 수와 통계적인 유의성이 없었다. 5) 심초음파도상 좌심실 하벽의 벽운동은 ST절 하강을 보인 군에서는 akinesia가 83.3%, hypokinesia가 11.1%, 정상 벽운동이 5.6%로, ST절 하강이 없었던 군에서의 dyskinesia가 3.6%, akinesia가 39.3%, hypokinesia가 25.0%, 정상 벽운동이 32.1%와 비교하여 ST절의 하강이 있는 군에서 유의하게 벽운동의 장애가 빈번함을 보였다(p=0.03891). 그러나 좌심실전벽, 측벽 및 중격부위에서는 유의한 벽운동의 차이가 없었다. 결론 : 급성하벽심근경색증 환자의 전흉부유도에서 ST절의 하강이 동반되는 경우 다혈관 질환의 가능성이 높으며 좌심실확장기말압이 상승되었고 운동능력은 감소되어 있었다. 또한 심초음파도상 좌심실하벽의 벽운동장애도 심하였다. 따라서 전흉부 ST절의 하강을 동반한 급성하벽심근경색증 환자는 전흉부유도에 ST절 하강이 없는 경우보다 예후가 불량할 것으로 생각되며, 보다 적극적인 치료가 필요할 것으로 생각된다. The purpose of this study was to determine the significance of precordial ST segment depression appearing during acute inferior myocardial infarction and to assess the correlation of that with angiographic finding. 52 patients were allocated into two groups based on the existence of precordial ST segment depression : 23 patients with ST segment depression and 29 patients without ST segment depression. The extent of coronary artery disease as well as the prevalence of significant stenosis (≥70%) in left anterior descending artery were more frequent in patients showing precordial ST segment depression than in patients not showing them (p=0.050) and the result were similar in cases of left circumplex artery (p=0.001). On echocrdiographic examination of left ventricular (LV) wall motion, it showed more severely decreased inferior LV wall motion in patients showing precordial ST segment depression than in patients not showing them (p=0.03891) even though the other segment of LV wall motion didn't show the statistical difference between both groups. The other cardiac parameters such as LVEDP, exercise amount (METs) and ejection fraction were tend to showing bad profile in patients with precordial ST segment depression. From the above results, we could deduce that patients with precordial ST segment depression have relatively large infarction or concomitant left coronary artery disease, so they need more caution and intensive theraphy.

石斛(Dendrobium monile)種子의 無菌培養에 關한 硏究 : (Ⅰ)寒天, 糖, Peptone 및 Tryptone의 濃度가 發芽와 生育에 미치는 影響 (Ⅰ) Effect of agar, sucrose, Tryptone and Peptone concentration on germination and growth

全在璂,鄭載東 慶北大學校 1978 論文集 Vol.25-26 No.-

This experiment was carried out in order to examine the optimum concentration of agar, sucrose, Peptone and Tryptone, for germination and growth, to use the seeds of Dendrobium monile which are originally distributed in Geo-Jae island. These results obtained were summarized as follows. Kyoto solution 1 and Kyoto solution 11 supplemented with 1.0% agar was very excellent for germination. Growth after germination was good in the medium, Kyoto solution 1 added with 0.6% agar, but, when considering germination and late growth, it was thought that 1.0% agar was practically effective. It was clarified as the results of study for improvement of basic medium that adding Peptone 5g/1 or Tryptone 1g/1 to Hyponex 3g/1 highly effected to the growth. By the way, in sucrose concentration, 3.0% sucrose was suitable, especially, dry weight was much increased for other cencentrations.

토끼의 만성 뇌혈관연축 모델에서 혈관확장제에 의한 비가역적 혈관수축의 발현시기와 혈관벽의 전자현미경소견상 이상소견이 발현되는 시기와의 시간관계

정천기,조병규,김하영,지제근,김종재,한대희 대한신경외과학회 1995 Journal of Korean neurosurgical society Vol.24 No.11

One of the characteristics of the cerebral vasospasm is its irreversibility with the vasodilators.Under the hypothesis that the irreversibility with vasodilators might be caused by the structural change in the arterial wall, authors examined the chronological relationships between the irreversibility and the electron microscopic findings of the arterial wall in the rabbit chronic vasospasm model. The development of the vasospasm and the irreversibility of the vasospasm with the intra-arterial papaverine were defined angiographically. After the second angiography done in one to 30 days after subarachnoid hemorrhage(SAH), eighteen rabbits were sacrificed, and the basilar artery was examined with electron microscope. Arterial narrowing was the severest one day after SAH(54.1% of the pre-SAH diameter), and was maintained up to 30 days afer SAH. The irreversibility of the arterial constriction with the papaverine developed 5 days after SAH, which had a tendency to recover 6 to 9 days after SAH. However the irreversibility was noted again 16 days after SAH. Electron microscopy revealed the endothelial wrinkling, disorganization of muscle fiber, myonecrosis, thickening of smooth muscle fibers, and increase of connective tissue in the tunica media. These structural changes were severest one day after SAH, and gradually diminished up to 30 days after SAH. These data show that there are no chronological relationships between the irreversibility and the structural change per se. However the fact that the irreversibility developed during the reparative phase of the arterial wall injury by SAH suggests that the chronic vasospasm is not a primary event but a secondary phenomenon following an injury to the cerebral arterial wall.

지역이기주의의 원인 및 실태분석

정재춘,김중기,이성택 연세대학교 보건과학연구소 1997 보건과학논집 Vol.7 No.-

음식쓰레기의 감량화 및 적정관리 방안

정재춘,이재웅,한용희,탁성제 연세대학교 보건과학연구소 1998 보건과학논집 Vol.8 No.-

추체로 및 추체외로 운동유발전위의 특성

류재욱,조춘식,이배환,박용구,정상섭 한국심리학회 한국심리학회지 생물 및 생리 Vol.11 No.1

운동유발전위(motor evoked potential;MEP)는 척수 및 운동신경계의 기능에 대한 임상 및 진단, 그리고 척수손상 연구 모형에서와 같은 동물을 이용한 실험적 연구에 많이 이용되고 있다. 그러나 이들 연구들간에는 자극대상, 즉 뇌용적이 작고 추체외로가 상대적으로 잘 발달한 쥐와 같은 설치류에서는 자극방법이나 자극위치에 따라서 MEP의 발생과 형태가 상이하며, 추체로운동유발전위(pyramidal motor evoked potential;PMEP)와 추체외로운동유발전위(extrapyramidal motor evoked potential;EPMEP)가 혼입되어 포착되는 것으로 생각된다. 이러한 문제점을 보완하기 위해서, 본 연구는 새로운 전극을 사용해서 쥐의 대뇌피질을 자극하여 발생시킨 PMEP와 망상핵을 자극하여 발생시킨 EPMEP의 특성을 관찰기록하여, PMEP와 EPMEP의 특성을 비교고찰하였다. 이를 위해 본 연구에서 사용한 새로운 전극은 대뇌피질에 직경이 약 1.4㎜인 원판을 접촉시켜서 이를 음전극으로 하고, 원판의 중심부에서 돌출된 0.2㎜의 두께와 1.5㎜ 길이의 절연된 심을 양전극으로 이용할 수 있게 제작되었다. 그리고 PMEP와 EPMEP는 제6경수위와 제9흉수위에서 기록하였다. 본 연구에서 새로운 자극전극을 이용하여 대뇌피질을 자극함으로써 전류의 전파를 국소화시킨 결과 비교적 일관적인 PMEP를 포착할 수 있었으며, PMEP와 EPMEP의 파형이 상이함을 보여주었다. Motor evoked potentials(MEPs) have been used widely both experimentally and clinically to study the function of the motor nervous system. However, the origins and the waveforms of MEPs in small animals like rats may be different from those of potentials evoked by intracortical microstimulation in carnivore like cats because of current spread. The patterns and characteristics of MEPs also could be affected by recording techinques and methods of stimulation. In the present study, we used a specially designed electrode to stimulate localized cortical area. The pointed tip of a special stimulating electrode was inserted into the cerebral cortex perpendicular to the cortical surface so that the round area gently contacted with the cortical surface. We investigated the characteristics of pyramidal motor evoked potentials (PMEPs) and extrapyramidal motor evoked potentials (EPMEPs) evoked by the electrical stimulation of the mortex cortex and the gigantocellular reticular nucleus. Using this technique, we could constantly obtain the PMEP and EPMEP. The results of the present study showed that the PMEP and the EPMEP were different in their latencies and waveforms.