무기태 질소시비가 초지의 수량과 식생구성에 미치는 영향 I. 초지수량의 계절적 분포와 경제적 무기태 질소시비한계 ( Efficiency of Mineral Nitrogen Fertilization on Yield and Botanical Composition of Grassland II. Seasonal distribution of dry matter yield and economical mineral nitrogen application on gras

조익환,G. Schechtenr 한국초지조사료학회 1990 한국초지조사료학회지 Vol.10 No.3

아파트 발코니의 形態와 空間分析

曺翼煥 慶北大學校 經營大學院 1992 最高經營者課程 論文集 Vol.- No.15

예취빈도에 따른 무기태 질소시비가 오차드 그라스의 건물수량과 건물생산효율에 미치는 영향

조익환,김민 대구대학교 생명과학연구소 2002 생명과학연구 Vol.1 No.2

오차드그라스 초지에 재배년도(1996~1998년)와 예취빈도(연간 3회, 4회 및 5회)를 달리하여 재배하였을 때, 건물수량에 미치는 무기태 질소의 시비효과를 조사하여 건물생산효율이 높은 경제적 시비수준과 적정 예취빈도를 추정하려고 하였다. 모든 예취빈도에서 1998년의 건물수량이 다른 재배년도보다 유의하게 많았다. 즉, 3회 예취구에서는 시비수준 평균 10.3 ton ha^-1, 4회 예취구에서는 10.8 ton ha^-1, 5회 예취구에서는 10.8 ton ha^-1을 나타내었다. 시비수준별 평균 건물수량은 3회예취구에서는 90~120 kg ha^-1 cut^-1수준에서 10.6~11.7 ton ha^-1을 타나내었고, 4회와 5회 예취구에서 30~120 kg ha^-1 cut^-1수준에서 각각 8.9~9.9 ton ha^-1과 8.0~9.2ton ha^-1을 나타내어 다른 시비수준보다 유의하게 많았다. 건물생산효율은 3회 예취구의 360 kg ha^-1 ^yr-1 수준에서 10.4kg, 4회 예취구의 120kg ha^-1 수준에서 18.5kg 5회 예취구의 150 kg ha^-1 yr-1 수준에서 7.3kg으로 가장 높았다. 예취빈도별 예취번초의 평균 건물수량은 3회와 4회 예취구에서 1번 초가 각각 4.6과 3.3 ton ha^-1, 5회 예취구에서는 2번초가 2.7 ton ha^-1으로 다른 예취 번초의 건물수량보다 유의하게 많았다. 상대건물수량은 3과 4회 예취구의 1번초가 각각 47.7과 36.9%, 5회 예취구의 2번초가 31.5%로 가장 높았다. 예취시기 별 건물생산효율은 3회 예취구에서는 1번초에서 10.7 kg, 4회와 5회 예취구에서는 2ㄹ번초에서 각각 18.0과 12.1 kg으로 가장 높았다. A study was made to estimate the economic level of mineral nitrogen and a proper cutting frequency for the dry matter production of Orchardgrass (Dacrlyis glomerata L.) during the harvested years in 1996∼1998. Annual mineral nitrogen was applied at the levels of 0, 90, 180, 270 and 360 ㎏ ha^-1 in 3 cuttings, 0, 120, 240, 360 and 480 ㎏ ha^-1 in 4 cuttings, and 0, 150, 300, 450 and 600 ㎏ ha^-1 in 5 cuttings, respectively. The dry matter yields of all cutting frequencies in 1998 were significantly higher than in the other harvested years. Mean dry matter yield were 10.3, 10.8 and 10.8 tos ha^-1 in 3, 4 and 5 cuttings, respectively. Significantly higher dry matter yields were obtained as 10.6∼11.7 tons ha^-1 at the level of 90∼120 ㎏ ha^-1 cut^-1 in 3 cuttings, and 8.9∼9.9 and 8.0∼9.2 tons ha^-1 at levels of 30∼120 ㎏ ha^-1 in 4 and 5 cuttings, respectively. Higher efficiencies of dry matter production inresponse to mineral nitrogen application were recorded as 10.4 ㎏ at level of 360 ㎏ ha^-1 yr^-1 in 3 cuttings, 18.5 ㎏ at level of 120 ㎏ ha^-1 yr^-1 in 4 cuttings, and 7.3 ㎏ at level of 150 ㎏ ha^-1 yr^-1 in 5 cuttings, respectively. Significantly higher dry matter yields appeared as 4.6 and 3.3 tons ha^-1 at 1st cut in 3 and 4 cuttings respectively, 2.7 tons ha^-1 at 2nd cut in 5 cuttings. The highest values of relative dry matter yield were 47.7 and 36.9% for 1st cut in 3 and 4 cuttings respectively, 31.5% for 2nd cut in 5 cuttings. Higher efficiencies of dry matter production in response to mineral nitrogen application were recorded as 10.7 ㎏ at 1st cut in 3 cuttings, as 18.0 and 12.1 ㎏ at 2nd cut in 4 and 5 cuttings respectively.

예취빈도에 따른 질소시비가 오차드 그라스의 영양가와 양분수량에 미치는 영향

조익환,전하준,김민 대구대학교 과학기술연구소 1999 科學技術硏究 Vol.6 No.2

This experiment was carried out to investigated the effects of levels of mineral nitrogen under various cutting systems on the nutritive value and nutrient yields of orchardgrass (Dactylis glomerata L.) during harvested years in 1993-1995. The contents of crude protein (CP), total digestible nutrients (TDN), relative feed value (RFV) and annual nutrient yields in relatively wet year (1993) were significantly higher than those in the other harvested years, but the tendency of contents of acid detergent fiber (ADF) and neutral detergent fiber (NDF) were against. The contents of CP, TDN, RFV of all cutting frequencies were highest at the last cut, but lowest at the 2nd cut. The annual nutrient yields were highest at the 1 st cut in 3 cuttings, and at the 2nd cut in 4 and 5 cuttings, respectively. Significantly higher contents of CP in all cutting frequencies appeared in according to increase the levels of mineral nitrogen, but the contents of ADF were lower with nitrogen fertilization of 60 kg ha^(-1) cut^(-1) in 4 and 5 cuttings than those in non-fertilized plots. Higher efficiencies of dry matter production (kg DMY kg^(-1) N), crude protein production (kg CPY kg^(-1) N) and total digestible nutrients production (kg TDNY kg^(-1) N) in response to mineral nitrogen fertilization were recorded as 12.9, 1.4 and 7.6 kg at level of 360 kg ha^(-1) in 3 cuttings, 27.3. 2.7 and 16.0 kg at level of 120 kg ha^(-1) in 4 cuttings, 20.5, 2.0 and 12.7 kg at level of 360 k, ha^(-1) in 5 cuttings, respectively. In all treatments, negative correlation between CP and ADF or NDF appeared (P<0.001). Positive correlations were recorded between CP and TDN or RFV. and among TDN and nutrient yields (P<0.01).

가축분뇨시용이 옥수수와 수수×수수교잡종의 생산성 및 사료가치에 미치는 영향

조익환 한국유기농업학회 2008 한국유기농업학회지 Vol.16 No.1

This study was conducted to determine adequate forage crop choice and optimal level of livestock manure, when different types and levels of the livestock manure were applied in corns or sorghum×sorghum hybrids for the production of organic roughages by utilizing livestock manure. For the corn, yields of annual dry matter (DM) and total digestible nutrients (TDN) were highest in N+P+K-applied treatments, showing 17.3 and 11.7 ton/ha, respectively. Treatments applied 100% composted cattle manure (8.9 and 6.1 ton/ha) and 100% cattle slurry (9.4 and 7.5 ton/ha) in contrast with chemical fertilizer-N had higher yields of DM and TDN than no fertilizer (4.8 and 2.7 ton/ha) and P+K-applied treatments (8.8 and 6.0 ton/ha). Particularly, treatments applied 150% composted cattle manure and 150% cattle slurry were markedly higher, which represented 11.4 and 7.6 ton/ha and 10.3 and 7.3 ton/ha, respectively. Crude protein (CP) contents for corns applied livestock manure ranged from 5.6 to 6.6%, which were significantly (p<0.05) higher than those of no fertilizer (3.9%) and P+K-applied treatments (5.5%). ADF (42.4%) and NDF (58.3%) contents for no fertilizer treatment were significantly (p<0.05) higher than those of other treatments. However, TDN contents were higher for livestock manure treatments than for no and/or chemical fertilizer treatments. In particular, TDN contents of treatments applied 150% composted cattle manure and 150% cattle slurry showed 72.3 and 70.8%, respectively and both treatments were significantly (p<0.05) higher than all of the other treatments. For the sorghum×sorghum hybrid, yields of annual DM and TDN for 100% (12.4 and 7.4 ton/ha) and 150% (13.1 and 7.6 ton/ha) cattle slurry-applied treatments, and N+P+K-applied treatments (12.6 and 7.7 ton/ha) were significantly (p<0.05) higher than those of the others. In the others, 150% composted cattle manure (9.3 and 5.2 ton/ha) had higher annual DM and TDN yields than P+K-applied (8.4 and 4.8 ton/ha) and 100% composted cattle manure treatments (7.4 and 4.2 ton/ha), with no significant difference. Crude protein contents for sorghum×sorghum hybrid applied P+K and cattle slurry were 8.8 and 8.6%, respectively. CP contents for both treatments were significantly higher than those of composted manure (7.5~8.3%) and no fertilizer (4.0%) treatments, but 100% livestock manure treatments had higher CP contents than 150%-applied treatments. ADF and NDF contents for N+P+K and cattle slurry-applied treatments were significantly (p<0.05) lower than the others. However, TDN contents were highest in N+P+K and cattle slurry-applied treatments, showing 61.2 and 58.3 to 59.4%, respectively. These results indicated that application of livestock manure instead of chemical fertilizer to the soil of forage crops might not only improve yields of DM and TDN, but also reduce environmental pollution by producing organic roughages through recycling of livestock manure.

Vermicomposting에 의한 음식물쓰레기와 돈분의 처리

조익환 대구대학교 생명과학연구소 2003 생명과학연구 Vol.2 No.1

This research was made to estimate the optimum mixing rate of swine manure and food waste investigating effect that get the growth and reproductive efficiency of earthworm and productivity of earthworm casts at processing process when handled swine manure and food waste by vermicomposting, in order to establish treatment system of organic wastes by vermicomosting. Survival rate of earthworm was highest in the mixing rate 80-100 % : 20-0 % of swine manure and food waste, and the increasing rate was highest in swine manure 100%, and the number of young worms, the weight of young worms and the productivity of earthworm casts in plots more than the mixing rate 60% of swine manure were significantly higher than in the other treatment plots (p<0.05, Table 1). Also, Carbon and nitrogen ratio (C/N) of earthworm cast was suitable by 13.9-14.1% in plots more than the mixing rate 60% of swine manure (Table 2).

가축분뇨의 시용시기가 조사료 생산에 미치는 영향

조익환 대구대학교 생명과학연구소 2004 생명과학연구 Vol.3 No.1

The aim of this experiment was to investigate the effects of applying times and dilution rates of cattle slurry on dry matter yields of orchard grass. Cattle slurry was applied at the rates of average mineral nitrogen fertilizer equivalent to 150 ㎏/ha/year in 3 cutting frequency. Significantly higher dry matter yields than that of no fertilization (3.04 ton DM/㏊) were recorded in the application of diluted cattle slurry (5.59∼6.37 ton DM/㏊) (p<0.05). Especially, this tendency was shown with higher annual dry matter yields at the partitioned dressing times, such as at the applications for 1st growth, 1st and 3rd growth, respectively. The yields of annual dry matter both at fertilizing with phosphorus and potassium, and phosphorus, potassium and nitrogen were higher than no fertilization as 5.40 tons and 8.60 tons per ㏊, respectively. However, with application of diluted cattle slurry, dry matter yield per year (5.92 ton DM/㏊) was higher than those of fertilizing with phosphorus and potassium. The efficiencies of dry matter production with mineral and cattle slurry nitrogen application (㎏ DM/㎏ N) were 21.3 and 14.7∼18.3 ㎏ DM/㎏ N, respectively. Especially, these tendencies were higher in diluted application plots than in no-diluted application plots of cattle slurry.

액상구비의 사용에 따른 Orchardgrass의 반응 /

조익환 대구대학교 생명과학연구소, 2002 생명과학연구 Vol.1 No.1

유휴 논토양에서 가축분뇨의 시용이 Tall fescue의 잠재생산성에 미치는 영향

조익환 한국유기농업학회 2006 한국유기농업학회지 Vol.14 No.1

This experiment was conducted to investigate effects of application of diluted and undiluted cattle slurry with water on seasonal and annual dry matter yields and feed values of tall fescue in the uncultivated rice paddy and it was compared with chemical fertilizer. Annual dry matter yields for diluted (average 6.43 ton DM/㏊) and undiluted (average 6.56 ton DM/㏊) cattle slurry were significantly higher (p<0.05) than those of no fertilizer (3.82 ton DM/㏊). This trend was much more conspicuous in treatments applied in spring. In chemical fertilizer treatments, fertilizers with P and K (6.12 ton DM/㏊), and P, K and N (10.13 ton DM/㏊) had significantly (p<0.05) higher dry matter yields compared with no fertilizer. However, annual dry matter yields for treatments of P and K mixture tended to be lower than those of cattle slurry applications. The efficiency of DM production for inorganic nitrogen in chemical fertilizers annually averaged 26.7kg DM/kg N. In terms of cutting frequencies, it was highest in 2nd growth followed by 1st and 3rd growth. On the other hand, efficiencies of annual DM production of nitrogen for diluted and undiluted cattle slurry were 18.3 and 17.4 ㎏ DM/kg N, respectively, especially, highest in 2nd growth. While, efficiencies of DM production for cattle slurry versus for inorganic nitrogen were 68.5 (undiluted) and 65.2% (diluted), respectively. For annual crude protein contents of tall fescue, no fertilization (11.5%) was significantly higher than chemical fertilizer, but that was lower than cattle slurry (12.4~12.6%) diluted with water. on the contrary, no fertilizers had significantly lower NDF (64.1%) and ADF (37.2%) contents than those of any other treatments, but their RFV (87.0) was significantly higher (p<0.05) than other treatments. The application of cattle slurry and their dilution significantly increased yields of crude protein and total digestible nutrients compared with no and/or P and K fertilizers (p<0.05). This trend was more conspicuous in cattle slurry applied in the early spring.

보리와 헤어리 베치의 단, 혼파 재배 시 우분뇨의 시용에 따른 생산성과 사료가치의 평가

조익환 한국유기농업학회 2008 한국유기농업학회지 Vol.16 No.2

This trial was conducted to assess effects of cattle slurry application on productivity and feed values of barley and hairy vetch when they were influenced by single or mixed-sowed cultivation in paddy fields, and to obtain good quality of organic forage resources. The results summarized are as follows. For barley and hairy vetch, single-sowed cultivation was lower in annual dry matter (DM) and total digestible nutrients (TDN) yields than mixed-sowed (P