무기태 질소시비가 초지의 수량과 식생구성에 미치는 영향 I. 초지수량의 계절적 분포와 경제적 무기태 질소시비한계 ( Efficiency of Mineral Nitrogen Fertilization on Yield and Botanical Composition of Grassland II. Seasonal distribution of dry matter yield and economical mineral nitrogen application on gras

조익환,G. Schechtenr 한국초지조사료학회 1990 한국초지조사료학회지 Vol.10 No.3

가축분뇨시용이 옥수수와 수수×수수교잡종의 생산성 및 사료가치에 미치는 영향

조익환 한국유기농업학회 2008 韓國有機農業學會誌 Vol.16 No.1

This study was conducted to determine adequate forage crop choice and optimal level of livestock manure, when different types and levels of the livestock manure were applied in corns or sorghum×sorghum hybrids for the production of organic roughages by utilizing livestock manure. For the corn, yields of annual dry matter (DM) and total digestible nutrients (TDN) were highest in N+P+K-applied treatments, showing 17.3 and 11.7 ton/ha, respectively. Treatments applied 100% composted cattle manure (8.9 and 6.1 ton/ha) and 100% cattle slurry (9.4 and 7.5 ton/ha) in contrast with chemical fertilizer-N had higher yields of DM and TDN than no fertilizer (4.8 and 2.7 ton/ha) and P+K-applied treatments (8.8 and 6.0 ton/ha). Particularly, treatments applied 150% composted cattle manure and 150% cattle slurry were markedly higher, which represented 11.4 and 7.6 ton/ha and 10.3 and 7.3 ton/ha, respectively. Crude protein (CP) contents for corns applied livestock manure ranged from 5.6 to 6.6%, which were significantly (p<0.05) higher than those of no fertilizer (3.9%) and P+K-applied treatments (5.5%). ADF (42.4%) and NDF (58.3%) contents for no fertilizer treatment were significantly (p<0.05) higher than those of other treatments. However, TDN contents were higher for livestock manure treatments than for no and/or chemical fertilizer treatments. In particular, TDN contents of treatments applied 150% composted cattle manure and 150% cattle slurry showed 72.3 and 70.8%, respectively and both treatments were significantly (p<0.05) higher than all of the other treatments. For the sorghum×sorghum hybrid, yields of annual DM and TDN for 100% (12.4 and 7.4 ton/ha) and 150% (13.1 and 7.6 ton/ha) cattle slurry-applied treatments, and N+P+K-applied treatments (12.6 and 7.7 ton/ha) were significantly (p<0.05) higher than those of the others. In the others, 150% composted cattle manure (9.3 and 5.2 ton/ha) had higher annual DM and TDN yields than P+K-applied (8.4 and 4.8 ton/ha) and 100% composted cattle manure treatments (7.4 and 4.2 ton/ha), with no significant difference. Crude protein contents for sorghum×sorghum hybrid applied P+K and cattle slurry were 8.8 and 8.6%, respectively. CP contents for both treatments were significantly higher than those of composted manure (7.5~8.3%) and no fertilizer (4.0%) treatments, but 100% livestock manure treatments had higher CP contents than 150%-applied treatments. ADF and NDF contents for N+P+K and cattle slurry-applied treatments were significantly (p<0.05) lower than the others. However, TDN contents were highest in N+P+K and cattle slurry-applied treatments, showing 61.2 and 58.3 to 59.4%, respectively. These results indicated that application of livestock manure instead of chemical fertilizer to the soil of forage crops might not only improve yields of DM and TDN, but also reduce environmental pollution by producing organic roughages through recycling of livestock manure.

청보리 재배 시 콩과 사료작물의 혼파와 우분의 시용이 생산성, 사료가치 및 유기한우 사육능력에 미치는 영향

조익환,Jo, Ik Hwan 한국초지조사료학회 2014 한국초지조사료학회지 Vol.34 No.4

본 연구는 환경오염을 감소시키고 유기축산물의 생산에 기여할 수 있는 유기조사료를 효율적으로 생산하기 위해 대표적인 동계작물인 청보리에 콩과 사료작물의 혼파와 발효우분을 시용하여 생산성과 사료가치를 평가하고, 토양의 지력 향상과 가축분뇨의 자원화를 위한 가축분뇨의 적정시용수준을 구명하여 단위면적당 유기한우 사육능력을 추정하고자 하였다. 콩과 사료작물의 혼파에 따른 평균 청보리의 건물, 조단백질 및 TDN 수량은 5.09~5.21, 0.48~0.51 및 3.19~3.21 톤/ha으로 단파로 재배했을 경우의 4.28, 0.38 및 2.8톤/ha 보다 유의하게 증가하였으나 혼파구 간에는 차이가 없었고, 발효우분의 질소시용수준이 증가함에 따라 청보리의 평균건물, 조단백질 및 TDN 수량은 무비구(3.97, 0.37 및 2.56 톤/ha)에 비해 100~150 kg N/ha (5.23~5.76, 0.49~0.54 및 3.28~3.55)에서 유의하게 증가하였다(p<0.05). 콩과사료작물의 혼파에 따른 조단백질과 ADF 함량은 헤어리베치 혼파구(각각 9.7과 34.5%) >사료용 완구 혼파구(각각 9.3과 33.0%) >청보리의 단파구(각각 8.7과 30.5%) 순으로 유의하게 낮아졌으며 우분 질소시용수준에 따른 청보리의 조단백질 함량과 NDF 함량은 처리수준 간 유의한 차이가 인정되지 않았지만 ADF 함량은 시용수준이 증가함에 따라 유의하게 증가하였고 TDN 함량은 반대로 감소하였다(p<0.05). 콩과 사료작물의 혼파에 따른 청보리에 의한 유기한우 사육능력(체중 450 kg, 400 g 일당증체 목표)은 평균 2.62~2.72두로 유의하게 증가하였고. 발효우분 질소시용수준이 증가됨에 따라 청보리에 의한 유기한우 사육능력은 유의하게 증가하였다(p<0.05). 이상의 결과를 종합해 볼 때, 청보리 재배 시 콩과 사료 작물의 혼파 하였을 경우에는 단파재배 보다 발효우분의 질소시용수준을 ha 당 50 kg 이상 줄이면서도 건물수량을 포함한 생산성과 유기한우 사육능력 증대는 물론 조단백질 함량 등 사료가치를 향상을 시켜 한우 사양 시 조사료자원의 다양화 뿐 아니라 저투입에 의한 고품질 조사료 생산으로 유기축산물 생산에 크게 기여하리라 사료된다. This study was to assess the effect of sowing mixed legume forage and applying cattle manure on the productivity and feed value of whole-crop barley (WCB) as a representative of winter crops and to estimate feeding capacity of Korean native cattle (Hanwoo) per unit area by defining optimal application level of cattle manure for more fertile soil and manure recycling for the purpose of reduced environmental pollution and efficient production of organic forage contributable to production of organic animal products. Sowing mixed legume forage significantly (p<0.05) increased yields of dry matter (DM), crude protein (CP) and total digestible nutrients (TDN) for WCB compared to WCB alone sowing, but there was no difference between mixed sowing treatments. The yields of DM, CP and TDN were significantly (p<0.05) highest in 100~150 kg N/hg. The CP and acid detergent fiber (ADF) contents were highest in mixed sowing with hairy vetch, followed by sowing mixed forage pea and WCB alone (p<0.05). There were no differences in CP and neutral detergent fiber (NDF) contents among cattle manure application levels. As nitrogen application level increased, ADF content increased (p<0.05), but TDN content decreased (p<0.05). Feeding capacity of organic Hanwoo (head/ha) weighing 450 kg of body weight with 400 g of daily gain significantly (p<0.05) increased due to mixed sowing with legume forage, and with increasing application levels of fermented cattle manure, feeding capacity significantly (p<0.05) increased. The results indicate that mixed-sowing of WCB and legume forage not only cut nitrogen application level of fermented cattle manure by over 50 kg per ha but also increased their feed value and productivity, and feeding capacity. This would be contributable to diversity of forage resources as well as production of organic animal product by creating low cost and high quality of forage.

가축분뇨시용이 옥수수와 수수$\times$수수교잡종의 생산성 및 사료가치에 미치는 영향

조익환,Jo, Ik-Hwan 한국유기농업학회 2008 韓國有機農業學會誌 Vol.16 No.1

본 실험은 가축분뇨에 의한 유기 조사료를 생산하기 위하여 옥수수와 수수교잡종을 재배 시 가축분뇨의 종료와 시용수준을 달리하여 적절한 사료작물의 선발과 가축분뇨의 적정 시용 수준을 추정하고자 하였다. 그 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 1. 옥수수의 연간 건물수량과 가소화양분(TDN) 수량은 질소, 인산 및 칼리를 시용한 처리구가 ha 당 17.3과 11.7톤으로 가장 높았고 발효우분과 액상우분뇨를 100% 시용한 구는 ha 당 각각 8.9와 6.1톤 및 9.4와 7.5톤으로 무비구(4.8과 2.7 톤/ha)와 인산과 칼리를 시용한 구(8.8과 6.0톤/ha) 보다 높았으며 특히 발효우분 150%와 액상우분뇨 150% 수준을 시용한 구는 각각 11.4와 7.6톤 및 10.3과 7.3톤/ha으로 월등하게 높았다. 2. 옥수수의 조단백질함량은 가축분뇨를 시용한 구에서 $5.6{\sim}6.6%$를 나타내어 무비구(3.9%)와 인산과 칼리만을 시용한 구(5.5%) 보다는 유의하게 높았고 ADF와 NDF 함량은 무비구가 각각 42.4와 58.3%로 다른 처리구 보다 유의하게 높았다. 그러나 TDN 함량은 가축분뇨 시용구에서 무비구과 화학비료구보다 높았으며 특히 발효우분 및 액상우분뇨를 150% 시용한 구에서는 각각 72.3과 70.8%를 나타내어 모든 처리구 보다 유의하게 높았다(p<0.05). 3. 수수$\times$수수교잡종의 연간 건물수량과 TDN 수량은 액상우분뇨 100과 150% 시용구 그리고 질소, 인산 및 칼리를 시용한 처리구가 ha 당 각각 12.4와 7.4톤, 13.1과 7.6톤 그리고 12.6과 7.7톤으로 다른 처리구 보다 유의하게 높았으며(p<0.05), 다음으로 발효우분 150% 시용수준에서 ha 당 각각 9.3과 5.2톤을 나타내었고 인산과 칼리를 시용한 구(8.4와 4.8톤/ha)와 발효우분 100% 시용구(7.4와 4.2톤/ha) 순으로 낮아졌지만 두 처리간 유의한 차이는 나타나지 않았다. 4. 수수교잡종의 조단백질(CP) 함량은 인산과 칼리만을 시비한 구와 액상우분뇨 시용구에서 각각 8.8과 8.6%로 발효우분 시용구($7.5{\sim}8.3%$)와 무비구(4.0%) 보다 유의하게 높았지만 가축분뇨를 100% 시용한 구가 150% 시용 구 보다도 높은 조단백질 함량을 나타내었다. ADF와 NDF 함량은 질소, 인산 및 칼리를 시비한 구와 액상우분뇨 시용구가 각각 30.5와 37.4%로 다른 처리구 보다 유의하게 낮았다. 그러나 TDN 함량은 질소, 인산 및 칼리를 시비한 구와 액상우분뇨 시용구가 각각 61.2와 $58.3{\sim}59.4%$로 가장 높았다. 이상의 결과로부터, 사료작물 재배토양에 화학비료 대신 가축분뇨의 시용은 사초의 건물 및 가소화양분수량을 향상시킬 수 있을 뿐만 아니라, 가축분뇨재활용을 통한 유기조사료의 생산은 환경오염 감소와 자원순환형 친환경 농산물 생산에도 기여할 수 있을 것으로 사료된다. This study was conducted to determine adequate forage crop choice and optimal level of livestock manure, when different types and levels of the livestock manure were applied in corns or sorghum$\times$sorghum hybrids for the production of organic roughages by utilizing livestock manure. For the corn, yields of annual dry matter (DM) and total digestible nutrients (TDN) were highest in N+P+K-applied treatments, showing 17.3 and 11.7 ton/ha, respectively. Treatments applied 100% composted cattle manure (8.9 and 6.1 ton/ha) and 100% cattle slurry (9.4 and 7.5 ton/ ha) in contrast with chemical fertilizer-N had higher yields of DM and TDN than no fertilizer (4.8 and 2.7 ton/ha) and P+K-applied treatments (8.8 and 6.0 ton/ha). Particularly, treatments applied 150% composted cattle manure and 150% cattle slurry were markedly higher, which represented 11.4 and 7.6 ton/ha and 10.3 and 7.3 ton/ha, respectively. Crude protein (CP) contents for corns applied livestock manure ranged from 5.6 to 6.6%, which were significantly (p<0.05) higher than those of no fertilizer (3.9%) and P+K-applied treatments (5.5%). ADF (42.4%) and NDF (58.3%) contents for no fertilizer treatment were significantly (p<0.05) higher than those of other treatments. However, TDN contents were higher for livestock manure treatments than for no and/or chemical fertilizer treatments. In particular, TDN contents of treatments applied 150% composted cattle manure and 150% cattle slurry showed 72.3 and 70.8%, respectively and both treatments were significantly (p<0.05) higher than all of the other treatments. For the sorghum$\times$sorghum hybrid, yields of annual DM and TDN for 100% (12.4 and 7.4 ton/ha) and 150% (13.1 and 7.6 ton/ha) cattle slurry-applied treatments, and N+P+K-applied treatments (12.6 and 7.7 ton/ha) were significantly (p<0.05) higher than those of the others. In the others, 150% composted cattle manure (9.3 and 5.2 ton/ha) had higher annual DM and TDN yields than P+K-applied (8.4 and 4.8 ton/ha) and 100% composted cattle manure treatments (7.4 and 4.2 ton/ha), with no significant difference. Crude protein contents for sorghum$\times$sorghum hybrid applied P+K and cattle slurry were 8.8 and 8.6%, respectively. CP contents for both treatments were significantly higher than those of composted manure ($7.5{\sim}8.3%$) and no fertilizer (4.0%) treatments, but 100% livestock manure treatments had higher CP contents than 150%-applied treatments. ADF and NDF contents for N+P+K and cattle slurry-applied treatments were significantly (p<0.05) lower than the others. However, TDN contents were highest in N+P+K and cattle slurry-applied treatments, showing 61.2 and 58.3 to 59.4%, respectively. These results indicated that application of livestock manure instead of chemical fertilizer to the soil of forage crops might not only improve yields of DM and TDN, but also reduce environmental pollution by producing organic roughages through recycling of livestock manure.

사과박 첨가가 오차드그라스 사일리지의 품질과 In Situ 소실율에 미치는 영향 ( The Effect of Addition of Apple Pomace on Quality and In Situ Degradability of Orchardgrass Silage )

조익환,황보순,안종호,김현진,이주삼 한국초지조사료학회 2001 한국초지조사료학회지 Vol.21 No.3

조사료원이 한국 재래산양의 섭취량과 소화율에 미치는 영향 ( The Effect of Roughage Source on Voluntary Feed Intake and Digestibility in Korean Native goats )

조익환,황보순,전기현,송해범,안종호,이주삼 한국초지조사료학회 1997 한국초지조사료학회지 Vol.17 No.1

유휴 논토양에서 가축분뇨의 시용이 Tall fescue의 잠재생산성에 미치는 영향

조익환 한국유기농업학회 2006 韓國有機農業學會誌 Vol.14 No.1

This experiment was conducted to investigate effects of application of diluted and undiluted cattle slurry with water on seasonal and annual dry matter yields and feed values of tall fescue in the uncultivated rice paddy and it was compared with chemical fertilizer. Annual dry matter yields for diluted (average 6.43 ton DM/㏊) and undiluted (average 6.56 ton DM/㏊) cattle slurry were significantly higher (p<0.05) than those of no fertilizer (3.82 ton DM/㏊). This trend was much more conspicuous in treatments applied in spring. In chemical fertilizer treatments, fertilizers with P and K (6.12 ton DM/㏊), and P, K and N (10.13 ton DM/㏊) had significantly (p<0.05) higher dry matter yields compared with no fertilizer. However, annual dry matter yields for treatments of P and K mixture tended to be lower than those of cattle slurry applications. The efficiency of DM production for inorganic nitrogen in chemical fertilizers annually averaged 26.7kg DM/kg N. In terms of cutting frequencies, it was highest in 2nd growth followed by 1st and 3rd growth. On the other hand, efficiencies of annual DM production of nitrogen for diluted and undiluted cattle slurry were 18.3 and 17.4 ㎏ DM/kg N, respectively, especially, highest in 2nd growth. While, efficiencies of DM production for cattle slurry versus for inorganic nitrogen were 68.5 (undiluted) and 65.2% (diluted), respectively. For annual crude protein contents of tall fescue, no fertilization (11.5%) was significantly higher than chemical fertilizer, but that was lower than cattle slurry (12.4~12.6%) diluted with water. on the contrary, no fertilizers had significantly lower NDF (64.1%) and ADF (37.2%) contents than those of any other treatments, but their RFV (87.0) was significantly higher (p<0.05) than other treatments. The application of cattle slurry and their dilution significantly increased yields of crude protein and total digestible nutrients compared with no and/or P and K fertilizers (p<0.05). This trend was more conspicuous in cattle slurry applied in the early spring.

28. 경북지역에서 가축분뇨 시용과 콩과작물의 혼파가 호밀과 트리트케일의 생산성과 단위면적당 유기가축 사육능력에 미치는 영향에 미치는 영향

조익환,오명곤,황보순 한국초지조사료학회 2013 한국초지조사료학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2013 No.09

국민 소득 통계의 고찰

조익환 中央大學校 政經大學 應用統計學科 1982 統計學會誌 Vol.1982 No.8

무기태 질소시비가 초지의 수량과 식생구성에 미치는 영향 III. 무기태 질소시비가 초지의 식생구조에 미치는 영향 ( Effeciency of Mineral Nitrogen Fertilization on Yield and Botanical Composition of Grassland III. The Effect of Mineral Nitrogen Fertilization on Botanical Composition of Grassland )

조익환,G. Schechtner 한국잡초학회·한국잔디학회 1990 Weed & Turfgrass Science Vol.4 No.2