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이정영,김재도,김대현,Lee, Jeung-Young,Kim, Jae-Do,Kim, Dae-Hyun 한국안광학회 2004 한국안광학회지 Vol.9 No.2
근시의 발생 및 증가의 원인이 지속적인 망막의 흐린 상에 의한다는 것이 여러 연구를 통해 알려져 왔다. 실제 임상에서는 미교정 난시가 망막의 흐린 상을 유발하는 한 가지 원인이 될 수 있다. 난시와 굴절이상도와의 관계를 알아보기 위해 87명의 대학생을 대상으로 N-vision 5001 자동굴절검안기(Shinnippon)를 이용하여 굴절이상도를 측정하였다. 직난시와 사난시의 그룹에서는 구면굴절이상도와 난시의 상관계수와 통계값은 각각 r=0.53 (ANOVA F=32.40, N=87, P<0.05)과 r=0.53(ANOVA F=5.14, N=15, P<0.001)으로 난시도수의 증가와 함께 굴절이상도수가 증가하지만 도난시와의 상관계수는 r=0.09 (ANOVA F=0.18, N=22, P<0.001)로 구면굴절이상도와 난시와의 상관관계는 미미한 것을 나타났다. 그룹 전체의 난시도수와 굴절 이상도는 각각의 그룹의 상관도 보다 높게 나타났다(r=0.56: ANOVA F=77.80, N=173, P<0.001) 그룹 전체에서 난시도수와 굴절이상도의 상관관계가 유의적 수준에서 높게 나타나는 것으로 보아 미교정 난시가 구면굴절이상의 발생 및 증가에 영향을 미치는 것으로 판단된다. Many studies have reported that retinal defocus cause and increase refractive error specially myopia. Uncorrected astigmatism may be one factor of retinal defocus factors. To understand the relationship between myopia and astigmatism 62 college students were participated in this study. Spherical refractive error and astigmatism were measured using N-vision 5001 autorefractor (Shinnippon). Co-relations between spherical refractive error and astigmatism were high both in the with-the-rule astigmatism group(r=0.53; ANOVA F=32.40, N=87, P<0.05) and oblique astigmatism group (r=0.53ANOVA F=5.14, N=15, P<0.001). However it was very low (r=0.09; ANOVA F=0.18, N=22, P<0.001)in the against-the-rule stigmatism group. In the total group co-relation was also high (r=0.56: ANOVA F=77.80, N=173, P<0.001). Uncorrected astigmatism may cause and increase spherical refractive error.
극미세 전자소자에서 일렉트로마이그레이션에 대한 박막배선의 구조 효과
이정영,김진영 광운대학교 신기술연구소 1998 신기술연구소논문집 Vol.27 No.-
배선의 구조와 절연보호막이 일렉트로마이그레이션(electromigration)에 미치는 영향을 연구하였다. Al-1%Si를 배선물질로 하여 여러 가지 형태와 면적을 가지는 배선을 형성하였고 PSG와 TEOS를 절연보호막으로 사용하였다. 수명시간의 비교에서 직선형배선이 선쪽에 변화를 가지는 배선보다 1.5-2배 정도 긴 수명시간을 갖는다. 또한 변화의 면적이 커질수록 그리고 변화의 각이 커질수록 배선의 수명시간은 감소한다. 이것은 선폭의 변화로 인해 전류밀도와 구조가 변화하게 되고 이러한 전류밀도와 구조의 변화는 국부적인 온도구배와전류 크라우딩을 발생시켜서 박막배선의 수명시간을 감소시킨다. 절연보호막효과에서 PSG률 절연보호막으로 사용한 배선이 TEOS를 절연보호막으로 사용한 배선보다 수명시간이 길게 나타났다. 이것은 PSG가 tensile stress를 가지기 때문에 배선에서 발생하는 물질이동을 억제하기 때문이다. Geometry and dielectric passivation effects on the electromigration were investigated. Al-1%Si thin film interconnections with various shapes were fabricated by using a standard photolithography. PSG and TESO were used for dielectric passivation. In comparison of lifetime straight Patterns showed 1.5~2 times longer than patterns which have variation of linewidth. As the variations of area and an91e become larger, the lifetimes of thin film interconnections appear reduced . Geometry with variation of linewidth causes local change of current density in thin film interconnections. which results local temperature divergence and current crowding. It decreases the lifetime of thin film interconnection. In dielectric passivation effects , the lifetime of PSG passivation showed longer lifetime than that of TEOS passivation. It is considered that PSG results tensile stress. which reduces the mass transport in thin film interconnection.
이정영 한국고전중세르네상스영문학회 2012 중세근세영문학 Vol.22 No.1
This paper aims to analyze John Donne’s Biathanatos, which has paradoxical and ambivalent elements in the light of contemporary context. In the first place, this prose can be read as revealing madness of Death. During the Renaissance, madness was regarded as connected with God and evil. According to Roy Porter, people believed that they could meet God through good madness and people who were obsessed with bad madness committed suicide. This suggests that Donne’s Biathanatos is an effusion of madness. Donne believed that he could meet God by accomplishing death. Thus he considers suicide as a good way to overcome the fear of death. Donne refutes the traditional idea that suicide is sin for God and Nature. He explains that committing suicide is not so evil because things that we call sin and evil have been done by God. Donne also insists that Christ committed suicide himself, which might seem to be blasphemous at that time. Subversive elements of Biathanatos show the reason why this book was published after his death. Secondly, Biathanatos can be also read as implicating Donne’s political desire. Donne betrays his Faith and becomes an apostate to succeed in life. Donne takes martyrdom as an important theme in Biathanatos. He expresses doubt about the real intention of Catholic martyrs regarding martyrdom as personal madness. Then, in order to flatter James I, Donne writes Pseudo-Martyr, which forces English Catholics to take the Oath of Allegiance to James I. As Arthur Marotti observed, Donne tried to present himself as what he attempted to show. Thus Donne officially adopts a public persona as preacher and Dean while he suppresses his own madness because of his restless desire for worldly success. Consequently this makes Biathanatos ambivalent and paradoxical.