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이무철 ( Moo Chul Lee ) 북한연구학회 2005 北韓硏究學會報 Vol.9 No.1
This article classify socialist economy management system into two kinds of decentralization of according to administrative decentralization(`deconcentration`) and economic decentralization(`delegation`). Based on reviews of socialist systems` decentralization, this article studied central-local relations in North Korea. The central-local relations in North Korea is formed in the early 1960s, and is institutionalized in the middle of 1970s. The central-local relations in North Korea classified administrative decentralization(`deconcentration`). With North Korea faced with a general problem in state capability from 1990s, it doesn`t have any economic method to control the strengthened economic decentralization, so it is inevitable for North Korea Authority to institutionalize a strong self-reliant system of the locals and enterprises. This kind of change means The central-local relations in North Korea is in the process of shifting from administrative decentralization(`deconcentration`) to economic decentralization(`delegation`). Since exclusive right of the state to distribute national resources has been weaken and North Korean authority cannot use the right to control the system any longer, it can`t help accepting institutionalizing administrative decentralization(`deconcentration`) and partly economic decentralization(`delegation`). Since 1997, the Kim Jung-Il`s regime has delivered several actions such as the institutionalization of the independence of locals, and the reformation of economic management system. Especially, `7.1 policy` can be interpreted as the early stage of socialist market system. I believe that the North Korean leaders of 1990s accept and institutionalize the reality of the social economic circumstances. As the result, the central-local relations in North Korea would become enlargement of economic decentralization and marketization.
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이무철(Moo Chul Lee) 한국정치학회 2006 한국정치학회보 Vol.40 No.1
본 연구는 사회주의 경제관리체제의 분권화를 행정적 분권화(권한분산)와 경제적 분권화(권한위임)로 분류하고, 경제개혁 과정에서 분권화와 시장화의 상호작용을 설명하였다. 그리고 이를 기반으로 북한사례를 분석하였다. 북한은 국가능력 약화 경향 속에서 확대된 경제적 분권화 현상을 제어할 수 있는 경제적 수단을 확보하고 있지 못한 상황이다. 결국 북한 지도부의 정책적 대응은 수동적으로 지방과 기업의 자율권 확대를 제도적으로 뒷받침하고 있을 뿐이다. 그 내용을 보면 행정적 분권화(권한 분산)에서 경제적 분권화(권한 위임)로 전환하는 과도기적 조치의 성격을 갖고 있다고 할 수 있다. 경제적 분권화는 경제관리권의 행사를 뒷받침할 수 있는 자원배분권의 당·국가 독점의 분권화, 즉 계획에 의한 자원배분에서 시장에 의한 자원배분 메커니즘의 도입 필요성을 증대시킬 수밖에 없다. 다시 말해 시장화의 확대를 요구할 수밖에 없다. 현재의 조건에서 북한 지도부는 지속적인 사회경제적 현실변화 → 수동적 개혁 → 사회경제적 현실 변화의 순환을 경제개혁의 성공과 관계없이 반복해 나갈 것으로 전망된다. 이 과정에서 수동적 개혁은 점진적일 수밖에 없으며, 그 내용은 경제적 분권화 및 시장화의 확대를 내포할 수밖에 없을 것이다. This article classify socialist economy management system into two kinds of decentralization of according to administrative'decentralization('deconcentration') and economic decentralization('delegation'), and explained political-economic interactive process between decentralization and marketization in economic reform. Based on reviews of socialist systems' decentralization, this article studied case of North Korea. With North Korea faced with a general problem in state capability, it doesn't have any economic method to control the strengthened economic decentralization, so it is inevitable for North Korea Authority to institutionalize a strong self-reliant system of the locals and enterprises. This kind of change means North Korean economic system is in the process of shifting from administrative decentralization('deconcentration') to economic decentralization('delegation'). Economic decentralization has led to decentralization of national resource distribution by the party and the state. It means that North Korea has to change its distribution mechanism more and more from by 'plan' to by 'market'. In other words, economic decentralization is directly related to enlargement of market system. Because of positive influence between economic decentralization and marketization, they demand other's enlargement over and over. In this situation, North Korean leaders would be prospected to take the policy which is reflected by the process of 'social and economic change → passive reform → social and economic change' no matter what the reform goes to wherever. Shortly, this passive reform should be 'incremental' rather than 'innovational', but its direction would become enlargement of economic decentralization and marketization.
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학술논문4 : 김정은 체제의 군사,안보정책과 남북관계 전망
이무철 ( Moo Chul Lee ) 한국군사학회 2012 군사논단 Vol.72 No.-
This article evaluates North Korea`s overall military-security policy and its strategy. After that, it tries to analyse the military-security policy of former Kim Jeong-il regime under the condition of the post-Cold War. Then, it tries to analyse the military-security policy in present Kim Jeong-eun regime and the inter-Korean relations on the basis according to its legacy. The military-security policy in Kim Jeong-eun regime could be shown as various ways, depending on the policies of South Korea and its neighboring countries. In the North There are still both possibility of that Korean Peninsula will continue under the direction of increasing instability, or it will be on the chapter of reconciliation and cooperation with the policies of South Korea and its neighboring countries. To make North Korea move to our favorable site, South Korea continue to devour its efforts to solve the nuclear issue, to restore the inter-Korean relations, and to achieve reunification goal in the condition of North Korea`s political, economic and social change.
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