착색단고추 품종에 따른 복숭아혹진딧물의 발육특성 및 섭식행동

윤규식,서미자,강민아,권혜리,박민우,조신혁,유용만,윤영남,Yoon, Kyu-Sik,Seo, Mi-Ja,Kang, Min-Ah,Kwon, Hye-Ri,Park, Min-Woo,Jo, Shin-Hyuk,Yu, Yong-Man,Youn, Young-Nam 한국응용곤충학회 2011 한국응용곤충학회지 Vol.50 No.4

우리나라에서 재배되고 있는 착색단고추에 주로 피해를 주는 복숭아혹진딧물과 국내 전남지 역의 착색단고추 수출농가에서 많이 재배되고 있는 품종중 15품종을 선발하여 각각의 EPG 패턴과 섭식행동간의 관계를 알아보고 생명표작성 조사를 통한 생태학적 연구를 통해 품종간 비교연구를 수행하였다. 복숭아혹진딧물의 실질적인 섭식행동패턴인 체관부 섭식패턴과 구침을 빼고 있는 패턴의 시간과 빈도를 조사한 결과, Ferrari, Jinju, Debla, Rapido품종에서 체관부 섭식시간은 길고 구침을 빼고 있는 시간은 짧게 기록되었다. 반면에 Orobell, Thialf품종에서의 체관부 섭식시간은 상대적으로 짧았으며 구침을 빼고 있는 시간은 높게 나타났다. 수명, 생식기간 및 산자수, 내적자연증가율을 확인하여 품종간 비교한 결과에서도, Ferrari, Debla, Orange glory Jinju품종에서 높게 나타났으며, Purple, GreenAce, Orobell, Thialf품종은 낮게 나타났다. 두 실험결과를 토대로 실험에 이용한 15개 착색단고추 품종 중 복숭아혹진딧물이 선호하는 품종은 Ferrari, Jinju, Orange glory, Debla였으며, Purple, Orobell, Thialf품종은 선호하지 않는 품종으로 판단된다. To investigate host preferencse of Myzus persicae on 15 sweet pepper cultivars grown in Jeonnam Province, EPG (electrical penetration graph) and life table experiments were carried out in the laboratory. Phloem phase times were significantly longer on Ferrari, Jinju, Debla, and Rapido than Orobell and Thialf. Non-penetration times were conversely observed. Life span, reproduction period, total fecundity, and intrinsic rate of increase ($r_m$) of M. persicae, were higher on Ferrari, Debla, Orange glory, and Jinju than on Purple, GreenAce, Orobell, and Thialf. On the bases of these results, we conclude that M. persicae preferred Ferrari, Jinju, Orange glory, and Debla among the 15 tested sweet pepper varieties. However, we could not show the preference of the aphid for Purple, Orobell, and Thialf.

학술논문: 북한의 사이버전 능력과 위협 전망

윤규식 ( Kyu Sik Yoon ) 한국군사학회 2011 군사논단 Vol.68 No.-

North Korea`s asymmetric threats includes diverse threats including Weapons of Mass Destruction(WMD) including the nuclear weapon, midget submarine, submarine, long-range artillery, 200,000 soldiers trained for special warfare, political and psychological warfare and suicide bombing as well as cyber and electronic warfare threat. With the Cheonan ship attack as the turning point, South Korea started to re-evaluate North Korea`s asymmetric threats, and recognized that it needs to build the capability to cope with the local provocation using North Korea`s conventional military strength. North Korea`s Yeonpyeong Island bombardment and the ``threat that it will turn Seoul into an ocean of the fire with nuclear attack`` made this need clear. Cyber war is no longer a war that exists only in our imagination. In 2007, Russia carried out cyber attack on the Estonia, paralyzing this nation`s national system for three weeks. In 2010, the US declared cyber space as the 5thwar ground after the ground, marine, air, and universe. North Korea is also threatening electronic warfare using the GPS along with the cyber terrorism. It is probably working on the development of the EMP bombor Stuxnet in a full-fledged manner. Our society provides a condition that facilitates North Korea`s cyber attack or espionage, but we don`t have this in case of North Korea. Of course, the asymmetry that exists in the cyber warfare is something that South Korea can easily catch up with if it makes the decision to do so, but this may not be easy due to the conditions in the South Korean society. To prepare for the North Korea`s potential cyber terrorism or threat impeccably, it is necessary to build anti cyber warfare capability at the national security level. In the longer run, it is necessary to build necessary capability by developing the ability to cope with all types of cyber wars to ensure competition with the surrounding nations. When South Korea fails to cope with the North Korea`s cyber attack or terrorism in an effective manner, this is bound to cause major confusion and damage in the society in its entirety, needless to mention the military. Accordingly, it is necessary to recognize that the development of the protection measures against North Korea`s cyber attack is a very urgent national security matter.

중·고등학교 축구선수의 기본심리욕구와 훈련관여의 관계

윤규식 ( Yoon Kyu-sik ),성창훈 ( Sung Chang-hoon ),장채욱 ( Jang Chae-ouk ) 인천대학교 스포츠과학연구소 2015 스포츠科學硏究誌 Vol.28 No.0

본 연구는 중·고등학교 축구선수의 기본심리욕구만족과 훈련관여의 관계를 검증하기 위한 목적으로 수행되었다. 이를 위해 314명의 중·고등학교 축구선수를 대상으로 기본심리욕구와 훈련관여 척도를 활용하여 조사하였다. 분석결과, 첫째, 학교급에 따른 기본심리욕구 결과에서는 중·고등학교 선수들의 유의한 차이는 없었으나 평균점수에서 자율성은 중학교 선수가, 유능성은 고등학교 선수가 높게 나타났으며, 관계성은 중·고등학교 선수가 동일하게 나타났다. 또한 훈련관여는 중학교 선수가 고등학교 선수보다 인지적 관여와 행동적 관여가 높은 것으로 나타났다. 둘째, 기본심리욕구와 훈련관여의 상관관계는 정적인 상관관계가 있는 것으로 나타났으며, 이를 다변량 회귀분석한 결과 자율성욕구는 훈련관여의 모든 요인, 유능성욕구는 인지적 관여와 주도적 관여, 그리고 관계성욕구는 정서적 관여, 행동적 관여, 주도적 관여에 유의한 영향을 나타내었다. The purpose of this study is to verify relationship between basic psychological need and training engagement of middle and high school football players. For the purpose of the study, 314 middle and high school football players were extracted with an intentional sampling method and data obtained utilizing basic psychological needs measure and training engagement measure was analyzed. Firstly, as a result of basic psychological needs when it comes to school level, there was no significant difference between middle school and high school football players, but when it comes to autonomy, middle school football players show higher average score, for competence, high school football players show higher, for relationship, middle school and high school players show the same, for training engagement, middle school players show higher cognitive and behavioral involvement than high school players. Secondly, as a result of analysing a correlation in oder to investigate a relationship between basic psychological needs and training engagement, it was found that there is a positive correlation between basic psychological needs and training engagement, and as a result of conducting a multi-variate regression analysis, all three elements of basic psychological needs showed significant and both school level showed significant. Lastly, as a result of conducting a regression analysis in order to investigate the relative influence of basic psychological needs on training engagement, autonomy needs have a significant influence on all elements of training engagement, competence needs have a significant influence on cognitive and leadership involvement and relationship needs have significant influence on emotional involvement, behavioral involvement and leadership involvement.

하악골 전돌증을 동반한 안모비대칭의 유형 분석

윤규식(Kyu-Sik Yoon),정영수(Young-Soo Jung),강군철(Goon-Chul Kang),박형식(Hyung-Sik Park) 대한구강악안면외과학회 2004 대한구강악안면외과학회지 Vol.30 No.2

Object : Patients with facial asymmetry accompanying mandibular prognathism have various causes and clinical features. So, it is difficult to find a satisfactory treatment method functionally and esthetically. Every traditional classification and interpretation to find etiopathogenesis and/or to establish ideal surgical modality has many limitations because it can’t be applied simply to various conditions of patients with facial asymmetry accompanying mandibular prognathism. Therefore, we employ a new classification to interpret more details of the morphologic change of mandible and the spatial change of mandible and maxilla. Materials and Methods : Using panoramic X-ray films, PA cephalograms and submentovertex films of 126 patients diagnosed with facial asymmetry accompanying mandibular prognathism as resources, the following results were gathered after analyzing each characteristics through distributing the patterns according to the morphological mandibular asymmetry and mandibular and maxillary spatial asymmetry. Results : Almost frequency of morphological mandibular asymmetry was shown. In case of condyle-ramus elongation and body elongation group, it’s frequency was the highest. Higher frequency of compensating vertical growth was shown on the side of over growing maxilla in case of vertical length difference between left and right condyle-ramus. On the other hand, higher frequency of no compensating vertical growth difference between left and right side was shown in case of no vertical length difference in condyleramus. Spatial mandibular asymmetry generally occurred when there was no morphological mandibular asymmetry. Correlation between condyle length difference and condyle-ramus length difference between left and right side was very high, but correlation between condyle length difference and body length difference, and correlation between condyle length difference and body vertical length difference was low. Conclusion : In case of patients with facial asymmetry accompanying mandibular prognathism, it is suggested that various pattern of facial asymmetry is occurred by the independent growth of each unit rather than dependent growth of other unit by major growth unit abnormality. Due to the untypical pattern and the various asymmetry occurring according to the changes of each mandibular growth unit, it is considered that an appropriate surgical method should be searched based on the accurate recognition of the each pattern for patients with facial asymmetry accompanying mandibular prognathism.

학술논문 : 특집논문 ; 북한 3대 세습체제에 따른 북한의 변화와 대남 영향 : 김정은 후계체제와 북한의 군사위협

윤규식 ( Kyu Sik Yoon ) 한국군사학회 2010 군사논단 Vol.64 No.-

The transfer of power in North Korea provides an emergency situation to South Korea. There was a large military provocation towards South Korea when the power of Kim Il-sung was transferred to Kim Jung-il. There is currently a military threat of North Korea towards South Korea as the power of Kim Jung-il is being transferred to Kim Jung-eun at the moment. The decision of Kim Jung-il to appoint Kim Jung-eun on the top position in the army through the Party Representative Meeting was a preview for the military provocation towards South Korea. The easiest way to show the military ability in the successor`s point of view is the military provocation towards South Korea. Therefore, the theory that the instigator of the Cheonan Vessel incident and the bombing provocation in Yeonpyeong Island is Kim Jung-eun is becoming persuasive. As Kim Il-sung started the Korean War by believing the revolt of the left-wing influence in South Korea, the division of the public opinions in the Korean society in regard to the Cheonan Vessel incident seems to be the biggest factor which has caused the "Yeonpyeong Provocation" of North Korea. The internal dispute in Korea in regard to the sinkage of the Cheonan Vessel can be definitely regarded as the factor which has made the North Korean government to decide another provocation more easily. The most popular comment over the last decade under the rule of the past government has been "Peace must be bought with money." Such a comment has probably been adopted to rationalize the situation of helping North Korea endlessly without providing a definite solution. The money which the people of South Korea provided to buy peace has come back to us like a boomerang in such forms as nuclear weapons, submarines, coast batteries and howitzers. The truth which we can be aware of through the history is that "Peace can never be bought with money." The idea that the North Korean government will give up nuclear weapons when all of its desires are satisfied is naive. Instead, such an idea will strengthen the position of North Korea and make its strategy more effective. That is the painful lesson which we could get through the negotiation with North Korea, which we have executed over the last two decades to make North Korea give up its nuclear weapons. Therefore, it can be said that "There is no future for the people who do not learn anything from the history." With the bombing provocation by North Korean in Yeonpyeong Island, it has been proved that there is no possibility of actualization for the expansion of reconciliation and cooperation between two Koreas through the improvement of the relationship with North Korea. North Korea has not been changed at all for several decades, because the army is the core basis of power in regard to the hereditary system over three generations. The North Korean army is fundamentally conservative. It is the group which is far from communication and reconciliation. Even when the conversation between two Koreas was active, North Korea showed the twofold action of executing the military provocation. The `brinkmanship` has been often used to establish beneficial conditions in the process of foreign negotiation. The North Korean government has specified the regulations of the Labor Party through the Party Representative Meeting. By using the "Military-First" policy, the North Korean government has specified its position of executing the military-based policy. This is why it is inevitable to expect the military collision on the Korean peninsula. Also, this is why the diplomacy and the military strategy in the period under the ruling of Kim Jung-il are continued inevitably in the period under the ruling of Kim Jung-eun. For the stable management of the hereditary system, the North Korean government will continue to cause military threat and provocation according to the needs.

학술논문 : 북한의 군사동향이 한반도 안보에 미치는 영향

윤규식 ( Kyu Sik Yoon ) 한국군사학회 2013 군사논단 Vol.76 No.-

북한 사회의 통제실상과 변화 가능성 연구 -북한의 사회실상을 중심으로-

윤규식 ( Yoon Kyu-sik ) 한국군사학회 2017 군사논단 Vol.90 No.-

Changes in North Korean society are bound to represent the desire of its residents for changes. In recent years, the increase in overseas travelers, spread of Hally(Korean Wave), rising number of tourists, dissemination of information, driven by marketplace, and exponential increase in the supply of mobile phones reflect the steady increase of external information in the North Korean society. In other words, the wave of change in North Korea is a trend that cannot be precluded by the North Korean regime. Nevertheless, North Korea is refusing to change the system. North Korea is operated by top leader-based dictatorship system that suppresses political participation of residents, denies autonomy and choice of individuals based on collectivism and planned economy, and presses ahead with discrimination system based on backgrounds of people. In addition, human rights and freedoms of residents are extensively infringed upon as North Korea is a totalitarian society that denies social diversity. Kim Jung-Eun is afraid of changes in North Korea society which may bring about coup d`etat(coup) or anti-government uprising by the military, public security, and powerful agencies inside North Korea. Currently, North Korea is suppressed by fear and tyrannical rule, but it is doubtful how long such rule of tyranny will be able to be sustained. The execution of more than 140 high-ranking officials after Kim Jung-Eun took power reveals Kim Jung-Eun`s idea of internal rebellion. Another threat perceived by Kim Jung-Eun is the popular uprising by the public plagued by economic hardship. In the era of Kim Jung-Eun, some economic indicators have been improving, but overall lives of whole population have not ameliorated. Kim Jung-Eun has taken some market-oriented economic reform measures to improve the lives of residents, but drastic reform cannot be implemented because market liberalization will ultimately usher in political freedom. The desire for change in the North Korean society will become intensified over time and will not be suppressed through the power of public security agencies forever. Therefore, positive changes, such as economic development or dissemination of information, should be further promoted by the external world to induce changes in the North Korean society. Expanding the inflow of external information, including the Hallyu(Korean Wave), will lead the North Koreans to open their eyes more widely to external world, which can quicken changes in North Korea from within.

학술논문3 : 2014년 북한의 군사동향에 나타난 군사적 특징 연구 -2014년 후반기 군사동향을 중심으로-

윤규식 ( Kyu Sik Yoon ) 한국군사학회 2015 군사논단 Vol.81 No.-

2015 Unification War being prepared by Kim Jung-un may be an existing threat if it is considered from the viewpoint of North Korean press report. The need to strengthen military posture in 2015, the year of Unification War claimed by Kim Jung-un, arises from excessive boldness and violence of the young leader. The cruelty of Kim Jung-un, which was demonstrated in his execution of Jang Sung-taek, his uncle, in December 2013, proves that he has personality with inclination towards daredevil military adventurism in certain situation. In addition, Kim Jung-un``s visit of military base has jumped from 53 times in 2013 to 85 times in 2014, which implies that the North Korea is focusing on mobilizing all national capabilities for war preparation. Based on that, we analyzed the military trends of the North Korea in the second half of 2014 and evaluated the military characteristics as described below. From the standpoint of Kim Jung-un``s modern warfare, the military trends of the North Korea can be characterized by .1 continuation of preparation for Unification War in 2015; .2 intensive visit to air force base; .3 continuation of stick-and-carrot tactics; .4 , increased training of special warfare forces; .5 strong response to anti-communist leaflets being sent to North Korea using the balloons; .6 build-up of asymmetric force such as nuclear weapons and missiles, etc. We need to maintain strong military preparedness to prevent the war play of the North Korea from being escalated into military conflict. Any attempt of North Korea``s military provocation should be frustrated by perfect preparedness of the South Korea which is underpinned by high-tech weaponry and ROK-U.S combined training. We need to show the North Korea that we have capability to make strong response based on a scorched-earth policy launching counterstrikes at not only the origin of provocation, but also the forces supporting it and its commanders, as well as strong Korea and US alliance.

학술논문 : 김정은 정권의 생존전략에 관한 연구 -북한체제의 문제점을 중심으로-

윤규식 ( Kyu Sik Yoon ) 한국군사학회 2013 군사논단 Vol.74 No.-

North Korea is facing the crisis to its system due to the food shortage resulting from economic difficulties, resistance from inside the power class, and the problem of defectors. The survival strategy of Kim Jeong-eun to overcome the crisis facing the North Korea`s regime was to heighten the crisis and increase the internal cohesion by threatening the nuclear war against the South Korea and the United States and escalating the fear of war. He stands firm in his belief that the only way to survival is following the deathbed injunctions of late Kim Jeong-il faithfully by pursuing the nuclear weapon and missile programs. The power struggle will begin if the distrust in Kim Jeon-eun spreads amid the heightening crisis to the North Korean regime. A military provocation will be attempted to maintain the North Korean regime with Kim Dynasty holding tight rein. Traditionally, North Korea often resorted to the hawk and dove approach alternately, engaging in dialogue in parallel with military provocation. North Korea focused on military provocation at the end of Kim Jeong-il`s ruling period. Furthermore, the intensity of provocation increased over time in a series of military attacks ranging from the naval battle in the West Sea, through the sinking of Cheonan frigate, to the shelling of Yeonpyeong Island. With the military hawks occupying the core positions in the North Korean regime, Kim Jeong-eun will find it difficult to resist the temptation to attack the South Korea if the military adventurism heightens amid the escalating crisis to the regime. North Korea will attempt to overcome the crisis while heightening the Korean Peninsula risk to the maximum. As it is difficult to live with the risks from the North Korea, it is the time that the government should take the lead in establishing the strategy for the North Korea regime change, i.e., the regime change strategy.

학술논문3 : 북한의 군부 개편이 대남 도발에 미치는 영향

윤규식 ( Kyu Sik Yoon ) 한국군사학회 2012 군사논단 Vol.72 No.-

It is not easy to expect which effects the military shakeup of North Korea has on the provocation to South Korea. Also it is hard to think if he may lead to provoke South Korea, even though one`s character is hardness and combative nature. Because it is that if the North Korean Army commits to provoke South Korea, generally, it needs to be given approval by Kim Jeong-eun, the supreme commander. Of course, there is exception. It is that the military makes the case first, and then they may report it after. Or while the case is already happened, it may be given an cx post facto approval. However, it is different condition in the case when Kim Jeong-eun, who has the right for the final decision of the military provocation, doesn`t have military career and has a poor ability of the logic of the situation due to a young age. If the military commander decides to provoke South Korea considering the political dynamic relationship such as an interior crisis management and the reinforcement of the militarists, there is high possibility of being obtained approval by him. This is the reason why we are worrying that a person who has a type of field warfare and hardness may be placed in the key cabin position of the North Korean Army during the military shakeup of North Korea. In such sense, the housecleaning of the key executives of the militarists in which Kim Jeongeun is leading whole North Korean Army has great implications for us. Especially, the housecleaning of the prime power at this point of time when the interior condition of North Korea is moving toward the worst condition is that we are bound to be anxious for the provocation to South Korea, considering the combativity of North Korea. Whenever the North Korea was in dangerous, they have used willingly the strategy that makes a crisis. Now there exists an opinion that the establishment of North Korea is shaking and the group of the power structure`s children has escaped from North Korea. While there are a steady increase of North Korean defector, spread of the Korean wave such as South Korean drama and film and flooding of sing and goods, and besides while a shortage of food is deepening to make matters worse, expectation and truth to government has been destroying rapidly. In such domestic and foreign crisis condition, the easy strategy that North Korea may decide for binding together their system and controlling their interior is the provocation to South Korea. The condition that they have to be tempted by an attack card engaging with the present military shakeup has been forming.