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Characterizing Bacterial Communities of Paddy Soils in Korea
Hang-Yeon Weon(원항연),Jae-Ho Joa(좌재호),Won-Il Choi(최원일),Byung-Koo Ahn(안병구),Young-Han Lee(이영한),An-Sung Roh(노안성),Hee-Kwon Kim(김희권),Seung-Chul Choi(최승출),Moon-Tae Choi(최문태),Jun-Hong Park(박준홍),Jae-Hyung Ahn(안 한국토양비료학회 2012 한국토양비료학회 학술발표회 초록집 Vol.2012 No.6
장수풍뎅이 유충의 분변에 존재하는 방선균의 다양성 및 항균활성
이혜원,안재형,김민욱,원항연,송재경,이성재,김병용,Lee, Hye-Won,Ahn, Jae-Hyung,Kim, Minwook,Weon, Hang-Yeon,Song, Jaekyeong,Lee, Sung-Jae,Kim, Byung-Yong 한국미생물학회 2013 미생물학회지 Vol.49 No.2
방선균은 의약, 농업 및 식품 생산 등에 유용하게 사용되는 이차대사물질을 생산하는 미생물 자원으로 자연환경 내에서 많은 생물들과 긴밀한 상호작용을 유지하고 있다. 본 연구에서는 장수풍뎅이 유충의 분변에 존재하는 방선균의 다양성과 기능성을 조사하기 위해서 비배양적 접근과 배양적 방법으로 실험을 수행하였다. 먼저 시료로부터 직접 추출한 community DNA에서 방선균-특이 primer를 이용하여 방선균의 16S rRNA 유전자를 PCR로 증폭, 클로닝한 후에 각 clone에 삽입된 염기서열을 분석하였다. 총 37개의 염기서열을 얻었으며 계통분류학적 분석을 수행한 결과, 15속 24종으로 분류되었다. 아울러 53개의 방선균 균주를 장수풍뎅이 유충 분변으로부터 분리하였다. 형태학적 특징을 비교하여 최종적으로 27개의 균주를 선발하여 다양성, 항균활성 및 생화학적 특징을 검정하였다. 분리된 균주들은 4속 14종으로 분류되었으며, 24균주(89%)는 Streptomyces 속으로 분류되었다. 대다수의 균주들이 식물병원성 곰팡이와 그람양성 세균에 대해 길항 효과를 보였다. 또한 많은 균주들이 셀룰로오스와 카제인을 분해하는 생화학적 특징을 보였다. 본 연구를 통해, 장수풍뎅이 유충의 분변 시료로부터 다양한 방선균이 분리될 수 있으며, 분리된 균주들은 다양한 항균효과 및 효소활성을 지니고 있다는 것을 확인하였다. 결론적으로 본 연구는 장수풍뎅이와 같은 곤충의 장과 분변은 다양한 방선균의 서식처이며, 이곳에서 유용한 생리활성 물질을 발견할 수 있다는 것을 제시한다. Actinomycetes produce diverse secondary metabolites which have the primary importance in medicine, agriculture and food production, and key to this is their ability to interact with other organisms in natural habitats. In this study, we have investigated the taxonomical and functional diversity of actinomycetes in fecal sample of rhinoceros beetle larvae (Allomyrina dichotoma L.) by using culture-dependent and -independent approaches. For the culture-independent approach, the community DNA was extracted from the sample and 16S rRNA genes of actinomycetes were amplified using actinomycetes-specific PCR primers. Thirty-seven clones were classified into 15 genera and 24 species of actinomycetes. For the culture-dependent approach, 53 strains were isolated from larval feces, of which 27 isolates were selected based on morphological characteristics. The isolates were classified into 4 genera and 14 species, and 24 isolates (89%) were identified as the genus Streptomyces. Many of the representative isolates had antimicrobial activities against plant pathogenic fungi and Gram-positive bacteria. In addition, most of the isolates (78%) showed biochemical properties to hydrolyze cellulose and casein. The results demonstrated that diverse and valuable actinomycetes could be isolated from insect fecal samples, indicating that insect guts can be rich sources for novel bioactive compounds.
RFLP, PLFA, CLSU를 이용한 폐기물연용토양의 토양미생물 특성 평가 비교
장갑열(Kab-Yeul Jang),원항연(Hang-Yeon Weon),이강효(Kang-Hyo Lee),권순익(Sun-Ik Kwon),공원식(Won-sik Kong),서장선(Jang-sun Suh),성재모(Jae-Mo Sung) 한국토양비료학회 2008 한국토양비료학회지 Vol.42 No.6
The application of sludge wastes into agricultural fields has been increasing annually in Korea. In particular, sewage sludge application has been widely accepted in decades. Sewage sludge application aid in the recycling of essential nutrients and act as a source of organic matter improving the structure and water-holding properties of the soil. The efficient use of sludge wastes, however, requires an individual assessment of waste products. This study assessed the biological characteristics of organic waste-treated lysimeter soils and develop its indicator to assess the soil health of organic waste-treated lysimeter soils. Several analytical techniques more recently developed such as restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP), phospholipid fatty acid (PLFA), and community level substrate utilization (CLSU) fingerprints allow for detailed analyses of soil microbial communities. PLFA and RFLP was, therefore, used in the study to characterize the microbial communities in soil without the need to isolate individual fungi and bacteria. PLFA, RFLP and CLSU have been utilized to assess microbial characteristics of the lysimeter soils with four different sludge wastes for eight consecutive years. Each of these methods was analyzed for a different aspect of soil microbial characteristics. The study would disclose those methods yielded highly reproductive results for each soil and allow distinguishing the soils based on the structures of specific geneand PLFA-pools more than CLSU fingerprints. PLFA methods, especially, revealed the same relative similarities of the treated soils based on cluster analysis of the biological characteristics. Pig manure compost-treated soil, however, was only the same relative resemblance among the three methods. These results indicated that PLFA easily assessed the biological soil characterization.
한국에서 Sclerotinia minor 에 의한 쑥부쟁이 균핵병 발생
이상엽 ( Sang Yeob Lee ),최효원 ( Hyo-won Choi ),원항연 ( Hang Yeon Weon ),한지희 ( Ji Hee Han ),김다연 ( Dayeon Kim ),안성호 ( Sungho Ahn ) 한국균학회 2018 韓國菌學會誌 Vol.46 No.2
Sclerotinia rot symptoms were frequently found on the stems of Aster yomena in the Gurye region of Korea in April 2016. The symptom, watery soft rot, mainly appeared on the stems, and severely infected plants blighted. White mycelia spread over the stems of the infected plants and the soil surface. Small black sclerotia formed on the plant lesions and inside the diseased stems. Incidence of the disease was as high as 20~80% in the A. yomena fields. Based on the morphological and molecular characteristics of the isolates, the fungi were identified as Sclerotinia minor. This is the first report of Sclerotinia rot caused by Sclerotinia minor on A. yomena in Korea.
카벤다짐 분해 미생물인 Rhodococcus sp. 3-2의 대량 배양 및 미생물 제제 개발
박준경 ( Jun-kyung Park ),임성훈 ( Seonghun Im ),김정원 ( Jeong Won Kim ),지정환 ( Jung-hwan Ji ),김공민 ( Kong-min Kim ),박해성 ( Haeseong Park ),윤영석 ( Yeong-seok Yoon ),원항연 ( Hang-yeon Weon ),한귀환 ( Gui Hwan Han ) 한국환경농학회 2023 한국환경농학회지 Vol.42 No.4
Rhodococcus sp. 3-2 strain has been reported to degrade benzimidazole-based pesticides, such as benomyl and carbendazim. Therefore, this study aimed to optimize culture medium composition and culture conditions to achieve cost-effective and efficient large-scale production of the Rhodococcus sp. 3-2 strain. The study identified that the optimal media composition for mass culture comprised 0.5% glucose, 0.5% yeast extract, 0.15% NaCl, 0.5% K<sub>2</sub>HPO<sub>4</sub>, 0.5% sodium succinate, and 0.1% MgSO<sub>4</sub>. Additionally, a microbial agent was developed using a 1.5-ton fermenter, with skim milk (20%), monosodium glutamate (15%), and vitamin C (2%) as key components. The storage stability of the microbial agent has been confirmed, with advantages of low temperature conservation, which helps to sustain efficacy for at least six months. We also assessed the benomyl degradation activity of the microbial agent within field soil. The results revealed an over 90% degradation rate when the concentration of viable cells exceeded 2.65 × 10<sup>6</sup> CFU/g after a minimum of five weeks had elapsed. Based on these findings, Rhodococcus sp. 3-2 strain can be considered a cost-effective microbial agent with diverse agricultural applications.
돈분퇴비 연용이 감자재배 화산회토양의 화학성과 탈수소 효소활성에 미치는 영향
좌재호(Joa Jae-Ho),문두경(Moon Doo-Gyung),원항연(Won Hang-Yeon),고상욱(Koh Sang-Wook),현해남(Hyun Hae-Nam),이종언(Lee Chong-Eon) 한국토양비료학회 2010 한국토양비료학회지 Vol.43 No.3
This study were carried out to evaluate effect of consequent application of pig manure compost (PMC) on soil chemical properties, dehydrogenase activity, and yield of potato in volcanic ash soil. The more application rate of PMC increased, the more increased soil pH, total-nitrogen, available phosphate, exchangeable cations (K, Ca, and Mg), heavymetal (Zn and Cu)contents. When application rate of PMC and crop cultivation times increased gradually, soil dehydrogenase activity was significantly increased. After third cultivation period, dehydrogenase activity showed PMC 2 ton (3.5), PMC 4 ton (6.3), PMC 6 ton (8.0 ug TPF g<SUP>-1</SUP> 24h<SUP>-1</SUP>), respectively. The activity was twofold higher than first cultivation period. During the third cultivation period, dehydrogenase activity increased linearly comparison to Cu and Zn contents and that was correlated with Cu (R²=0.907) and Zn (R²=0.859) content, respectively. As the application rate of PMC increased, the yield of potato increased, but NPK+PMC 2 ton treatment was more higher than other treatments.
화산회토 감귤원 토양의 시비관리가 토양미생물활성 및 군집구조에 미치는 영향
좌재호(Joa Jae-Ho),한승갑(Han Seung-Gap),원항연(Won Hang-Yeon),임한철(Lim Han-Cheol),현해남(Hyun Hae-Nam),서장선(Suh Jang-Sun) 한국토양비료학회 2009 한국토양비료학회지 Vol.42 No.3
화산회토 감귤원 토양의 시비관리에 따른 토양효소활성과 인지질 지방산함량을 분석하여 토양미생물활성과 미생물군집구조에 미치는 영향을 평가하고자 수행하였다. 토양은 13년간 시비량을 달리하여 관리되고 있는 무비료구, 퇴비구, 1/2NPK+퇴비구, NPK+퇴비구, NPK구, 3NPK구에서 2007년 3, 5, 7, 9월초에 채취하여 분석하였다. Urease 활성은 3, 5, 9월에 NPK+퇴비구에서 가장 높게 나타났으며, 화학비료+퇴비구가 화학비료구보다 높았고, 3월과 5월은 NPK구>퇴비구>무비료구, 7월과 9월은 퇴비구>NPK구>무비료구순이었다. Dehydrogenase활성은 5월에 1/2NPK+퇴비구가 4.3 ug TPF g<SUP>-1</SUP> 24 h<SUP>-1</SUP>로 무비료구 2.4 ug TPFg<SUP>-1</SUP> 24 h<SUP>-1</SUP> 보다 높았고 처리간에 통계적 유의성을 나타냈다. β-glucosidase 활성은 5월에 NPK구와 1/2NPK+퇴비구가 무비료구 보다 높았으며 처리간에 유의성을 나타내었다. 3월에 인지질 지방산 총함량은 NPK+퇴비구가 349.2 n mol g<SUP>-1</SUP>로 3NPK구 228.5 n mol g<SUP>-1</SUP>보 다 높게 나타났다. 5월은 1/2NPK+퇴비구가 237.8 nmol g<SUP>-1</SUP>로 3NPK구 133.1 n mol g<SUP>-1</SUP>보다 높았다. PLFA의 Biomaker에 의한 미생물군들의 분포비율은 조사시기와 처리간에 통계적으로 유의성 있는 변화를 나타내지 않았다. 시기별로 인지질 지방산 함량을 이용하여 처리구별 미생물군집의 변화에 대한 주성분 분석결과 3월의 경우 퇴비구와 3NPK구가 다른 처리구와 다르게 군집구조를 나타냈으나 5월에는 퇴비구와 3NPK구간에 군집구조의 차이가 나타나지 않았으며, 7월과 9월에는 처리구간에 군집구조의 차이가 없었다. 화학비료 시비와 시간적 변이가 미생물 군집구조 변화에 영향을 준 것으로 판단되었다. This study was performed to evaluate effect of different fertilization management practices on soil microbial activities and community structure using soil enzyme activities and PLFA contents in volcanic ash citrus orchard soil. Six experiment plots have differently managed based on the recommended application rate(NPK) of chemical fertilizer and compost for 13 years. Experiment plots were composed of no-fertilization(control), compost only, half amount of NPK with compost (1/2NPK+COM), NPK, NPK with compost(NPK+COM), and 3 times amount of NPK(3NPK). Soil samples collected in early March, May, July, and September 2007. Urease activity was high at NPK+COM in March, May, and September. It was higher in NPK+COM than in NPK. Urease activity decreased according to the order NPK>compost>control in March and May; compost>NPK>control in July and September. Dehydrogenase activity was significantly higher in 1/2NPK+COM(4.3 ug TPF g<SUP>-1</SUP> 24 h<SUP>-1</SUP>) than in control(2.4 ug TPF g<SUP>-1</SUP> 24 h<SUP>-1</SUP>), May. β-glucosidase activity was significantly higher in NPK and 1/2NPK+COM than in control, May. In March, Total PLFA contents were higher in NPK+COM(349.2 n mol g<SUP>-1</SUP>) than in 3NPK(228.5 n mol g<SUP>-1</SUP>). And that were higher in 1/2NPK+COM(237.8 n mol g<SUP>-1</SUP>) than in 3NPK(133.1 n mol g<SUP>-1</SUP>), May. Distribution ratio of soil microbial groups by PLFA biomaker were not significantly difference in between seasonal and treatments. Principal component analysis by PLFA profiles showed that microbial community in compost and 3NPK plot were different compared with other treatments in March. But Differences in compost and 3NPK plot were not found in May. Our result showed that the change of microbial community structure affected by fertilization effect and seasonable variation.