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오수문(Oh Soo Moon,吳秀文) 일본어문학회 2015 일본어문학 Vol.69 No.-
本稿は、戦後の教育制度の制定を担った南原繁に焦点をあて考察したものである。 日本は戦後において教育制度の見直しが急がれた。連合国軍からすれば戦前の教育を容認することはできず、日本政府としては残すところは残したいというところであった。このような状況で教育改革を担ったのが教育刷新委員会であり、この機関の責任者は南原繁であった。 教育刷新委員会は連合国軍、日本政府から独立した組織であり、ほぼ自力で制度を構築した。この委員会が構築した制度は6334制、教育委員会、学校制度など多義に亘るが、どれにしても最終的な決定権を持つ責任者の意識は反映される。 よって本稿では、南原繁に焦点を当て、戦後の教育改革に南原繁がどのように関わり影響力を行使したのか、南原繁自身の教育課程を考察することで、どのような思考を持ったのか、論文、国会などで繰り返し述べた共同体という名の国家観について考察した。
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오수문(Oh Soo Moon,吳秀文) 일본어문학회 2015 일본어문학 Vol.71 No.-
In the 1980's there were more drop-outs, bullying, violence on campus, and non-attendance seen within the students. The reason for these problems were due to the cram-style education that started after the war and continued on throughout the eras in Japan. As to resolve these problem a pressure-free education curricula was created. In this new curricula, the course contents were carefully hand-picked to relieve the students' educational burden and the school hours were reduced by 30%. The necessity of pressure-free education was heavily called for during the 1980's when there was a fiercely competitive entrance exams to universities called Juken. In order to be admitted to a good university, students not only went to school but also commuted to a cramming school (juku) on their own or parent's expenses. This inclination for consistency in higher education started from middle school and through high school to aim to enter a prestigious college. The primary goal of incorporating the pressure-free education was to deter the overemphasis on knowledge. However, once the pressure-free education was incorporated it had caused a decline in the student's scholastic performance. In the IEA (International Association for the Evaluation of Education Achievement), and PISA(Programme for International Student Assement), Japan's ranking had started to fall. In addition, college students attending Japan's leading private universities took elementary grade and middle school math tests which many students failed to solve these math questions. As a result, pressure-free education was stopped and in 2010 it had closed its curtains. In this report I'd like to evaluate the necessity of the pressure free education system. ゆとり教育は1980年代に生じ始めた落ちこぼれ、校内暴力、いじめ、不登校などを戦後から続いた詰め込み式教育に原因を求め、その解消の為に目指された教育方針である。方法としては、それ以前までの授業時間を3割削減、授業内容を精選し、学生達の教育に対する負担を軽減させるというものであった。 ゆとり教育の必要性が叫ばれ始めた1980年代は、受験戦争と呼ばれる時代であった。大学に入学するために学校の授業だけでなく塾に通い、私教育が加熱していった。このような傾向は高校だけに止まらず、中高一貫教育への入学を目指し、中学にまで下がっていった。ゆとり教育は知識偏重を抑止する目的を担っていた。 しかし、その後、ゆとり教育は日本の学力低下を引き起こした。IEA、PISAなどの国際学力テストで日本の順位を落すことになった。また、日本の屈指の国立校の大学生に小学生の算数、中学生の数学などの試験をさせたところ、解けない学生が続出した。このような結果から、ゆとり教育の停止が叫ばれ、2010年にはその短い幕を下ろした。 よって、本稿ではゆとり教育が本当に必要であったのか、検証してみたいと思う。
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吳秀文(Oh Soo Moon) 일본어문학회 2018 일본어문학 Vol.83 No.-
This paper considers the value of newspaper editorials in Japanese language education in present-day Japan. The number of foreign nationals working in Japan has been increasing due to social changes. Recently, more and more Korean students have been getting employed in Japan. Unlike the past, where it was harder for foreigners to work in Japan, more and more Japanese companies are saying that if foreigners can speak Japanese, they can succeed in their job. The standard is the Japanese Language Proficiency Test, which most companies require their applicants to take, with the minimum requirement of Level 1. Some companies say that Level 2 would be sufficient for their jobs. This, however, does not mean that those students who posses the Level 1 certificate are guaranteed to obtain a job in Japan. If you have only passed Level 1 of the Japanese Language Proficiency Test, you may not be able to find a job. In interviews with students, some companies use newspaper editorials, asking questions about politics and economics. Based on the above points, the purpose of this article is to examine the value of newspaper editorials as educational materials.
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吳秀文(Oh, Soo-Moon) 일본어문학회 2021 일본어문학 Vol.95 No.-
本稿では、現在日本での製紙開始時期について610年という定説が存在するが、それ以前に製紙が行われていなかったのか、また、大宝律令の制定後、製紙がどのように行われていったのか考察を行った。 日本書記の推古天皇の項では、製紙技術をもった曇徵が610年に日本にやってきたとしており、このことにより日本での製紙の歴史が始まったとするのが定説となっている。しかし、それより遥か以前にも日本へ紙は伝わっており、當時の為政者が製紙技術に関心をもたなかったとするには些か無理がある。よって、610年以前にも製紙が行われていたと可能性について論述した。 また、701年に大宝律令が制定された後、紙の生産を管理する組織として図書寮が置かれた。紙の使用は都にとどまらず拡大の一途を辿り、紙の生産量、紙の種類が増加した。製紙技術は全国に広がり、紙の生産は全国的なものとなっていった。 It is widely assumed that the year when paper manufacturing was derived is 610, but the present article critically examines it and also considers how paper manufacturing has been conducted after the enactment of Taihō Code. According to the entry of Empress Suiko in Nihon Shoki, Damjing came to Japan with the technique of paper manufacturing in 610. This entry has been a basis for the assumption that paper manufacturing started in 610 in Japan. It is, however, not convincing to hold that paper manufacturing was not conducted before 610. This article, then, considers a possibility that paper manufacturing was derived prior to 610. Also, after the enactment of Taihō Code in 701, the Zushorhō, an institution for managing the production of paper, was established. Use of paper had since been growing; concomitantly, the production of paper was accelerated, and more varieties of paper became available. Paper-manufacturing techniques became widespread across the nation, and paper was produced nationwide.
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吳洙彰(OH, Soo-chang) 한국고전번역원 2016 民族文化 Vol.47 No.-
『日省錄』 정조대 부분이 모두 번역됨으로써 사회과학자를 포함한 다양한 분야의 연구자들이 조선시대 연대기들을 더욱 자유롭게 이용하게 되었다. 한국사 연구자들이 연구 시각과 영역을 확대하여 정조 연간의 자료를 좀 더 체계적으로 검토하고, 다른 분야 연구자들의 노력과 상승효과를 누릴 방안에 대해 방법론적인 검토를 강화하여야 할 때이다. 과거에서 현재로 시간이 흘러온 방향을 上에서 下쪽이라고 할 때, 지금까지 한국 역사 서술은 주로 ‘上而下’의 방식을 선택해 왔다. 학자들이 연구 주제를 선택한 다음에는 대개 앞선 시대의 상황이 시간의 흐름에 따라 어떻게 변해갔는가 하는 데 초점을 맞추어 온 것이다. ‘上而下’의 역사 연구는 과거의 상황을 재현하는 데 충실하지만 과거 역사가 오늘날의 삶과 어떤 관계에 있는지에 대해 적극적으로 이해하는데 불리하다. 거기에 비해 ‘下而上’의 방법을 쓴다면 연구 주제의 설정은 물론 최종 결론을 맺기에 이르기까지 역사 연구자가 놓여있는 현실의 문제의식과 시각을 더욱 적극적으로 반영할 수 있다. 특히 18세기 후반 정조연간은 군주의 치밀한 국정운영과 『일성록』 등의 방대한 자료 위에서 ‘下而上’의 방법이 가장 큰 성과를 올릴 수 있는 시기라고 생각한다. 이 논문에서는 대한민국의 현행 헌법, 특히 ① 전문 ② 제1장 총강 ③ 제2장 국민의 권리와 의무의 각 조항에서 출발하는 시선과 문제의식에 주목하고자 한다. 조선시대 교육사의 사례를 검토해 볼 때 지금까지의 한국사 연구가, 헌법의 교육 관련 조항에 반영된 오늘날의 절실한 문제의식과는 매우 동떨어져 있음이 확인된다. 구체적으로 헌법에 규정된 ① 主權者 ② 軍의 정치적 중립성이라는 두 주제에 대해 조선시대의 기본질서를 점검하고 정조연간의 역사상을 재검토하였다. 헌법의 문제의식을 바탕으로 새로운 각도에서 조선시대 특히 정조연간에 접근할 때, 지금까지의 통설과는 다른 방향에서 그 시대를 설명하고 평가하게 된다는 사실을 확인하였다. 한편 오늘날 가치와 규범으로 과거에 접근할 때 마주치게 될 왜곡의 위험성 등, ‘下而上’의 역사 탐구에 내재된 문제점을 점검하고 한층 깊은 역사 이해에 도달하기 위해 비교사가 필요하다는 사실도 확인하였다. Now that a Korean translation of the parts of the Ilseong rok pertaining to King Jeongjo is now available to scholars, Korean historians should consider conducting cross-disciplinary studies with their colleagues. The author employs a “counter-temporal” (下而上) approach which is adapted from the idea of Jeong Yagyong. This approach views the history of the Joseon period from the contemporary perspective of social issues; this is in contrast to the conventional research tendency of Korean historiography, which focuses on the historical past and its change over time. Specifically, the author proposes to project principles and values reflected in the current ROK constitution into the historical study of King Jongjo’s era and its records, such as the Ilseong rok. This paper deals with two main issues. The first is the concept of sovereignty. Many incidents and institutes during the Joseon period, including the royal household, queen mothers, and the King Jeongjo’s policies begin to show entirely new aspects when the modern concept of sovereignty is applied to the past. The second is the principle of military neutrality. Both the Joseon state and society kept military men from intervening politically to an extent that was rarely accomplished previously in the pre-modern era. King Jeongjo’s military policies, which had been characterized by their progressiveness, can be interpreted anew as a retreat from the military’s political neutrality. Risks and problems inevitably arise when we consider contemporary issues in the historical past. Still, for historians who stand in the present and look into the previous world, it is their duty to be alert to the risks of distortion and misunderstanding. King Jeongjo’s reign made great political and cultural changes and yielded vast numbers of historical records incomparable to those of any other period. The adoption of the counter-temporal method in the study of Korean history will reward us with a lot of new information and interpretations, especially with regard to King Jeongjo’s reign and its records.
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