전침자극이 흰쥐척수후각세포의 유해자극반응에 미치는 효과의 특성

신홍기,박동석,이서은,김진혁,Shin, Hong-kee,Park, Dong-suk,Lee, Seo-eun,Kim, Jin-hyuk 대한침구의학회 2002 대한침구의학회지 Vol.19 No.4

This experiment was designed to investigate the effects of electroacupuncture (EA) on chronic pains and factors that affected EA effects. The responses of wide dynamic range (WDR) cells to electrical stimulation of $A{\delta}$ & C afferent fibers were used as an index of pain in rats with chronic pains induced by intraplantar injection of complete Freund's adjuvant or peripheral nerve injury. In rats with chronic pains, low (2Hz) and high (100Hz) frequency EA stimulation applied to zusanli caused the inhibition of WDR cell responses in about 60% of rats and the inhibitory actions were dependent on the stimulus strength. EA stimulation also induced an excitation of WDR cell responses in 23.9% of rats and no effect in 15.8% of rats. However, it seemed that in normal rats compared to the rat with chronic pains, the incidence of which EA stimulation caused the excitation or no effect was high. Reversible spinalization almost completely blocked EA-induced inhibitory or excitatory effects. EA stimulation more frequently induced the excitation of WDR cell responses in lightly anesthetized (0.6%) rats and the enhanced responses of WDR cells were inhibited by EA stimulation in the rat anesthetized with 1.5% enflurane. These experimental findings suggest that in rats with chronic pain, EA stimulation inhibited WDR cell responses to slow $A{\delta}$ and C fiber stimulation and EA-induced inhibitory action was under the control of descending inhibitory system and degree of anesthesia.

상엽(桑葉)(Morus alba Linne)의 혈압강하작용(血壓降下作用)

신홍기,김기순,이경로,Shin, Hong-Kee,Kim, Kee-Soon,Lee, Kyung-Ro 대한생리학회 1979 대한생리학회지 Vol.13 No.1

The present study was undertaken to investigate effect of water extracts of the mulberry leaves (MWE) on arterial blood pressure and respiration in cats. And also studied were depressor responses to intravenously administered MWE in the animals pretreated separately with atropine(2.5 mg/kg), propranolol(2 mg/kg), dibenamine (15 mg/kg), and hexamethonium (1.5 mg/kg) in order to find out the mechanism of depressor activity of MWE. The results obtained were as follows; 1) Following intravenous administration of 0.25 ml/kg and 0.5 ml/kg of MWE into the cat the maximum depressor responses observed were $60.2{\pm}2.3\;mmHg$ and $72.3{\pm}1.7\;mmHg$ respectively. 2) Since depressor responses to intravenously administered MWE were partially inhibited by hexamethonium and markedly by atropine, it is strongly suggested that depressor activity of MWE mainly results from its vagal effects. 3) After administration of MWE respiratory rate was invariably increased following a short period of apnea.

부모의 심리적 스트레스수준과 부모-자녀문제해결을 위한 활동프로그램 개발방안

신홍기 ( Shin Hong Kee ),권일남 ( Kwon Il Nam ) 한국청소년활동학회 2017 한국청소년활동연구 Vol.3 No.2

본 연구는 직무상 어려움을 겪고 있는 공직자를 대상으로자 직무스트레스요인의 실태(스트레스 수준과 특성:개인, 가족, 조직, 업무수행 등), 심리교육의 요구(필요성, 참여방법, 관리형태 등)를 파악하고 이의 문제가 자녀에 전이 되는 점을 개선하고자 긍정적 심리지원으로서 심리교육프로그램의 방향을 제안하는 데 있다. 이를 위해 각 시·도 재난 및 취수방재담당자, 안전담당자, 간호(방문간호), 사회복지(방문복지), 대민(교통/민원)담당자를 대상으로 2016, 2017년에 걸쳐 800명의 설문조사를 실시하였다. 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 첫째, 대부분의 부모중 여성은 남성보다 감정적이어서 타인이나 다른 방식으로 해결하기 보다는 자신의 내면의 자아를 손상하거나 회피, 부정적 방어기제를 사용하면서 마음속으로 삭이는 경향이 더욱 커지고 있는 모습을 나타내고 있었다. 둘째, 트라우마 경험에 관한 결과로 경험자는 재경험의 증상에 대한 피해가 컸고, 회피하려는 경향이 높았으며, 각성의 수준, 침습의 수준, 감정마비, 대인부적응 등의 수준에서 현저히 문제가 크게 부각되고 있음을 알 수 있었다. 셋째, 업무특성에 따라서 살처분은 불쾌감, 꿈악몽, 충격반복, 스트레스(불면, 잠두려움, 진땀 등), 음식, 잊기곤란, 사건충격 등에서 특히 민감하게 작용하였으며 교육참여욕구가 강하였다. 이런 결과로 직무로 스트레스 받고 있는 부모들은 개인적인 스트레스 요인이 강하여 그 문제가 자녀에 그대로 전이되는 경향이 크므로 이들의 심리지원을 통한 청소년활동프로그램개발의 방안을 제시하였다. The purpose of this study is to identify the actual conditions of job stressors, the necessity of psychological education, the method of participation, and the management style of public officials. The survey was conducted in 2016 and 2017 for 800 disaster and disaster prevention officers, safety officers, visiting nurses, social welfare and traffic / civil affairs personnel. The results of the study are summarized as follows; 1) Most of the women were more emotional than males, and they were more likely to use negative defensive measures such as damage or avoidance of self than others. On the other hand, the physical difficulties such as "feeling of unpleasant feeling", "repetitive experience of shock“ were less emotional than males. 2) According to the experience of trauma, the experienced person showed significant problems in the level of stress pain, re-experience, level of awakening, level of intrusion, emotional paralysis, and interpersonal maladjustment. On the other hand, the trauma unexperience were to cope with stress and shock experience. 3) As for the difference by job field, the level of coping by the trauma is different and the coping plan should be different according to the job.

경부미주신경의 전기자극에 의한 지속성 심박반응 및 이의 심전도적 고찰

신홍기(Shin, Hong-Kee),김기순(Kim, Kee-Soon) 대한생리학회 1972 대한생리학회지 Vol.6 No.2

The right cervical vagus nerve was electrically stimulated for 30 sec, and 30 minutes recording cardiac rate responses and electrocardiogram. The main purposes of the present experiment are to determine effect of stimulation frequency on the maintenance of cardiac rate responses and to determine recovery time of sinus rhythm after asystole period followed by idioventricular rhythm during prolonged electrical stimulation of the vagus, and the optimal stimulation parameters for vagal stimulation were studied as well. The results obtained are summarized as follows: 1. The maximum negative chrontropic responses were obtained with the following ranges of electrical parameters. Intensity: 3V-7V, Frequency: 20/sec-60/sec, and pulse duration: 5 msec-20 msec. 2. Compared with the responses from sympathetic effectors, cardiac rate responses to electrical stimulation of vagus nerve were well maintained with all stimulation frequencies. 3. At all stimulation frequencies except 20/sec, sinus node started to take over primary pacemaker activity when cardiac rates were restored to about 38-40/min. 4. It was indicated that upper limit of idioventricular rhythm does not exceed 38-40/min. 5. With the stimulation parameter set of 20/sec-5 msec-3 V, sinus rhythm did not appear during 30 minutes of stimulation period. Therefore, this electrical parameter set appears to be optimal for elicitation of prolonged and maximum cardiac rate responses by vagal stimulation.

Ethanol이 시상하부 및 미주신경의 전기자극에 의한 심맥관계반응에 미치는 영향

신홍기(Shin, Hong-Kee),김기순(Kim, Kee-Soon) 대한생리학회 1975 대한생리학회지 Vol.9 No.2

The effects of ethanol intravenously administered on the mean arterial blood pressure and heart rate responses to electrical stimulation of vagus nerve and the hypothalamus were studied in the cats. Also investigated were the effects of ethanol on the cardiovascular responses to bilateral carotid occlusion and to intravenously injected epinephrine and acetylcholine separately. The results obtained from the present study were as follows; 1. In 1.0 ml/kg and 2.0 ml/kg of ethanol infused groups the mean arterial blood pressure increased gradually and reached plateaus in 10 minutes after ethanol infusion while no marked changes in blood pressure were observed in 0.5 ml/kg of ethanol infused group. 2. The pressor responses elicited by the electrical stimulation of the hypothalamus were depressed directly proportionally to amount of ethanol infused. In 0.5 ml/kg of ethanol infused group the pressor response was reduced to 84.5% of control value and it declined to 17.0% of control in 2.0 ml/kg of ethanol infused group. 3. After ethanol administration the heart rate decreased slightly and also was decreased positive chronotropic effect elicited by hypothalamic stimulation. In several cases even negative chronotropic responses were observed during electrical stimulation in the hypothalamus. 4. Since the pressor responses to bilateral carotid occlusion was reduced by ethanol administration it is suggested that activity of baroreceptor is inhibited by ethanol. 5. No changes were observed in the negative chronotropic effect Produced by electrical stimulation of the vegus nerve of ethanol infused animal. And cardiovascular responses to intravenously injected epinephrine and acetylcholine were not influenced by ethanol either.

전침자극이 만성통증을 억제하는 아드레날린성 기전에 대한 연구

신홍기(Hong-Kee Shin),이경희(Kyung-Hee Lee),박동석(Dong-Suk Park) 대한한의학회 2004 대한한의학회지 Vol.25 No.3

만성통증을 억제하는 전침효과의 말초성 기전과 아편양물질수용기에 관한 연구

신홍기(Hong-Kee Shin),이서은(Seo-Eun Lee),박동석(Dong-Suk Park) 대한한의학회 2003 대한한의학회지 Vol.24 No.3

백부자(白附子)가 혈압(血壓), 호흡(呼吸) 및 시상하부(視床下部)의 전기자극(電氣刺戟)에 의(依)한 심맥관계반응(心脈管系反應)에 미치는 영향(影響)

신홍기(Shin, Hong-Kee),김기순(Kim, Kee-Soon),이병희(Lee, Pyung-Hee) 대한생리학회 1973 대한생리학회지 Vol.7 No.2

The effects of ethanol extacts of aconite root (Aconitum koreanum) on mean arterial pressure, heart rate, pulse pressure, and respiration were investigated and also studied the effect on electrical activation of the hypothalamus in cats. From the present experiment the following results were obtained. 1) On administering 5 mg or 10 mg aconite extracts per kg of body weight, the mean arterial blood pressure declined markedly possibly as the result of negative inotropic and chronotropic effects of aconite. 2) From the enhanced pressor responses to intravenously injected epinephrine, the existance of vasodilatory effect of the aconite was suggested. 3) After administration of aconite extract, no significant differences were observed in the presser responses to carotid occlusion and to electrical stimulation of the hypothalamus. It is, therefore, concluded that the aconite extract exerts no significant effect on the excitability of hypothalamus as well as medullary cardiovascular center of cats. 4) After administration of 5 ~ 10 mg/kg aconite extracts, respiratory rate was increased while depth of respiration decreased. On the otherhand, respiratory rate was markedly decreased by injection of 20 mg/kg aconite into animal.

Tannic acid의 혈압강하작용(血壓降下作用)

문충배,신홍기,김기순,Moon, Choong-Bai,Shin, Hong-Kee,Kim, Kee-Soon 대한생리학회 1979 대한생리학회지 Vol.13 No.1

The present study was undertaken to investigate depressor action of tannic acid and the mechanism underlies it in the rabbit. The changes in arterial blood pressure were studied after intravenous administration of tannic acid in normal rabbits and the animals pretreated with atropine, propranolol, dibenamine, and hexamethonium. The results obtained were as follows; 1) Following administration of 1.5 mg/kg, 3.0 mg/kg, and 5.0 mg/kg of tannic acid into rabbits the maximum depressor responses observed were $12.0{\pm}0.9\;mmHg$, $23.4{\pm}1.0\;mmHg$, and $34.0{\pm}1.8\;mmHg$ respectively and generally depressor responses increased in proportion to dosage of tannic acid. 2) Since there were no changes in depressor responses to tannic acid in animals pretreated. separately with atropine, propranolol, dibenamine, and hexamethonium, the depressor responses appeared to be resulting from direct vasodilator action of tannic acid on the vascular smooth muscle. Comparing tannic acid and acorn extract in their mechanisms of depressor responses, it is strongly indicated that in acorn there might exist another depressor substance. 3) After administration of large doses of tannic acid, in addition to respiratory changes, the mean arterial blood pressure decreased markedly and was never recovered throughout the experiment. comma Therefore it is also suggested that the lethal action of tannic acid resides in a drastic decline of arterial blood pressure and in respiratory changes as well.

척출가토장관운동(剔出家兎腸管運動)에 미치는 마늘(Allium Sativum L.f. Pekinense Makino)의 영향(影響)

하재교,신홍기,김기순,Ha, Jae-Kyo,Shin, Hong-Kee,Kim, Kee-Soon 대한생리학회 1981 대한생리학회지 Vol.15 No.1

In 1944 Cavallito and Bailey first extracted an essential oil, a powerful antibacterial principle, from the garlic and named it allicin. Later Stoll and Seeback elucidated that allicin was produced from alliin by the enzymatic action of arinase. Damaru observed the depressor responses following intraperitoneal administration of garlic juice in cats. And Thiersch presented evidence that garlic had a protective action against experimental arterosclerosis in cholesterol-fed animals. On the other hand it was also reported that anemias were caused by long-term ingestion of garlic as a result of reduction in hemoglobin and RBC. From the experiment in which the effect of garlic on the blood sugar level was studied, Lee insisted garlic elevated blood sugar level. However, August and Jain claimed that hypoglycemia was induced by garlic administration. Recently Bordia and Bansal suggested that essential oils extracted from onion and garlic have a strong preventive effect on hyperlipemia and prolonged coagulation time resulted from fat-feeding. Furthermore Bordia et al indicated that garlic exerted a strong fibrinolytic activity. In early 1920 s Sugihara reported that essential oil of garlic not only decreased arterial blood pressure but also had a paralytic effect on the isolated heart and intestinal strip of animals. The present study was proposed to investigate the effect of garlic juice and the mechanism of its action on the motility of the isolated rabbit duodenum. The motility of the isolated duodenum was recorded on polygraph by means of force transducer connected with Magnus apparatus. And the isolated duodenum was separtely pretreated with $acetylcholine(5{\times}10^{-7}\;gm/ml)$, $pilocarpine(2.5{\times}10^{-6}\;gm/ml)$, $histamine(5{\times}10^{-6}\;gm/ml)$ and barium $chloride(2.5{\times}10^{-5}\;gm/ml)$ in order to find out interations of these drugs with ASJ. The results obtained were as follows; At concentrations of 0.25%, 0.5% and 1.0% ASJ markedly inhibited contractions of isolated duodenum while tonus as well as contractility of the isolated intestine were decreased also with 0.5% and 1.0% ASJ. Since ASJ markedly abolished augmented motility of isolated intestine by histamine and partly reduced that by $BaCl_2$, it is strongly suggested that inhibitory action of ASJ on the intestinal motility is caused mainly by its antihistamine effect and partly by its direct action on the intestinal smooth muscle.