구 당진군청 재생을 통한 원도심 활성화 계획

송형석,이정수 대한건축학회지회연합회 2011 대한건축학회지회연합회 학술발표대회논문집 Vol.2011 No.1

19세기말 서양 근대체육 및 스포츠의 수용 및 발달

송형석 대구경북체육학회 2005 체육연구 Vol.1 No.1

스포츠철학의 방법으로서"관찰자의 관찰"

송형석 한국체육철학회 2013 움직임의철학 : 한국체육철학회지 Vol.21 No.1

The aim of this article was to introduce observation of the observer as a method of sport philosophy. For a long time, sport philosophy has been employed in the ontological research. Ontology presupposes the apparent separation of subject/object and cognition/thing, as well as makes the subject identify the object, and the cognition identifies the thing. As a result, the sport philosopher as a recognizing subject, has focused on sports as his object. Luhmann proposed to bring the attention from the object to the observer who observes the object. Because he thinks that knowledge does not come from the object but the distinction which is used by the observer during his observation. According to Luhmann, observation means an indication in frame of distinction. If an observer refers sport as ‘to play’, the characteristics of play do not belong to the sport but from the observer. The playful meaning of sport emerges from the difference with the un-indicated side(work) of the distinction(play and work), which has inputted by the observer in his observation. In the moment of observation, the observer cannot observe the distinction that enables his observations. He can observe because he cannot see his distinction. Blind spot makes possible to observe. Only the second order observer observing the first order observer can see this blind spot. The observing the observer as a method of sport philosophy has many merits in the epistemological aspect. First, it can see the things which the observed observer see in the moment of observing. Second, it can see, how (in which frame of distinction) the observer observes. Third, it can see the things which the observer cannot see (his distinction, the un-indicated side of the distinction, another distinctions). And lastly, it can see that he (the first order observer) cannot see that he cannot see. Through the irritation of itself and another sports science resulted from the observation of observer, sport philosophy can contribute to the differentiation of the new perspectives. 본 연구자는 이 논문에서“관찰자의 관찰”을 스포츠철학의 방법으로 제안하고자 한다. 스포츠철학은 지금까지 주로 존재론적 연구에 몰두해왔다. 존재론적 연구는 주체와 객체, 인식과 대상의 명확한 분리를 전제하며, 주체가 객체를, 인식이 대상을 그 자체로 밝혀내는 일을 과제로 설정하였다. 따라서 인식하는 주체를 자처하는 스포츠철학자는 언제나 객체이자 대상인 스포츠에만 관심을 집중하였다. Luhmann은 우리의 관심을 대상에서 대상을 관찰하는 관찰자로 돌리자고 제안한다. 지식은 관찰 대상이 아니라 관찰자가 관찰의 순간 투입한 구별로부터 생겨난다고 생각하기 때문이다. Luhmann에 따르면 관찰은 구별을 이용한 지칭이다. 한 관찰자가 스포츠를 놀이로 지칭했다면, 놀이라는 특성은 스포츠에 속해 있는 것이 아니라 그 관찰자가 자신의 관찰에 투입한 놀이/노동이라는 구별의 양면에서 지칭되지 않은 면(노동)과의 차이로부터 드러나는 것이다. 관찰자는 관찰의 순간 자신의 관찰을 가능하게 해주는 구별을 관찰할 수 없다. 그가 관찰을 지속할 수 있는 이유는 자신의 구별을 볼 수 없기 때문이다. 볼 수 없음이 봄을 가능하게 만들어준다. "관찰자의 관찰”만이 이 맹점을 관찰할 수 있다. 스포츠철학의 새로운 방법으로서“관찰자의 관찰”은 인식론적 관점에서 여러 장점을 지닌다. 첫 번째, 관찰된 관찰자가 관찰 순간에 보는 것을 볼 수 있다. 두 번째, 그가 보는 것을 어떻게 보는지, 즉 어떤 구별을 이용하여 보는지 볼 수 있다. 세 번째, 그가 보지 못하는 것(그의 구별, 그 구별의 지칭되지 않은 면, 다른 구별들)을 볼 수 있다. 네 번째, 그가 보지 못한다는 것을 스스로 볼 수 없다는 것을 볼 수 있다. 스포츠철학은 “관찰자의 관찰”을 통해 자신뿐 아니라 체육학 분과들을 교란시킴으로써 새로운 관점들의 분화에 기여할 수 있다.

초등학생의 태권도 수련 유무와 공격성의 관계

송형석,양기석 대구경북체육학회 2007 체육연구 Vol.3 No.1

체험사회와 체험스포츠 : 그 의미와 문제점

송형석 대구경북체육학회 2006 체육연구 Vol.2 No.1

서울 거주 중.고등학교 학생의 학년별 수면 양상

송형석,박영민,남민,김린,Song, Hyoung-Seok,Park, Young-Min,Nam, Min,Kim, Leen 대한수면의학회 2000 수면·정신생리 Vol.7 No.1

Objectives: It is been reported that sleep patterns change significantly during the adolescent years. In Korea, the sleep patterns of adolescents have not been investigated systematically. The authors performed preliminary study about sleep patterns of middle and high school students in Seoul before nationwide study. Methods: The authors selected one of middle and high schools located in typical middle class area in Seoul. The study was performed during the periods when examination or vacation did not affect the sleep cycle. Fifty to one hundred male and female students were selected from one school year each. One of investigators explained the purposes and methods of this study to the students and gave additional explanation to the teachers in charge. We designed a questionnaire for subjects to describe the nap time, bedtime, sleep latency, total sleep time, rise time and sleep efficiency, and the students recorded sleep logs for seven days including weekend. Eight hundred three students answered the questionnaires. Among them, we selected the subjects who recorded sleep logs at least three days and filled up the questionnaires completely. Finally, seven hundred seventy one subjects were included in this study. Weekend was defined as the time from Saturday morning to Sunday morning, and Sunday sleep patterns were treated separately. Results: Across the six school years, school-night bedtimes were delayed one hundred twenty four minutes and school-ight rise times were advanced by thirty five minutes. School-night total sleep times were decreased by one hundred fifty eight minutes, and weekend bedtimes were delayed by one hundred twenty five minutes. The students tended to oversleep on weekends, and the mean of weekend oversleep was ninety six minutes. But, bedtime in weekends was not delayed. Daytime sleep, sleep latency and sleep efficiency were not changed greatly across six school years. Total sleep time of female students was decreased significantly between third middle school year and first high school year, but time of male students was decreased between first and second high school year. Conclusion: It is supposed that sleep deficiency of middle and high school students in Seoul was due to delayed bedtimes and advanced rise times across the school years.

통과의례의 관점에서 본 태권도심사의 내용

송형석,김재준,김지혁 한국체육철학회 2013 움직임의철학 : 한국체육철학회지 Vol.21 No.1

국내 태권도계에서는 심사에 대한 불만들이 꾸준히 제기되어 왔다. 이 논문은 태권도 심사를 통과의례의 관점에서 접근하여 여기에 내재된 문제들을 규명하고 개선방안을 제시함으로써 심사의 품격을 높이는데 목적이 있다. 통과의례는 공간, 복식, 음악, 이벤트 같은 형식적 요소들과 특정 자질을 검증하는 내용적 요소들로 구성되어 있는데 이 요소들은 모두 가치 전달과 구성원 통합이라는 의례의 기능을 충족시키는데 기여한다. 본 연구자는 이 논문에서 특히 통과의례로서 태권도심사의 내용적 요소에 초점을 맞추어 문제점을 규명하고 개선책을 제안하였다. 먼저 통과의례의 내용을 규명하기 위하여 아프리카 아캄바족의 통과의례 사례를 분석하였다. 이를 통해 통과의례의 내용은 대상자의 신체적, 심리적, 지적, 정신적 자질을 검증하는 내용으로 구성되어야한다는 점을 도출해낼 수 있었다. 한편 태권도심사 내용은 품새와 겨루기가 주를 이루었으며, 1인 심사에 2-5분 정도가 소요되었다. 태권도 심사가 이와 같이 이루어지는 이유는 응시인원이 많기 때문이다. 하루에 수천 명을 심사하기 때문에 대형 실내체육관이 요구되며 응시자 1인에게 할당되는 시간도 매우 짧다. 이런 이유에서 심사는 시간이 너무 짧고 내용이 단조로워서 심사 응시생들에게 충분한 실력 발휘의 기회를 주지 못하고 있다. 한 마디로 태권도심사는 응시자의 신체적, 심리적, 지적, 정신적 자질을 충분하게 검증하지 못하고 있었다. 태권도심사가 통과의례로서 기능을 다하기 위해서는 다음과 같은 개선의 노력이 요구된다. 태권도 심사 내용은 태권도에 내재된 가치를 충분하게 드러낼 수 있도록 구성되어야만 한다. 즉 심사에서는 품새, 겨루기, 격파, 이론, 논문, 면접 등을 적절하게 배합하여 활용해야 한다. 또한 응시자에게 충분한 시간과 기회를 주어 기량과 실력을 마음껏 발휘할 수 있도록 해야 하고 수준별로 난이도를 높여야만 한다. There has been a variety of dissatisfaction for the certification test in the taekwondo community. This dissatisfaction may lead to the loss of motivation to participate in taekwondo and a reduction in the number of students, resulting in difficulties in managing taekwondo academies. The purpose of this study was to improve the dignity of the taekwondo certification test by identifying problems inherent in it and providing solutions to those problems from the perspective of regarding the certification test as a certification ceremony. The majority of the test was composed of poomsae and sparring, and the duration of each test was only two to five minutes because of the large number of candidates at the test. Since thousands of students were tested in one day, the certification test had to be held in a large gymnasium and the time allowed for each test was limited. For these reasons, the place for the certification test was very noisy and distracting, and the running of the ceremony was disorganized. In order for the taekwondo certification test to properly function as a ceremony, the following improvements are required. The contents of the taekwondo certification test should be organized to reveal the value inherent in taekwondo. Those contents should comprise of mixed features of poomsae, sparring, board breaking with bare hands and feet, theoretical backgrounds, articles, and interviews. It is also necessary to provide the candidates with enough time and opportunity to show their skills and abilities during the certification test.

觀光地로서의 濟州道의 未備點과 그 改善策

송형석 경기대학 관광학회 1969 觀光學報 Vol.3 No.-

개화기 근대 체육 및 스포츠의 수용과 전개

송형석 師範大學 體育硏究所 1997 서울大學校 體育硏究所論集 Vol.18 No.1

This study trys to understand development of the civilized period modern physical education and sports in the view of historical-cultural and socio-political. Western modern pysical education and sports broadly diffused to all parts of society through the school athletic meet. The chracteristic of the development of civilized period modern physical education and sports can be described in the following. First, though cultural heterogeneity, the physical education and sports is accepted to Korea without big trouble. Second, the physical education and sports is rapidly spread to Korea. Third, development of the physical education and sports with competition is sticking out of many traits. Forth, school athlectic meet which definitely plays a role in deffusing to Korea. Modern pysical education and sports is focibly abolised Japanese after Japanese annexation of Korea. We can reach conclusion through the analysis of historical-cultural background and socio-political circumstances of the Korean society at that time to understand charateristics of the development of civilized period modern physical. education and sports. Buddhism, Confucionism, Shamanism are complexitic factors which make korean historical-cultural background at the time. Traditional Koreans acquire ascetic life style through the buddhism, the way of thinking based on anti-individulism through the confucianism. Korean traditional competition is reflected by these charateristics. Korean traditional competition have ascetic attitude, collective charateristics of the way of athletic. Strong stick to victory in Korean traditional competition is worth special mention. Because shamanic thinking that victory in competition makes a good harvest naturally can be expressed. In this way, Korean traditional competition which developed in historical-cultural background-buddhism, confucianism, shamanism-have simillar charateristics with those of modern physical education and sports. These same nature significantly makes Korean society western modern physical education. sports to accept. And strong stick to victory in traditional athlectics is major factor which explain competition emerged in development of modern physical education and sports. The relationship of the socio-political circumstance in civilized period and development of modern physical education and sports is well understood under case of two thinking that active acceptance and repulsion about inflow of foreign civilization. Active acceptance and repulsion about foreign civilization are expressed by modernization movement, and by nationalism movement, Modern physical education and sports are positive and active expression of life through first of all various physical activity. So civilization group positively support acceptance and development of modern physical education and sports. And nationalists endeavor to politically enlighten the people with various means. People around school athlectic meet gave good chance to enlighten at that time. In this reasn, we think that nationalists positively have supported school athlectic meet. And Japenese forcibly abolised school athlectic meet after Japenese annexation of Korea on the same reason.

태권도 정신에 관한 연구

송형석 한국체육철학회 2012 움직임의철학 : 한국체육철학회지 Vol.20 No.1

The term 'taekwondo spirit’ belongs to a common vocabulary, which is used frequently in the taekwondo community. But the actual meaning is very diverse and confusing, because taekwondo practitioners use the word often in different ways. For one, the word has some psychological characteristics, which had been acquired during taekwondo training. For another, the word refers to a series of ethical norms, which taekwondo practitioners have to observe. In the face of this confused situation, it is necessary to clarify the word. For the purpose of this study, the different meanings of the term taekwondo spirit, which appears in taekwondo articles and home pages of the taekwondo community, were collected and analyzed. According to the findings, the meaning of the term taekwondo spirit can be categorized in three different dimensions, as technical, psychological and ethical categories. Taekwondo spirit in terms of a technical dimension refers to some principle of movements, which taekwondo techniques have to follow. The principles of the movements, which are expressed as Yin/Yang, empty/fullness, and hardness/softness fall under the this dimension. Taekwondo spirit in terms of a psychological dimension refers to some psychological characteristics, like patience, concentration, and cooperation, which are reinforced or acquired during and after taekwondo (technique) training. Taekwondo spirit in terms of an ethical dimension refers to some ethical norms, which restrict the usage of the acquired taekwondo techniques. Ethical norms like good will, justice, peace and love fall under this category. It is clear that the meaning of taekwondo spirit is defined always in relationship with taekwondo techniques. 태권도정신은 태권도계에서 빈번하게 사용되는 용어 가운데 하나이다. 그러나 그 의미는 매우 다양하며 혼란스럽기까지 하다. 그 이유 중 한 가지는 이 용어의 사용자들이 각기 다른 맥락에서 이것을 사용하기 때문이다. 연구자는 먼저 기존의 태권도정신들을 수합, 분석하여 기술적 차원, 심리적 차원, 윤리적 차원 세 가지로 범주화하였다. 기술적 차원의 태권도정신은 태권도기술이 따라야만 하는 원리를 뜻하며, 심리적 차원의 태권도정신은 태권도수련자가 갖는 심리적 특성을 의미하고, 윤리적 차원의 태권도정신은 태권도인이 준수해야만 하는 윤리적 규범을 지칭한다. 기술 및 심리적 차원의 태권도정신은 태권도기술과 직접적으로 관련이 있는 가치중립적 덕목들로 이루어진 반면에 윤리적 차원의 태권도정신은 기술과 직접적인 관련이 없는 규범적 덕목들로 이루어져 있다. 본 연구자는 이 세 가지 중 윤리적 차원의 태권도정신을 참된 의미의 태권도정신으로 제안하였다. 이것은 다른 두 가지와 달리 이념적 성격과 규범적 성격을 지닐 수 있기 때문이다. 한편 태권도정신의 구체적 덕목을 선정함에 있어서 기존의 기준들 중 기술과의 연관성을 비판하고, 역사성과 사회성을 새로운 기준으로 제안하였다. 그리고 결론적으로 이 두 가지 조건을 만족시켜주는 태권도정신의 구체적 덕목으로서 절제, 명예, 개방 세 가지를 제시하였다.