코드 테이블 패턴 분석을 통한 저비용 H.264/AVC 엔트로피 코딩 유닛 설계

송세현,김기철,Song, Sehyun,Kim, Kichul 한국전기전자학회 2013 전기전자학회논문지 Vol.17 No.3

본 논문에서는 H.264/AVC 베이스라인 프로파일을 위한 엔트로피 코딩 유닛을 제안한다. 엔트로피 코딩에서는 매크로블록 부호화를 위해 코드 테이블들을 사용한다. 이 코드 테이블에 있는 코드워드들 간에는 일정한 패턴이 존재하는데, 본 논문에서는 코드워드의 패턴을 분석하여 하드웨어 비용을 줄였다. 제안하는 엔트로피 코딩 유닛은 Exp-Golomb 유닛과 CAVLC 유닛으로 구성된다. Exp-Golomb 유닛은 하나의 유닛에서 5가지 코드타입을 처리하고, 코드 패턴을 이용하여 두 개의 덧셈기만으로 복잡한 Exp-Golomb 연산을 처리 할 수 있다. 기존의 CAVLC 유닛은 큰 사이즈의 코드 테이블을 필요로 한다. 본 논문에서는 테이블에 차분 코드워드들을 저장하여 기존 방식대비 테이블 크기를 40% 이하로 줄인다. 엔트로피 코딩 유닛은 생성된 코드워드들이 MSB에 코드값 0이 분포되는 패턴을 이용하여 쉬프터 사이즈를 대폭 줄였다. This paper proposes an entropy coding unit for H.264/AVC baseline profile. Entropy coding requires code tables for macroblock encoding. There are patterns in codewords of each code tables. In this paper, the patterns between codewords are analyzed to reduce the hardware cost. The entropy coding unit consists of Exp-Golomb unit and CAVLC unit. The Exp-Golomb unit can process five code types in a single unit. It can perform Exp-Golomb processing using only two adders. While typical CAVLC units use various code tables which require large amounts of resources, the sizes of the tables are reduced to about 40% or less of typical CAVLC units using relationships between table elements in the proposed CAVLC unit. After the Exp-Golomb unit and the CAVLC unit generate code values, the entropy unit uses a small size shifter for bit-stream generation while typical methods are barrel shifters.

1-D CGRA에서의 H.264/AVC 디블록킹 필터 구현

송세현,김기철,Song, Sehyun,Kim, Kichul 한국전기전자학회 2013 전기전자학회논문지 Vol.17 No.4

본 논문에서는 H.264/AVC 비디오 코덱용 디블록킹 필터의 병렬 알고리즘을 제안한다. 디블록킹 필터는 BS(boundary strength)에 따라 다른 필터 연산을 수행하며, 각 필터 연산은 다양한 조건 연산을 필요로 한다. 또한 각 경계면의 연산 순서가 정해져 있기 때문에 병렬 처리가 쉽지 않다. 본 논문에서 제안하는 디블록킹 필터 알고리즘은 최근에 소개된 1-D CGRA (coarse grained reconfigurable architecture)인 PRAGRAM (pipelined reconfigurable arrays with assistant manager groups)에서 처리된다. 디블록킹 필터 연산은 PRAGRAM의 단방향 파이프라인 PE 배열 구조를 이용하여 각 필터 연산을 고속으로 수행하고, dynamic reconfiguration 및 conditional reconfiguration을 이용하여 필터 선택과 조건 연산을 효율적으로 처리한다. 디블록킹 필터의 병렬 알고리즘은 매크로블록 당 225 사이클을 소요한다. 이는 동작주파수 150 MHz에서 full HD급 영상을 처리할 수 있는 성능이다. In this paper, we propose a parallel deblocking filter algorithm for H.264/AVC video standard. The deblocking filter has different filter processes according to boundary strength (BS) and each filter process requires various conditional calculations. The order of filtering makes it difficult to parallelize deblocking filter calculations. The proposed deblocking filter algorithm is performed on PRAGRAM which is a 1-D coarse grained reconfigurable architecture (CGRA). Each filter calculation is accelerated using uni-directional pipelined architecture of PRAGRAM. The filter selection and the conditional calculations are efficiently performed using dynamic reconfiguration and conditional reconfiguration. The parallel deblocking filter algorithm uses 225 cycles to process a macroblock and it can process a full HD image at 150 MHz.

경남 지역에서 서식하는 참문어(Octopus vulgaris)의 자원 변동과 생식 생태의 변화

송세현 ( Se Hyun Song ),박종혁 ( Jong Hyeok Park ),지환성 ( Hwang-sung Ji ),최정화 ( Jung Hwa Choi ),김희준 ( Hee Jun Kim ),정재묵 ( Jae Mook Jeong ),김도훈 ( Do Hoon Kim ) 한국수산과학회(구 한국수산학회) 2020 한국수산과학회지 Vol.53 No.1

The purpose of this study was to provide information about annual variations in catch size and changes in reproductive biology in the common octopus Octopus vulgaris, a commercially important species. Samples were collected from coastal waters off Gyeongnam, Korea, by coastal trap and coastal complex fishery from February to December 2018. Octopus vulgaris have been decreasing in this region since 2007 and catch prices have been increasing. The mantle length (ML) of O. vulgaris ranged from 1.2 to 21.2 cm and body weight ranged from 42.6 to 5,537 g. The sex ratio differed significantly from what was expected, at 0.45:0.55 (P<0.05). Mature females were found from February to December, except in October and November, and males occurred from February to December, except in October. The gonadosomatic index value was higher from May to September than in other months. The total number of eggs in fecund individuals ranged from 40,280 in 578.1 g of body weight to 138,994 in 1,666.5 g of body weight. The relationship between body weight and fecundity was F=76.486BW^1.0087 (r²=0.7897). At 50% group maturity, average weight was estimated to be 636.35 g, while it was 969.30 g at 75% maturity and 1736.55 g at 97.5% maturity. This study highlights changes in catch size and reproductive biology between 2007 and 2018. These results provide basic evidence that may be used to establish regulatory policy for O. vulgaris fisheries.

폴리락티드 - 글리콜리드 마이크로피어에 봉입된 단백질의 항원성 평가

송세현(Seh Hyon Song),조성완(Seong Wan Cho),신택환(Taek Hwan Shin),윤미경(Mi Kyoung Yoon),최영욱(Young Wook Choi) 한국약제학회 2001 Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation Vol.31 No.3

N/A Biodegradable polymeric microspheres were studied for their usefulness as carriers for the delivery of vaccine antigens. However, protein antigen could be denatured during microencapsulation processes due to the exposure to the organic phase and stress condition of cavitation and shear force. Therefore this study was carried out to re-evaluate the degree of protein denaturation during microencapsulation with poly(lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA) copolymer. PLGA microspheres containing ovalbumin (OVA), prepared by W/O/W multiple emulsification method, were suspended in pH 7.4 PBS and incubated with shaking at 37.5℃. Drug released medium was collected periodically and analyzed for protein contents by micro-BCA protein assay. In order to evaluate the protein integrity, release medium was subjected to the analyses of SDSPAGE and size exclusion chromatography (SEC). And enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was introduced to measure the immunoreactivity of entrapped OVA and to get an insight into the three-dimensional structure of epitope. The structures of entrapped protein were not affected significantly by the results of SDS-PAGE and SEC. However, immunoreactivity of released antigen was varied, revealing the possibility of protein denaturation in some microspheres when it was evaluate by ELISA method. Therefore, in order to express the degree of protein denaturation, antigenicity ratio (AR) was obtained as follows: amount of immunoreactivity of OVA/total amount of OVA released × 100(%). ELISA method was an efficient tool to detect a protein denaturation during microencapsulation and the comparison of AR values resulted in more accurate evaluation for immunoreactivity of entrapped protein.

우리나라에 분포하는 꼼치(Liparis tanakae )의 생 식생태와 어업경영에 관한 연구

송세현 ( Se Hyun Song ),이해원 ( Hae Won Lee ),전복순 ( Bok Soon Jeon ),김희준 ( Hee Jun Kim ),정재묵 ( Jae Mook Jung ),오택윤 ( Taeg Yun Oh ) 한국수산해양기술학회(구 한국어업기술학회) 2021 수산해양기술연구 Vol.57 No.1

This study analyzed the reproductive biology, fishing characteristics and changes in fishing business of Liparis tanakae, snailfish collected from September to March. It was the period when they were mainly caught from 2018 to 2020. The average length was generally small in September and October and was large in January and February. The average body weight was generally around 1,500 g and the average body weight in autumn was lower and in winter was higher. The sex ratio of male and female was 0.40:0.60 (χ ² test, p < 0.05). The spawning period was estimated from October to February and the main spawning period was from December to February through the GSI. The egg diameter of matured staged female L. tanakae was 0.11-1.48 mm, which was the main spawning period and the relationship between body weight and fecundity was F = 1849TL^0.1093 (r² = 0.2401). The monthly catch of L. tanakae was high from November to February, the time of migrating to the coastal area. Coastal gillnet fishery showed the highest percentage of all fisheries catching Liparis spp. Liparis spp. were caught at a high rate in winter in Chungnam, Jeonbuk, Jeonnam and Gyeongnam region, and revenue and cost was increased since 2017. Assuming a situation where there is no catch of Liparis spp., the fishing profit that can be obtained was the highest in Gyeongnam region and the dependence on fishing of Liparis spp. by coastal gillnet fishery was high.

사천 연안 새우조망에서 부수 어획된 어류의 군집구조

송세현 ( Se Hyun Song ),정재묵 ( Jae Mook Jeong ),유준택 ( Joon Taek Yoo ),김희용 ( Hee Yong Kim ) 한국수산해양기술학회(구 한국어업기술학회) 2018 수산해양기술연구 Vol.54 No.3

A study for species composition and abundance of the fish assemblages in the coastal Sacheon Bay, Korea were conducted using monthly collection by a shrimp beam trawl from March 2015 to February 2016. The number of individuals, biomass and species diversity indices fluctuated with the station and month. Of all 73 species collected, the dominant species in terms of numbers were Liparis tanakae, Zoarces gillii, Amblychaeturichthys hexanema, Ricuzenius pinetorum and Pleuronichys cornutus. The peak number of fishes occurred in March and April, whereas the biomass of fishes was highest in April. The numbers and biomass of fishes were lower in February corresponding with the low temperature, and diversity indices were highest in June. Due to those seasonal difference in abundance of the dominant species, fish community were divided into three main groups. In addition, seasonal difference by station of fish community were devided into four main groups. Juvenile fishes of coastal Sacheon were presented during the study period. It presented that the study area served as an important role in spawning and nursery ground for fisheries resource.

SIMD 병렬 프로세서를 이용한 H.264용 디블록킹 필터의 구현

송세현(Sehyun Song),김기철(Kichul Kim),노태문(Taemoon Roh) 대한전자공학회 2007 대한전자공학회 학술대회 Vol.2007 No.7

In this paper, we propose a parallel deblocking filter algorithm for H.264 using parallel processor. The parallel processor is a partitioned single instruction multiple data (partitioned SIMD) architecture and supports conditional execution. The proposed parallel deblocking filter algorithm performs 300k MB/sec at 100㎒.

Newton Method을 이용한 저비용 5-stage 멱승기의 구현

송세현(Sehyun Song),김기철(Kichul Kim) 한국정보과학회 2007 한국정보과학회 학술발표논문집 Vol.34 No.2B

본 논문에서는 모바일용 3차원 그래픽 라이팅 엔진을 위한 부동소수점 멱승기를 제안한다. 3D 그래픽의 라이팅 과정은 연산량이 많고, 복잡하기 때문에 각 연산 유닛들이 저비용으로 빠르게 연산을 수행해야 한다. 본 논문에서 제안한 멱승기는 처리율을 높이기 위해 파이프라인 구조를 사용하였으며, 10?⁴ 의 정확도를 만족한다. 전체 구조는 5 stage로 구성되며, 크게 로그연산기와 지수연산기로 이루어져 있다. 일반적으로 로그연산기는 정확도를 높이기 위하여 큰 롬 테이블을 사용하는데, 이는 많은 면적을 차지하게 된다. 이러한 롬 테이블 면적 문제를 해결하기 위하여 Newton method을 사용하여 롬 테이블의 사이즈를 줄였다. 또한 오일러 상수를 밑으로 하는 지수연산기도 입력 비트의 크기를 줄이고, 테이블의 개수를 늘림으로써 롬 테이블의 크기를 줄였다. 지수연산의 밑은 부동소수점 포맷으로 [0,1]의 범위를 가지며, 승은 정수 포맷으로 [0,128]의 범위를 갖는다. Magnachip 0.18?m 공정에서 100㎒의 동작주파수를 만족하였으며, 약 16k gates을 차지한다.

해파리 출현빈도에 따른 여수 정치망어업의 경영실적 고찰

송세현 ( Se Hyun Song ),이상고 ( Sang Go Lee ),김희용 ( Hee Yong Kim ) 한국수산해양기술학회 2015 수산해양기술연구 Vol.51 No.1

According to the catch condition of Scomberomorus niphonius in autumn season affected greatly, the catch price for the set net fishery. Catch production and the selling price were relatively even except 2009 showing a great big blooming jellyfish of Nemopliema nomurai in 2008∼2011. The fishing cost of the set net fishery in Yeosu has increased gradually by the decrease of catch production and unexpected environmental change like as jelly fish blooming. The increase of fishing cost diminished net income and caused a negative impact in profitability. The lowest Fisheries ratio of gross profit to gross costs the set net fishery were appeared 60.2% in 2010, respectively. Bycatch was highest in 2008 and lowest in 2009. In general, the bycatch was occurred from May to July every year and when Scomber japonicus was most dominant in the catch price by bycatch had a advantage in the profit side. However, the catch increase of immature small fishes by the bycatch, which will bring about the decrease of fisheries resources. Finally, the present state in set net fisheries will act as a defect on the long-term management of fisheries resources.

경구용 항원 수송체 모델로서 폴리락티드 - 글리콜리드 마이크로스피어의 입자도 조절

송일용(Il Yong Song),송세현(Seo Hyun Song),송우헌(Woo Heon Song),조성완(Seong Wan Cho),최영욱(Young Wook Choi) 한국약제학회 1999 Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation Vol.29 No.4

Poly (lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA) microspheres containing ovalbumin (OVA) as a model protein drug were prepared by double emulsification method, and various conditions such as mixing rate, volume of outer phase and isopropyl alcohol concentration in outer phase during secondary emulsification were observed to control the size of microspheres. In addition, entrapment efficiency of OVA and protein denaturation were also evaluated. As the rate of stirring was increased, the size of particles was decreased. But excessive stirring increased the particle size of microspheres. In a preparation condition of small volume of outer phase, the particle size was decreased but the entrapment efficiency was increased. Adding isopropyl alcohol to outer phase decreased the size of particles, but increased the entrapment efficiency. Microparticles should have smaller size than 10 ㎛ to be uptaked by Peyer`s patch in small intestine. High speed of mixing and relatively small volume of outer phase are needed to reduce the size. In addition, appropriate amount of isopropyl alcohol in outer phase also plays an important role in size reduction of PLGA microspheres.