은행나무 묘목에 대한 시비가 생장 및 엽내 양분과 유용 추출물 농도에 미치는 영향

손요환,김진수,황재홍,박정수 ( Yo Whan Son,Zin Suh Kim,Jae Hong Hwang,Jung Soo Park ) 한국산림과학회 1998 한국산림과학회지 Vol.87 No.1

We measured seedling growth, foliar nutrient and extract concentrations of 3-year-old Ginkgo biloba seedlings growing in a nursery following a single fertilization with nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P) and nitrogen plus phosphorus (N+P) fertilizers. Fertilization did not change foliage, stem and root biomass of the seedlings except for the high N+P treatment, Foliar N and P concentrations following fertilization varied according to the amount of fertilizers. In general, foliar N and P concentrations increased with fertilization, but fertilization with 400㎏ N/㏊ and 100㎏ P/㏊ decreased foliar N and P concentrations, respectively. Seedling growth and foliar nutrient concentrations showed that N and P were the growth-limiting nutrients in our study site. It was found that fertilization reduced the concentrations of secondary metabolites (Ginkgo flavon glycosides and terpene lactones) in foliages. It seemed there was a relationship between foliage biomass production and secondary chemicals in G. biloba seedlings.

Soil CO₂ Evolution and Nitrogen Availability on Abandoned Agricultural Fields at Mt. Kumdan

손요환,반지연,김래현,김준,Son, Yo-whan,Ban, Ji-yeon,Kim, Rae-Hyun,Kim, Joon Korean Society of Agricultural and Forest Meteorol 2003 한국농림기상학회지 Vol.5 No.2

한계농지 토양 내의 탄소와 질소의 동태에 관한 연구는 적절한 연구 대상지의 부족으로 지금까지 폭 넓게 이루어지지 못했다. 본 연구에서는 서울 근처의 검단산 일대에서 지속적으로 산림이었던 지역, 과거 논으로 이용되었던 지역, 과거 밭으로 이용되었던 지역 등 세 곳의 연구 대상지를 선정하고 여기에서 2002년 7월 25일부터 2003년 1월 24일까지 토양 발생 $CO_2$와 무기태 질소의 유효도를 측정하였다. 현재 지속적으로 산림이었던 지역과 과거 논으로 이용되었던 지역은 낙엽활엽수림이고, 과거 밭으로 이용되었던 지역은 낙엽성 관목이 주 식생을 이루고 있다. 토양 발생 $CO_2$는 토양 온도의 계절적 변화에 따라 차이를 보였다. 본 연구 기간동안 토양 발생 $CO_2$량 (g $CO_2$/$m^2$/hr)의 평균은 각각 과거 논으로 이용되다. 산림으로 변한 지역이 0.42, 과거 밭으로 이용되다 관목으로 변한 지역이 0.50, 지속적으로 산림이었던 지역이 0.41로 나타났다. 토양 발생 $CO_2$와 토양 온도는 연구 지역간에 차이가 나타나지 않았으나 토양 습도는 주목할 만한 차이를 보였고, 토양 발생 $CO_2$에 대해 토양 습도는 매우 약한 상관관계를 나타냈다. 무기태 질소의 유효도는 세 곳의 연구 대상지에 따라 차이를 나타냈으며 이는 토양 수분과 관련이 있는 것으로 보인다. The iufluence of abandonment of agricultural fields on soil carbon and nitrogen dynamics is rarely addressed due to lack of appropriately paired sites. In this study, we identified three sites that have native forest and abandoned rice and crop fields at Mt. Kumdan near Seoul. Currently the vegetation of indigenous forest and the abandoned rice field is deciduous hardwood forest, while that of the abandoned crop field is deciduous shrub. We measured soil $CO_2$ evolution and inorganic N availability for the three sites from 25 July 2002 through 24 January 2003. Soil $CO_2$ evolution tracked seasonal soil temperature. Mean soil $CO_2$ evolution (g $CO_2$/$m^2$/hr) for the study period was 0.42 for the rice field to forest, 0.50 for the crop field to shrub, and 0.41 for the indigenous forest, respectively. Soil $CO_2$ evolution and soil temperature were not different among the sites; however, soil water content was significantly different. Soil water content had a very weak influence on soil $CO_2$ evolution. Inorganic resin N availability differed among the three sites and seemed to be related to soil moisture.

리기다소나무와 낙엽송 인공조림지내 (人工造林地內) 토양발생 이산화탄소에 관한 연구

손요환(Yo WHan Son),김현우(Hyun Woo Kim) 한국산림과학회 1996 한국산림과학회지 Vol.85 No.3

Soil respiration was measured every two weeks from May through November 1995 using the soda lime method in 40-Year-old Pinus rigida and Larix leptolepis plantations on a similar soil in Yangpyeong, Kyonggi Province. Treatments included control and no-roots(plots trenched and root regrowth into plots prevented). Root respiration was evaluated by comparing no-roots sub-plots to control plots. Mean soil respiration showed highly significant species effects(p $lt; 0.01) and was highest at the Pinus rigida control plot(0.38g/㎡/hr) and lowest at the Larix leptolepis no-roots plot(0.31g/㎡/hr). High soil respiration in Pinus rigida may be related to aboveground litter production. The annual CO₂ fluxes ranged from 23 to 27t/ha/yr. We found significant correlations between temperatures(air : R²=0.53, soil : R²=0.55) and soil respiration(p$lt;0.01), but no significant correlations between soil moisture and soil respiration(p$gt;0.1). Root respiration was 3% of total soil respiration. We might underestimate rapt respiration because of shallow trenches and CO₂ measurements right after trenching. Factors controlling soil respiration including belowground litterfall(especially fine roots) inputs, litter quality should be well understood to predict soil carbon fluxes and relative contributions to total soil respiration in forest ecosystems.

질소 (窒素) 시비 (施肥)와 간벌 (間伐)이 잣나무 당년생 침엽과 소지의 생장 및 양분에 미치는 영향

손요환(Yo Whan Son),황재우(Jae Woo Hwang),이도형(Do Hyeung Lee),김종성(Jong Sung Kim),양수영(Soo Young Yang) 한국산림과학회 2001 한국산림과학회지 Vol.90 No.1

To investigate the effects of nitrogen fertilization and thinning on growth and nutrition of current-year needle and twigs in Pinus koraiensis we treated two clone banks with three levels of nitrogen fertilizer in Yongin and Chuncheon, and also thinned two plantations with three intensities in Yangpyeong. The fertilization and thinning effects greatly varied depending on study sites and stand ages. However, dry weights of needle and twig increased following low nitrogen fertilization in older stands. Moderate thinning increased dry weight and nitrogen concentration of twigs in the 12-year-old stand.

토지 이용 형태의 변화와 토양 내 탄소와 질소의 관계

손요환(Yo Whan Son),이숙희(Sook Hee Lee) 한국산림과학회 2001 한국산림과학회지 Vol.90 No.3

Changes in land-use can affect soil organic matter content and fertility. We compared total soil carbon and nitrogen concentrations, soil respiration, and nitrogen availability under three land-use types in central Korea; conversion of old rice field to natural willow-maple (Salix-Acer) forest, conversion of old field to artificial Korean pine (Pines koraiensis) forest, and indigenous oak (Quercus spp.) forest. After 20 years of fallow the area of rice field conversion to forest had higher soil carbon and nitrogen concentrations in the soil depth of 0-10㎝ and 10-20㎝ than the areas of field conversion to Korean pine forest and indigenous forest. In general, soil carbon and nitrogen concentrations decreased with soil depth. Organic matter accumulation as a balance of input and decomposition seemed to be higher in the soil of previous rice field, and carbon and nitrogen accumulation was largely confined to the topsoil. Soil respiration rates were greatest at the area of rice field conversion to forest, and apeared to be related to soil carbon and soil moisture. Soil nitrogen availability measured by the ion exchange resin bag method differed significantly among land-use types; soil inorganic nitrogen (NH₄^+ + NO₃^-) and ammonium availability were highest in the soil under indigenous oak forest followed by conversion of old field to artificial Korean pine forest and conversion of old field to natural willow-maple forest.

대기오염이 삼림에 미치는 영향 : 피해현황과 원인을 중심으로

Dan Binkley,손요환,김진수 ( Dan Binkley,Yo WHan Son,Zin Suh Kim 한국산림과학회 1994 한국산림과학회지 Vol.83 No.2

Issues of declining growth and vigor in forests are major concerns in many areas around the world, especially in response to predictions in the 1980s of widespread forest declines. This paper summarizes the current state of knowledge for forests in North America, Europe, and East Asia. Forest declines near point-sources of pollution(such as metal smelters) have been well recognized for a century, but evidence of widespread impacts away from point-sources remains relatively uncommon. In North America, significant forest decline has resulted from high concentrations of ozone near Los Angeles, California, and around Mexico City. Some high-elevation forests of red spruce in the eastern U.S. have declined in the past 20 years ; evidence indicates a role of low-pH fog in reducing they cold-tolerance of spruce. In Europe. most attention has focused on Norway spruce stands that developed yellow foliage, needle loss, and in some cases mortality. This syndrome appears to be related generally to an inadequate supply of magnesium, perhaps coapled with a very high supply of nitrogen. Despite localized areas that show declining trees, overall stand growth and standing biomass in Europe increased from. 19.0 to 1990. Much less information is available for East Asia. Many industrialized regions in China have a pH of rain $lt;4.5, and some connections between pollution and forest decline have been suggested. Pollution impacts on forests near cities in Korea include needle chlorosis, reduced needle retention, and declining species diversity. Overall, temperate forests show no widespread declines, and no evidence of substantial effects of pollutants on forest growth or vigor. Small areas showing declining forests may indeed demonstrate pollution impacts, and may provide cause for concerns about future impacts on larger areas.

질소와 인 시비(施肥)가 경기도 양평지역 리기다소나무와 낙엽송 조림지(造林地) 토양 내 질소무기화에 미치는 영향

이임균 ( Im Kyun Lee ),손요환 ( Yo Whan Son ) 한국산림과학회 2006 한국산림과학회지 Vol.95 No.1

우리나라 참나무 천연림에 있어서 임내우의 수량변화 및 양분동태

진현오 ( Hyun O Jin ),손요환 ( Yo Whan Son ) 한국농림기상학회 2007 한국농림기상학회지 Vol.9 No.1

지형 , 토양 및 임상정보에 기초한 도시림 관리시스템 개발

이우균(Woo Kyun Lee),손요환(Yo Whan Son),송철철(Chul Chul Song),정기현(Kee Hyun Chung),김윤경(Yoon Kyoung Kim),류성렬(Soung Ryoul Ryu),김현섭(Hyun Sup Kim) 한국환경영향평가학회 1999 환경영향평가 Vol.8 No.3

For the effective management of urban forest, a variety of informations on urban forest needs to be accurately measured and effectively used in decision-making processes. This study aims at developing an urban forest management system with reference to GIS and making it possible to effectively manage urban forests. A detailed forest type map were constructed with the help of aerial photograph and terrestrial inventory. A geographical map in terms of slope, aspect and altitude were also prepared by Digital Elevation Model(DEM). A soil type map containing chemical characteristics were also made through soil analysis. These thematic maps which contain informations on forest type, geography and soil were digitalized with reference to GIS, and an urban forest management system of user interface were developed. With the help of this urban forest management system, various spatial and attribute informations which need for urban forest management could be easily used in decision-making processes in relation to urban forest.

양평지역 리기다소나무 , 낙엽송 , 졸참나무의 allometry 와 임관동태 연구

김종성(Jong Sung Kim),손요환(Yo WHan Son),김진수(Zin Suh Kim) 한국산림과학회 1995 한국산림과학회지 Vol.84 No.2

Site - specific allometric equations relating aboveground tree component biomass and leaf area to tree diameter, basal area, sapwood cross - sectional area and sapwood volume were developed using the destructive harvesting method for Pinus rigida Mill., Larix leptolepis Gordon, and Quercus serrata Thunb. stands in Yangpyeong, Kyonggi Province. There were significantly strong correlations between aboveground tree component biomass or leaf area and diameter at breast height (DBH), basal area, sapwood area and sapwood volume. For a similar diameter tree, the three species had a similar stem wood biomass. However, carbon allocation patterns to stem bark, foliage, branch and total aboveground biomass differed among the three species. Specific leaf area and the ratio of leaf area to sapwood cross - sectional area of the three species were significantly different. Allometric equations seemed To be related to leaf habit or leaf longevity. To elucidate the effect of leaf habit or leaf longevity on allometry and canopy characteristics clearly, more intensive studies are needed.