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배수야,홍성유,Wei-Kuo Tao 한국기상학회 2019 Asia-Pacific Journal of Atmospheric Sciences Vol.55 No.2
This study examines the effect of hail on microphysical processes and precipitation. The Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) Single-Moment 7-class Microphysics (WSM7) is developed by introducing the hail hydrometeor as an additional prognostic water substance within the WSM6 scheme, which are four-ice and three-ice schemes, respectively. In an idealized 2D squall case, the WSM7 scheme with hail tends to enhance the accretion rate of ice particles due to the faster sedimentation of hail than that of graupel in the WSM6 scheme. The amount of hail is largely compensated with the reduction of graupel, but its maximum at lower altitudes. Weakened accretion of graupel by snow at higher altitudes maintains the snow aloft, and increases of it at the mid-level. The reduced sum of graupel and hail at the melting level leads to a decrease in the mixing ratio of rain in the WSM7 experiment, which is compensated by falling hail. In 3D squall line experiments, the WSM7 scheme tends to enhance convective activities in the leading edge of the squall line, whereas the precipitation intensity in the trailing stratiform region decreases. This is due to the fact that the addition of hail plays a role in suppressing light precipitation and increasing heavy precipitation activities.
수도권에서 아황산가스의 황산염으로 전환시 각 과정의 상대적 기여도
배수야,김용표 한국대기환경학회 2003 한국대기환경학회지 Vol.19 No.4
The major conversion processes of SO₂ to sulfate arc reactions in gaseous, aqueous phase and on dust surface. Using the measurement data in Ganghwa, the background area of metropolitan Seoul Area, the relative contiribution of the conversion processes am estimated. Generally, aqueous cloud is the most important conversion path followed by dust surface. gas, and aqueous aerosol. Importance of conversion on dust surface increases for the dust storm period. The total conversion rate values over the metropolitan Seoul area are between 1.5 and 8.8×10^(-11) mole m_(-3) air.