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셀룰로오스 나노섬유가 도공지의 물리적 특성과 인쇄적성에 미치는 영향
문정언,신원겸,최윤혁,김병로,신수정 한국펄프·종이공학회 2023 펄프.종이기술 Vol.55 No.1
Cellulose nanofiber is a material that can be applied in various fields through sustainable supply. The applications of cellulose nanofiber to paper is limited, but it is applied to various fields. Paper requires a coating process to improve surface properties, improve printability, and impart new functions such as barrier properties. Petrochemical-based coating materials can be replaced with cellulose nanofibers. Cellulose nanofibers were prepared using TEMPO oxidized pulp as a raw material using a high-pressure homogenizer in order to understand the physical properties of the cellulose nanofibers coated paper. Cellulose nanofibers improved physical properties such as tensile strength and printing characteristics of unsized paper compared to sized paper. .
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문정언,박영제,류주형,최종국,안재현,민지은,손영백,이순주,한희정,안유환 한국해양과학기술원 2012 Ocean science journal Vol.47 No.3
This paper provides initial validation results for GOCI-derived water products using match-ups between the satellite and ship-borne in situ data for the period of 2010-2011, with a focus on remote-sensing reflectance (Rrs). Match-up data were constructed through systematic quality control of both in situ and GOCI data, and a manual inspection of associated GOCI images to identify pixels contaminated by cloud, land and inter-slot radiometric discrepancy. Efforts were made to process and quality check the in situ R rs data. This selection process yielded 32 optimal match-ups for the Rrs spectra, chlorophyll a concentration (Chl_a) and colored dissolved organic matter (CDOM), and with 20 match-ups for suspended particulate matter concentration (SPM). Most of the match-ups are located close to shore and thus the validation should be interpreted limiting to near-shore coastal waters. The Rrs match-ups showed the mean relative errors of 18-33% for the visible bands with the lowest 18-19% for the 490 nm and 555 nm bands and 33% for the 412 nm band. Correlation for the Rrs match-ups was high in the 490-865 nm bands (R2=0.72-0.84) and lower in the 412 nm band (R2=0.43) and 443 nm band (R2=0.66). The match-ups for Chl_a showed a low correlation (<0.41) although the mean absolute percentage error was 35% for the GOCI standard Chl_a. The CDOM match-ups showed an even worse comparison with R2<0.2. These match-up comparison for Chl_a and CDOM would imply the difficulty to estimate Chl_a and CDOM in near-shore waters where the variability in SPM would dominate the variability in Rrs. Clearly, the match-up statistics for SPM was better with R2=0.73 and 0.87 for two evaluated algorithms, although GOCI-derived SPM overestimated low concentration and underestimated high concentration. Based on this initial match-up analysis, we made several recommendations -1) to collect more offshore under-water measurements of the Rrs data, 2) to include quality flags in level-2 products, 3) to introduce an ISRD correction in the GOCI processing chain, 4) to investigate other types of in-water algorithms such as semianalyticalones, and 5) to investigate vicarious calibration for GOCI data and to maintain accurate and consistent calibration of field radiometric instruments.
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문정언,심진한,민경은,박종문 한국펄프.종이工學會 2022 펄프.종이기술 Vol.54 No.3
Paper packaging is an important sector of the packaging industry. There are several ad- vantages of paper packaging over other materials, such as the ease of obtaining raw ma- terials, low price, high strength at low weight, easy conversion process, and environ- mentally friendly properties. Liner boards and mediums for corrugated board need ade- quate properties for end usage, and these properties change depending on the raw mate- rials, production, and conversion processes. The properties of 25 current commercial liner boards and mediums in the domestic mar- ket were analyzed for better understanding and utilization. The apparent density, air permeability, internal bond strength, tensile strength, and burst strength, were mea- sured, and the ring crush test (RCT) and short-span compression test (SCT) were per- formed. The basis weights were changed from 115 to 300 g/m2, and the air permeability was decreased with higher basis weight. The RCT and SCT compression strengths were increased as the tensile strengths at both of machine direction (MD) and cross-machine direction (CD). As the internal bond strength increased, the MD and CD tensile strengths increased, but a trend was not apparent. The burst strength was increased as the tensile strength increased. The tensile strength, burst strength, and compression strength were correlated very closely. The burst strength increased as the tensile strength increased, and the MD tensile strength had greater effect than the CD tensile strength on increasing the burst strength. Compression strength was improved to a greater degree by the MDtensile strength than by the CD tensile strength. The SCT compression strength with a 0.7 mm span was higher than the RCT strength. The RCT and SCT compression strengths were higher in the MD than in the CD.
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인공위성자료를 이용한 2004년 겨울철 황해 연안 해역 이상 수온 해석
문정언 ( Jeong Eon Moon ),양찬수 ( Chan Su Yang ) 大韓遠隔探査學會 2009 大韓遠隔探査學會誌 Vol.25 No.1
각종 위성자료와 현장 관측자료를 이용하여 2004년 겨울철 황해 연안해역 이상수온 상승 현상과 외해의 해양 변동과의 연관성에 대하여 연구하였다. 위성자료에 의하면, 2003년 황해의 평균 해수면온도는 10℃ 정도였고, 2004년의 평균 해수면온도는 13℃ 정도로 약 3℃ 정도 높았다. 현장관측 자료에서는 2003년 황해의 평균 표층수온은 9.85℃ 정도였고, 2004년의 평균 표층수온은 12.17℃ 정도로 위성자료와 마찬가지로 약 3℃ 정도 높았다. T-S diagram 분석에 의하면, 2003년은 황해 수괴와 동중국해 수괴를 아주 명확하게 구분되었지만, 2004년에는 양 수괴의 구분이 명확하지 않았다. 2003년의 평균 기온과 풍속은 각각 5.23℃, 4.81 m/s이고, 2004년의 평균 기온과 풍속은 각각 5.61℃, 4.52 m/s로 유사하였다. 그러나 2003년에는 북서풍이 우세하였으나, 2004년에는 다양한 북풍 계열의 바람이 불어서 풍향이 달랐다. 2004년 겨울철 황해 연안해역의 이상수온 상승은 대기의 영향보다 외해 해양 변동과 갚은 연관성이 있는 것으로 판단되었고, 이에 대해서는 추후 연구가 이루어질 것이다. We studied on the relationship between oceanic variation in the offshore and abnormal sea surface temperature rise in the coastal area of the Yellow Sea using a variety of satellite and in-situ data during winter 2004. In results of the satellite data, the average value of sea surface temperature in the Yellow Sea for 2003 was 10℃, and the average value of sea surface temperature for 2004 was 13℃. It was higher than those of the last year about 3℃. In result, of the in-situ data, the average value of surface layer temperature in the Yellow Sea for 2003 was 9.85℃, and the average value of surface layer temperature for 2004 was 12.17℃. In the same satellite data, it was higher than those of the last year about 3℃. In results of the T-S diagram, we divided definitely into water mass of the Yellow Sea and the East China Sea in 2003. But we didn`t divide definitely into water mass of the Yellow Sea and the East China Sea in 2004. The average values of air temperature and wind speed for 2003 were 5.23℃ and 4.81 m/s, respectively. And, the average values of air temperature and wind speed for 2004 were 5.61℃ and 4.52 m/s, respectively. So, These were similar. But the wind directions for 2003 were superior northwestern wind, and the wind directions for 2004 were various northern wind. The wind directions were different from each other. Therefore, the abnormal sea surface temperature rise in the coastal area of the Yellow Sea during winter 2004 were better related to oceanic variation in the offshore than influences of atmosphere. In the future, We will do in-depth study for these.
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정지궤도 해색탑재체(GOCI) 해수환경분석 알고리즘 개발
문정언 ( Jeong Eon Moon ),안유환 ( Yu Hwan Ahn ),유주형 ( Joo Hyung Ryu ),Palanisamy Shanmugam 大韓遠隔探査學會 2010 大韓遠隔探査學會誌 Vol.26 No.2
GOCI(정지궤도 해색센서) 해수환경분석 알고리즘들은 해양 광 특성 현장관측 자료들을 이용하여 개발되었다. 사용된 자료는 1998년부터 2009년까지 한반도 주변 해역에서 총 1348개 정점에서 얻어진 엽록소 농도(Chl-a), 부유물 농도(SS), 용존유기물의 흡광계수(adom), 원격반사도(Rrs) 현장자료들이다. GOCI엽록소 농도 산출 알고리즘(GOCI Chl-a)은 부유물과 용존유기물의 영향을 모두 고려하고 네 개의 원격반사도 밴드비를 이용하여 Several ocean color algorithms have been developed for GOCI (Geostationary Ocean Color Imager) using in-situ bio-optical data sets. These data sets collected around the Korean Peninsula between 1998 and 2009 include chlorophyll-a concentration (Chl-a), sus
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문정언 ( Jeong-eon Moon ),최종국 ( Jong-kuk Choi ) 대한원격탐사학회 2021 大韓遠隔探査學會誌 Vol.37 No.3
태평양 적도 부근에 위치한 팔라우섬과 통가섬 주변 연안해역은 산호초와 맹그로브 및 해초지로 구성된 해역이다. 특히, 산호초 서식지의 표층 해수의 광특성을 이해하는 것은 원격탐사 기반의 서식지 분류의 정확도를 높이고, 열대해역 생태계 특성을 파악하는 데에 도움이 된다. 본 연구에서는 팔라우섬과 통가섬 산호초 서식지의 해수 특성을 파악하고자 해수 표면의 파장별 분광특성 자료를 수집하고, 해수 표층의 부유물 농도, 흡광계수 및 원격반사도 특성을 분석하였다. 또한 부유물 농도 분석 결과에 의거 위성자료 기반 부유물 농도 추정 경험적 알고리즘을 개발 및 검증하였으며, 555, 625, 660 nm 세 개 밴드를 이용한 원격반사도 밴드비와 부유물 농도의 결정계수가 0.98로 높은 상관관계를 보였다. 이와 같이 열대해역의 산호초 서식지는 해양광학적으로 빈영양성의 CASE-I 해수 성향이 강하며, 현장자료의 지속적인 수집과 분석을 이용한 모니터링이 필요한 것으로 판단된다. The coastal areas around Palau Island and Tonga Island, near the Pacific equator, consist of coral reefs, mangrove and seaweed. In particular, understanding the optical properties of sea surface water in coral reef habitats helps improve the accuracy of remote sensing based habitat mapping and identify tropical ecosystem characteristics. Here, we collected spectral characteristics of sea surface water of Palau Island and Tonga Island and analyzed the concentration of suspended matters, absorption coefficient, and remote sensing reflectance to understand the seawater characteristics of the coral reef habitats. Based on the results of the suspended matter concentration analysis, we developed and verified an empirical algorithm to derive the concentration from satellite data using remote sensing reflectance of three bands, 555, 625, 660 nm, showed a high determinant coefficient, 0.98. In conclusion, coral reef habitats in tropical regions are characterized by CASE-I water in terms of the marine optics with oligotrophic properties, and require monitoring using continuous collection and analysis of field data.
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