재미교포 여성의 한국문화관과 통일의식

문애리 이화여대 한국여성연구소 1995 여성학논집 Vol.12 No.-

The purpose of this study is two-fold. One is to examine Korean-American women's attitudes toward gender role, marriage, and family relations, as well as their ethnic identity and pride. The other is to examine the women's perceptions and knowledge about South and North Korea, and their perspectives on the unification of Korea, including its desirability, feasibility, major obstacles, challenges, and consequences. The study sample consists of 256 women of Korean descent, who were, at the time of survey, legal immigrants or citizens of the United States, 18 years or older, andwho were residing in Los Angeles County, California. To increase the sample's representativeness of the study population, 30% of study subjects were randomly sampled from the people with the last name “Kim”listed in telephone directories, and the others were recruited at various sampling sites, including social, professional, and religious organizations, Korean markest, coffee shops, health clinics, beauty salons, colleges and universities. Using a structured questionnaire, data was collected through telephone interviews(30%), face-to-face interviews(20%), and self-administration of the questionnaire by respondents(50%). The demographic and socioeconomic characteristics of the sample were similar to the 1990 U.S. Census data on Korean-American women and families. The average age of respondents was 37, ranging from 18 to 80 years old. Fifty-seven percent were currently married, and 33% were never married. While 89% were born in Korea, 51% were holding American citizenship. Of those born outside the U.S., about half(51%) immigrated to the U.S. in the 1980s, and 29% in the 1970s. The respondents, on average, had lived in the U.S. for 13 year. The majority(60%) were college graduates or had some college education, while only 7% had middle school or less education. About 44% were working full-time, and 21% working part-time. Among working respondents, including part-time workers, 25% had an average monthly income between $1,000 and $2,000, 22% between $2,000 and $3,000, and 14% had more than $4,000, while 27% had less than $1,000. The median monthly income of respondents' families was between $4,000 and $5,000. The study's findings suggest that many Korean-American women do not hold traditional Korean values concerning women's happiness, marriage, and family relations. In response to the question about what constitutes a happy life for a woman, onl 16% of respondents indicated “being a good mother and good wife,”traditionally defined roles and indicators of happiness for Korean women, while 67% answered “both being successful in society and being a good mother and wife.” By pursuing multiple roles in and outside the family, many respondents seemed to have high expectations of themselves, and thereby imposing heavy burdens on themselves. Statistically respondents who conformed to the Korean traditional role of women were more likely married, non-working, significantly older, less educated, and had lower income. Similarly, only 25% believed that women must marry, another traditional value, whereas 70% indicated that marriage for womenis not a must but a choice. Statistically significant variables for those holding tradtional value regarding marriage for women were marital status (married as opposed to never married), older age, loser educational level, and older age at the time of immigration to the U.S. Futhermore, a mere 4% agreed that only a son, even by adoption, should inherit the family line, conforming to the traditional norm and practice in the Korean family system. Almost half(47%) indicated that it is no longer important to continue a family tree, and 44% indicated that if there is no son, a daughter should inherit the family line. Similarly, only 4% agreed that for a married woman, living with her parents-in-oaw is natural and desirable, but living with her own parents in desirable only when inevitable, rejecting the traditional Korean living arrangement practice. Instead, 41% believed that living with one's own parents and parents-in-law are equally reasonable, if not desirable, and 35% indicated that it is not desirable to live with either own or husband's parents. Findings on the division of domestic labor and family's financial responsibility among 150 respondents living with a spouse or partner showed that only 21% shared the housework with their husbands/partners almost equally, while 64% did all housework by themselves or with occasional help from their husbands/partners. This can be compared with the finding that 60% shared the family financial burden with their husbands/partners, and only 34% indicated that the burden is borne exclusively by their husbands/partners. This suggests that although the greater employment opportunities and earning potential for women in the U.S., compared to Korea, had significantly contributed to the high rate of Korean-American women's participation in the labor force(60%) and improved the family's economic well-being, domestic labor was still performed primarily by women. This finding is indicative of the heavy burden borne by many married Korean-American women. With respect to ethnic identity, 66% of respondents identified themselves as Koean, 32% Korean-American, and only one respondent identified as American. Moreover, 80% indicated South Korea as the country of their homeland, 11% indicated South and North Korea together, and only 7% indicated the U.S. About 61% reported that they were most proud of being Korean or Korean descendent when Korean people's excellence was internationally recognized, and 15% indicated when they thought about Korea's long history and culture. This suggests that Korean-Americans, living in a multicultural society, are very sensitive to the image of Korea and Koreans as perceived by other ethnic groups, and they are strongly attached to their roots in Korean history and culture. The majority of respondents(57%) indicated that they had little or no knowledge about North Korea in general. When asked to name or describe any recent events in South and North Korea they knew or heard of, almost half(47%) gave “don't konw any”response for North Korea, as opposed to only 7% for South Korea. Furthermore, 91% had never heard North Korea's national anthem and 32% had never ween its national flag, whereas almost all respondents(99% and 100%) had heard and seen South Korea's national anthem and flag. Despite their limited knowledge about North Korea, many had more positive perceptions about North Koreans than about South Koreans. North Koreans were perceived as diligent, strong willed, genuine or pure, and having strong sense of solidarity. In contrast, South Koreans were viewd as extravagant, arrogant, and greedy, though diligent. However, most respondents regarded the most siginificant difference between South and North Koreas as economic (41%) and political (35%) structural differences rather than cultural, emotional or ethnic. Findings reveal considerable variations in the respondents' perceptions about the importance, feasibility, and consequences of unification of Koreas. Almost 26% indicated little or no interest in the issue of unification, 34% showed some interest, while 40% had much interest. More than two-thirds(69%) agreed that South and North Koreas must be unified, and 59% indicated that unification must be accomplished gradually, protecting and promoting the equal status of the two in the process, while 28% preferred the method of economically superior one absorbing the other. among eight demographic and socioeconomic variables(age, age when immigrated to the U.S., were significant variables. That is, respondents who expressed much interest in and importance of unification of Koreas, on average, were significantly older and came to the U.S. at older age than their counterparts. Fifty-nine percent were positive about the feasibility of unification, 12% negative, and 30% had no opinion. Again, those with positive view were significantly older and came to the U.S. at older age than those with no opinion. Futhermore, about 15% anticipated that the unification was likely to be achieved within 5 years, 40% between 6-10 years, and 19% between 11-20 years. Regarding the major barriers to the unification, 27% pointed out South and North Korean politicians' selfish interest in using unification issues for their own political power struggles, while 18% and 17% indicated ideological difference and mutual distrust between the two countries, respectively. Other barriers included interference and obstruction by other countries(12%) and fear about changes the unification may bring(12%). About 80% anticipated that the unification would bring a lot of confusion and disorder of various kinds to Korea, and 54% indicated that such a transition period will last for a long time, while 26% anticipated it to be temporary and relatively short. Nevertheless, 45% expected the unification to have a positive impact on the economies and standards of living in both countries, 22% expected such positive change in the North, but deterioration in the South, and 10% foresaw deterioration in both. Similarly, 37% anticipated that the unification would contribute to improving the status of women in both countries, 15% indicated no change, while 7% foresaw deterioration in both. Finally, 71% believed that Korean Americans could make positive contribution to the unification effort primarily through their economic and cultural exchanges with and missionary activities in North Korea. As well as through their efforts to eeucate and influence the American public and politicians about the appropriate role and policy toward the unification. Ⅰ. 서 론 Ⅱ. 연구방법 및 표본 Ⅲ. 연구결과 1. 여성의 삶과 결혼,자녀교육 및 가사분담 2. 한국인에 대한 인식 및 아이덴티티 3. 남한과 북한에 대한 지식수준 및 의식구조 4. 남북분단 및 통일에 관한 의식구조 5. 통일후 남북한의 변화에 대한 견해 Ⅳ. 결 론 영문초록

Future research direction after the pandemic

문애리 한국공업화학회 2022 한국공업화학회 연구논문 초록집 Vol.2022 No.-

儒林葬의 의례절차와 사회적 의미

문애리 한국역사민속학회 1999 역사민속학 Vol.8 No.-

흰쥐 간의 글루쿠론화에 미치는 마취제의 영향

문애리 德成女子大學校 藥學硏究所 1994 藥學論文誌 Vol.5-6 No.1

As an approach to elucidate the possible involvement of licorice on the glucuronidation in rats, the enzymatic activity of hepatic UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 2 (UDP-GT2) and intracellular concentrations of hepatic UDP-glucuronic acid (UDP-GA) upon the pretreatment of licorice were measured. Anesthetics such as ether and pentobarbital are often administered to the animals before the livers are taken. Ether inhalation has been reported to decrease dramatically the hepatic concentration of UDP-GA when the livers were removed 1 hr after the administration of ether. It is also possible that pentobarbital, a kind of barbiturates, has some effect on the glucuronidation since phenobarbital has been known to affect the enzymatic activity of UDP-GT. In the present study, effect of anesthetics was determined. Enzymatic activity of UDP-GT2 and intracellular concentrations of hepatic UDP-GA upon the pretreatment of Glycyrrhizae Radix(GR, 1g/㎏ body weight, p.o., 6 days) were measured when the livers were removed right after the animals were anesthetized with ether inhalation or pentabarbital treatment (50㎎/㎏. i.p.). GR caused significant increases in specific activities of UCP-GT2 by 79-120% and hepatic concentrations of UDP-GA by 132-241%. Neither ether inhalation nor pentobarbital treatment reduced hepatic UDP-GA concentrations or substantially altered hepatic UDP-GT2 activities. This result demonstrates that the use of ether or pentobarbital did not infuence hepatic glucuronidation when the livers were removed shortly after the anesthetization.

간염 B형 바이러스 유전자를 포함하는 재조합 종두바이러스 벡터의 제조

문애리 德成女子大學校 藥學硏究所 1996 藥學論文誌 Vol.7 No.1

The hepatitis B virus (HBV) is a small, enveloped virus with a circular, double-stranded DNA genome. HBV causes active and chronic hepatitis worldwide, including Korea, and is considered to be a major factor for liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. In contrast to the wealth of knowledge on the gene structure and expressional regulation, immunological and pathological mechanisms for HBV-induced hepatocellular injury are not well known. In the present study, vaccinia virus, which has been demonstrated to be a useful eukaryotic expression vector, was used to clone the genes for HBV surface antigens, S and L(S+pre-S2+pre-S1). Two recombinant vaccinia virus vectors, pMJ-S and pMJ-L, which contain S and L surface antigen genes of adr-subtype HBV were constructed. The HBV-vaccinia virus recombinants obtained in this study will be used for studying the immunological aspects of HBV infection.

Prevalence of Noroviruses in Oysters in Korea

문애리,황인균,최원상 한국식품과학회 2011 Food Science and Biotechnology Vol.20 No.4

A total of 156 raw oyster samples were collected from 23 retail points in Korea between February 13 and April 7, 2006 and were analyzed by a semi-nested reverse transcription-PCR for naturally occurring noroviruses (NoV). As a whole, noroviral RNA was detected in 14.1%(22/156) of the samples, of which 12.2% (19/156) belonged to genogroup I (GI) and 1.9% (3/156) genogroup II (GII),respectively. The frequencies of NoV contamination apparently differed depending on the retail points or harvesting areas considered: however, the differences were not statistically significant.

생명공학기법을 이용한 백신의 개발

문애리 德成女子大學校 藥學硏究所 1994 藥學論文誌 Vol.5-6 No.1

민간 비영리 서비스 기관에 대한 기부행위 및 기부자의 특성에 관한 연구

문애리 ( Ai Lee Moon ),류근관 ( Keun Kwan Ryu ) 한국응용경제학회 2009 응용경제 Vol.11 No.1

이 논문은 일곱 종류 비영리 서비스 기관에 대한 기부행위의 결정요인과 기부자의 특성을 밝힌다. 각 서비스 기관별로 응답자의 나이, 교육수준, 결혼 상태, 주택소유 현황, 가구 소득, 부양가족 수, 자발적 봉사 경험의 유무, 정부의 사회복지 지출에 대한 태도 등 제반 인구학적 및 사회경제학적 변수가 기부확률 및 기부 금액에 어떤 영향을 미치는지 실증적으로 분석한다. 토빗모형(Tobit model)의 추정결과를 토대로 기부금액의 소득탄력성도 추정한다. This empirical study identifies the determinants of charitable contributions and the distinctive characteristics of contributors for seven different types of private nonprofit service organizations. For this purpose, the demographic and socioeconomic characteristics of 305 randomly sampled households, including respondents` age, educational level, marital status, homeownership, family income, number of income earners, number of dependents, volunteer experiences, and attitudes toward government spending in areas related to the charities are examined. Because of the significance of income as a determinant of contributions, the income elasticity of contributions is also estimated for each type of organization.

생명공학기법을 이용한 백신의 개발

문애리(A Ree Moon) 한국응용약물학회 1995 Biomolecules & Therapeutics(구 응용약물학회지) Vol.3 No.1

N/A

간염 B형 형질전환동물 제조를 위한 간염 B형 바이러스 유전자의 조작

문애리,김승희 德成女子大學校 1996 德成女大論文集 Vol.27 No.-

Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is one of the serious problems in Southeast Asia including Korea because it causes acute and chronic hepatitis, which can easily be transformed to fatal conditions such as cirrhosis and hepatoma. Even though lots of informations on structural characteristics and hepatoma. Even though lots of informations on structural characteristics and gene expression mechanisms have been accumulated, the mechanism for HBV-induced hepatocellular injury which is believed to be the consequences of the ummunological response is not well understood. In order to perform immunopathological sutdies for prevention and treatment of HBV infection, we designed transgenic mice as a disease model which and mimic HBV infection. In this study, a promoter-HBV DNA fragment for the prepatation of HBV transgenic mice has been constructed. To add a proper enzyme site on 5' end of HBV gene, total HBV (subtype adr) gene was inferted into BamHI site of pBluescript SK vector and reeztracted by BamHI-PstI treatments. Promoter-HBV DNA was constructed by ligation of two fragments using identical PstI sites. For large scale production of promoter -HBV DNA, it was inserted to BamHI-SacI site of pBluescript SK vector, resulting in the construction of pBSKPH. The pBSKPH will be introduced to mouse embryo in the future to make HBV-transgenic mice which would make a useful animal model for studying HBV infection.