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김형주 ( Hyeng Ju Kim ) 東亞大學校附設 石堂傳統文化硏究院 1983 石堂論叢 Vol.7 No.-
This research is intended to describe the various phenomena of Namhae Dialect (ND) comparing it with other Korean dialects from the synchronic point of view. 1. The contrast of bilabials /p/, /p`/, and /pb/ is the same as that of Seoul Dialect (SD), but the linguistic environments in which the variants occur are more diverse than other dialects. /β/ is in free variation with /b/. Alveolar fricvatives /s/ and /s`/ are distinctive in ND, while in Eastern Kyengnam or in Kyengbuk they are non-distinctive. Palato-alveolars are simpler than other dialects: they do not make variants, /ts/, /dz/, /ts`/, /tsh/, while they contrast in three phonemes, /c/, /c`/, /ch/. Velar /k/ does not make alveolar variants but contrasts in three phonemes, /k/, /k`/, /kh/. Intervocalic /η/ appears as an initial of the following word like the initial /η/ of the 15th century. Liquid /1/ has no variant of /Λ/. Front vowels /ε/ and /e/, unlike in Eastern Kyengnam Dialect (EKD), are distinctive, but somtimes become free variants. So do mid-vowels /∂/ and /i/. Back vowels /u/ and /o/ contrast as in SD. The EKD free variants /u/ and /o/ do not appear in SD. ND does not have the phonemes /y/ and /ø/, but SD does have them. ND has 8 vowsls. ND has five diphthongs: /ja/, /je/, /jo/, /ju/, and /wa/, and these are all rising diphthongs. The following table compares ND vowels with SD ones. 2. 8 vowels and 5 diphthongs constitute syllabie nucleus. The arrangement of mid-consonants cluster is similar to SD, but, with a diphthong in the middlepposition of the following syllable, the initial consonant of the cluster is restricted. In case of consonauts clustor with /l/ included, /l/ becomes sileut, and pronounced /k/ or /p/. The noncontigious assimilation of intervocalic consonants shows difference between ND and SD; deletes /n/ before /i/ or /j-/. Without the connection `consonant+diphthong`, ND has no contraction nor abbreviation. ND has many mutually-interchangiable pairs with various correspondences. In ND the fortis phenomenon of initial consonants is more remarkable than in SD, and in case of /s/ and /k/, they are closer to SD, which testifies historic and geographical relation Namhae has with Seoul. 3. ND preserves more Old Korean words than other dialects, and more Old Korean phonemes, especially /p/, /k/, and /s/ between words. This is a result from the environment of Namhae.
이타,정종현,김형주,이용학,Lee, Ta,Jeong, Jong-Hyun,Kim, Hyeng-Ju,Lee, Yong-Hak 대한토목학회 2015 대한토목학회논문집 Vol.35 No.1
강-콘크리트 슬립실험으로 결정된 계면 계수값을 휨하중을 받는 콘크리트 충전강관 실험의 결과예측에 적용하여 콘크리트 충전강관의 계면거동과 구속효과를 평가하였다. 이를 위해 ${\phi}100mm$ 및 ${\phi}200mm$의 두 종류 강관 직경을 갖는 콘크리트 충전 강관(CFT)을 제작하여 휨 거동실험을 수행하였으며, 계면거동을 고려하는 유한요소 해석을 수행하여 거동을 예측하였다. 실험 및 해석결과의 분석을 통해 충전 콘크리트에 대한 강관의 구속효과는 강도의 계산에서 고려할 만한 정도의 영향성은 없는 것을 확인하였다. 또한, 강관과 충전콘크리트 간의 계면슬립변위는 하중 재하점 부근에서 가장 크게 발생하고 단부에 가까울수록 감소하며 전단지간 내의 계면에 작용하는 부착력이 단부에서 콘크리트의 압출을 억제함을 유한요소해석 결과를 통해 확인하였다. Interface behavior of concrete-infilled steel tube (CFT) was investigated based on the experimental observations and numerical analyses. Laboratory tests were performed for twelve CFTs that consisted of two different cases of diameters where each diameter case was composed of three different cases of shear span length. Thereby, diameter and shear span parameters were considered to prove the question of whether there exists interface slip between steel tube and infilled-concrete. Confining effect of steel tube to infilled concrete was also investigated by measuring lateral strain as well as longitudinal strain. Based on the study, it was concluded that confining effect of steel tube to infilled-concrete is not influential under flexural loading and therefore, the sectional analysis is an effective way to estimate the flexural strength of CFT.
國語語彙意味의 統合과 分化 : 慶南方言을 中心으로 With Focus on the Kyung-nam Dialect
金亨柱 동아대학교 어학연구소 1984 언어와 언어교육 Vol.1 No.1
This paper attempts to reveal how diversely the meanings of words are divided and synthesized in different dialects even within a limited area. If the area of research is broadened, the diversity will be even greater. The study of contemporary Korean must be a study of living dialects. Therefore the study of diverse lexical meanings in different areas is no less important than the study of phonological and morphological aspects, and such a study should be systematizd. The phenomena revealed are as follows: 1. There are cases in which two or more concepts are synthesized into one. 2. There are cases in which a single concept is divided into two or more. 3. Some pairs of synonymous words are used as non-synonyms. 4. There are cases in which several words refer to similar objects, and so they form a group. It is true according to the cultural and sociological development which has occurred, the diversification of meanings in language enables us to satisfactorily express our thoughts and emotions. On the other hand, it can be said that, in some aspects, the difficulty of language expression becomes greater, because there are cases in which words denoting several meanings in the past are now synthesized into a single concept.