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이중편파레이더 관측오차 보정에 따른 강수량 추정값 개선
김해림,박혜숙,고정석,Kim, Hae-Lim,Park, Hye-Sook,Ko, Jeong-Seok 한국수자원학회 2014 한국수자원학회논문집 Vol.47 No.12
이중편파레이더는 강수의 형태를 구분하고 대기 중의 기상 현상뿐만 아니라 비강수에코에 대한 정보를 제공하기 때문에 보다 정확한 강수량 추정을 가능하게 한다. 그러나 수직, 수평으로 진동하는 전파를 송 수신하여 생성되는 이중편파레이더 관측변수들은 레이더 자체가 갖는 시스템적 관측오차를 포함하기 때문에 정량적 강수량 추정을 위해서는 이에 대한 보정이 필수적이다. 본 연구에서는 2차원 영상우적계(2-Dimensional Video Disdrometer, 이하 2DVD) 관측 자료를 이용하여 비슬산 이중편파레이더가 갖는 Z, $Z_{DR}$ 관측오차를 계산한 후, 관측오차 보정에 따라 강수량이 정량적으로 얼마나 개선되는지를 살펴보았다. 총 33강수사례에 대한 분석결과, Z는 약-0.3~5.5 dB, $Z_{DR}$는 -0.1~0.6 dB의 관측오차를 가지며, 대부분의 사례에서 Z와 $Z_{DR}$는 모의된 값보다 낮게 관측하였다. 관측오차를 보정한 전 후 산출된 이중편파레이더 강수량 추정값을 지상관측 강우강도와 비교한 결과, 평균 bias와 RMSE는 각각 1.54 mm/hr, 1.73 mm/hr로 보정 전의 1.69 mm/hr, 2.54 mm/hr 보다 감소함으로써 지상우량계 관측값 대비 레이더 강수량 추정값이 약 7~61% 향상되었다. Dual-polarization can distinguish precipitation type and dual-polarization is provide not only meteorological phenomena in the atmosphere but also non-precipitation echoes. Therefore dual-polarization radar can improve radar estimates of rainfall. However polarimetric measurements by transmitting vertically vibration waves and horizontally vibrating waves simultaneously is contain systematic bias of the radar itself. Thus the calibration bias is necessary to improve quantitative precipitation estimation. In this study, the calibration bias of reflectivity (Z) and differential reflectivity ($Z_{DR}$) from the Bislsan dual-polarization radar is calculated using the 2-Dimensional Video Disdrometer (2DVD) data. And an improvement in rainfall estimation is investigated by applying derived calibration bias. A total of 33 rainfall cases occurring in Daegu from 2011 to 2012 were selected. As a results, the calibration bias of Z is about -0.3 to 5.5 dB, and $Z_{DR}$ is about -0.1 dB to 0.6 dB. In most cases, the Bislsan radar generally observes Z and $Z_{DR}$ variables lower than the simulated variables. Before and after calibration bias, compared estimated rainfall from the dual-polarization radar with AWS rain gauge in Daegu found that the mean bias has fallen by 1.69 to 1.54 mm/hr, and the RMSE has decreased by 2.54 to 1.73 mm/hr. And estimated rainfall comparing to the surface rain gauge as ground truth, rainfall estimation is improved about 7-61%.
김해림,Kim, Hae-Rim 한국과학기술단체총연합회 1973 과학과 기술 Vol.6 No.6
산림은 국가의 부강과 직결된다. 선진제국의 울창한 삼림은 일종일석에 이루어진 것은 아니다. 우리나라도 정부 수립후 반세기에 걸쳐 많은 인력과 재정을 쏟았건만ㆍㆍㆍ 녹화에의 꿈은 아직도 멀기만 하다. 우리의 소중한 자원인 산림은 어떻게 보호되고 가꾸어져야 할 것인가? 「푸른 내일을 설계」하기에 앞서 전문교수들의 의견을 들어보자.
마우스배아줄기세포의 in vitro 시험계 활용을 위한 신경세포 분화프로토콜의 비교
김해림 ( Hae Rim Kim ),남기환 ( Ki Hoan Nam ),김은경 ( Eun Kyoung Kim ),윤원기 ( Won Ki Yoon ),원영석 ( Young Suk Won ),문옥성 ( Ok Seong Moon ),정의배 ( Eu Bae Joung ),안병우 ( Byeong Woo Ahn ),김형진 ( Hyoung Chin Kim ) 한국동물실험대체법학회 2008 동물실험대체법학회지 Vol.2 No.1
Mouse embryonic stem cells are pluripotent stem cells that can be differentiate into all the cell types derived from three germ layers in vitro. We aimed to confirm the neuronal cell types derived from the embryonic stem cells by two different differentiation protocols, which would guide us which protocol is useful for in vitro neuronal toxicity test. The mouse embryonic stem cells derived from 129 mouse strain, TC-1 cells, were differentiated according to 30-day differentiation protocol or 15-day differentiation protocol. At the end of the differentiation period, neuronal cells (neuron, astrocyte and oligodendrocyte) were identified by immunocytochemistry using marker antibodies. According to the results, the numbers of astrocytes and oligodendrocytes were much higher than that of neurons in 30-day differntiation protocol. However, oligodendrocytes were overwhelming compared to astrocytes and neurons in the 15-day differntiation protocol. These results indicated that the neuronal cell types and the cell numbers derived from the embryonic stem cells should be considered when selecting in vitro neuronal cell toxicity models using embryonic stem.
미산부 여성에서 발생한 Osteitis Condensans Ilii
김해림 ( Hae Rim Kim ),김영백 ( Young Baek Kim ),김동림 ( Dong Lim Kim ),김숙경 ( Sook Kyung Kim ),이상헌 ( Sang Heon Lee ) 대한류마티스학회 2006 대한류마티스학회지 Vol.13 No.3
Osteitis condensans ilii (OCI) is a benign joint condition, which is most often seen in young multiparous women. It is essentially diagnosed by radiological findings which reveal a bilateral and symmetrical sclerosis of iliac sides of sacroiliac joints or narrowing. A 30-year-old woman presented with a ten-year history of low back pain and buttock pain. She was a nulliparous woman and had no history of pregnancy. Her low back pain was mild and developed intermittently. Physical examinations and laboratory studies were unremarkable. Plain X-ray showed bilateral sclerosis of the iliac bones adjacent sacroiliac joints. Computed tomography confirmed the sclerotic changes in both iliac bones without a bony change in sacrum. There is no joint space narrowing or bony erosion in the sacroiliac joints. On the basis of the imaging studies, she was diagnosed as OCI and treated symptomatically with non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. After the symptomatic treatment, her symptom was improved.
루푸스 신염의 치료에 있어 Mycophenolate Mofetil의 효과와 안전성
김해림 ( Hae Rim Kim ),김상현 ( Sang Hyon Kim ),김성동 ( Sung Dong Kim ),박경수 ( Kyung Soo Park ),윤종현 ( Chong Hyeon Yoon ),김완욱 ( Wan Uk Kim ),홍연식 ( Youn Sik Hong ),이상헌 ( Sang Heon Lee ),박성환 ( Sung Hwan Park ),조철 대한류마티스학회 2004 대한류마티스학회지 Vol.11 No.3
Objective: To determine the therapeutic effect of mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) and the adverse effects associated with MMF in patients with lupus nephritis. Methods: We studied 51 patients with lupus nephritis, who had received MMF for more than 3 months. The efficacy was assessed as renal profiles, SLE disease activity index (SLEDAI), serum cytokine levels and oral corticosteroid dose. The adverse effects were evaluated by medical records and interview of each patient. Serum cytokine levels of IL-10, IFN-α and IFN-γ were determined by sandwich ELISA at starting MMF and at 12 months after MMF therapy. Results: MMF treatment resulted in complete remission 52.9%, partial remission 25.5% and treatment failure 21.6%. There was no difference of MMF efficacy between WHO class IV and V in 32 patients with biopsy-proven nephritis. The renal profiles and parameters for disease activity were improved, as assessed by increased serum albumin and C3 level, decreased proteinuria, cyturia, ESR, SLEDAI and oral corticosteroid doses. Serum IL-10 decreased after MMF therapy in class IV group, but not in class V group. Serum IFN-α, IFN-γ level and IFN-γ/IL-10 ratio also tended to decrease after MMF therapy. GI troubles including dyspepsia, nausea, vomiting and diarrhea were the most common adverse effects of MMF as 54.9%, followed by hair loss, leukopenia, anemia, infection, but there was no serious adverse effect. Conclusion: MMF is an effective and well tolerable immunosuppressant for both class IV and V lupus nephritis, even not responding or intolerable to conventional immunosuppressive therapy.