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Tritium Concentrations of Tritiated Water Vapor and Tritiated Hydrogen in the Atmosphere in Taejon
김창규,한만중,김계훈,Kim, C.K.,Han, M.J.,Kim, K.H. Korean Association for Radiation Protection 1997 방사선방어학회지 Vol.22 No.2
대기중 삼중수소에 대한 국내 기초 준위를 파악하기 위하여 1995년 3월부터 12월까지 대전지역 대기중 수증기상태의 삼중수소(HTO) 및 가스상태의 삼중수소(HT)의 농도를 측정하였다. 대기시료는 삼중수소 포집장치를 이용하여 3주간 계속적으로 채취하였으며, 대기중 삼중수소는 액체섬광계수기(Liquid scintillation counter)를 이용하여 계측하였다. 대기중 HTO의 농도는 3.2-36 mBq $m^{-3}$ (평균 : 16.2 mBq $m^{-3}$)이었으며, 여름철에 높고 겨울철에 낮은 농도를 나타내었다. 이러한 경향은 대기중 절대습도의 변화와 유사하였다. 한편, 대전지역 대기 수분중삼중수소의 비방사능 농도는 0.62-3.82 Bq $L^{-3}$ 범위의 값을 나타내었으며, 대기중 HT는 35.7-48.9 mBq $m^{-3}$(평균 : 41.1 mBq $m^{-3}$)의 농도범위를 나타내었다. During the period of March 1995 to December 1995, tritium concentrations of tritiated water vapor (HTO) and tritiated hydrogen (HT) in the atmosphere in Taejon were measured to evaluate present background levels of tritium in the atmosphere. Air samples were collected continuously for three weeks with a sampling system for tritium in the atmosphere and were analyzed by a liquid scintillation counting system. The range of the atmospheric HTO concentrations was 3.2-36 mBq $m^{-3}$ with a mean value of 16.2 mBq $m^{-3}$. The atmospheric HTO concentrations were the highest in summer and the lowest in winter. This trend was similar to the variation of atmospheric absolute humidity. The specific activities of tritium in atmospheric water vapor in Taejon ranged from 0.62 Bq $L^{-1}$ to 3.82 Bq $L^{-1}$ with a mean value of 2.04 Bq $L^{-1}$. The atmospheric HT concentrations were in the range of 35.7 mBq $m^{-3}$ to 48.9 mBq $m^{-3}$ with a mean value of 41.1 mBq $m^{-3}$.
선체용 압연강판에 대한 습식 수중 아크용접부의 기계적 특성에 관한 연구
김창규(C. G. Kim),곽희환(H. W. Kwak),김민남(M. N. Kim) 한국동력기계공학회 2008 동력시스템공학회지 Vol.12 No.2
Underwater wet arc welds of rolled steel plate (SM41) where studied welding and mechanical properties macro and narrow than that of the other things. Tensile strength of UWEB obtained to 521.5 MPa and of USBL was 524.1 MPa, but the highest elongation value was 4.68 %(UWEB). Bending strength(1166.6 MPa) of USBL is the largest and of UWEB in 1047 MPa, But deflection(22.73 ㎜) of UWEB in large than that of USBL(22.63 ㎜). Impact value(144.36 J/㎠) of JPUW is the largest and of UWEB(140 J/㎠) come after.
선체용 압연강판의 습식 수중 아크용접부의 기계적 특성에 관한 연구
김창규(C. G. KIM),곽희환(H. W. KWAK),김민남(M. N. KIM) 한국동력기계공학회 2006 한국동력기계공학회 학술대회 논문집 Vol.- No.-
Underwater wet arc welds of rolled steel plate (SM41) where studied welding and mechanical properties macro and narrow than that of the other things. Tensile strength of UWEB obtained to 521.5㎫ and of USBL was 524.1㎫, but the highest elongation value was 4.68%(UWEB). Bending strength(1166.6㎫) of USBL is the largest and of UWEB in l047㎫, But diffraction(22.73㎜) of UWEB in large than that of USBL(22.63㎜). Impact value(l44.36J/㎠) of JPUW is the largest and of UWEB(l40J/㎠) come after.
연주롤용 육성용접 재료의 고온마모 및 부식특성에 미치는 Nb, V의 영향
김창규(C. G. Kim),황동수(D. S. Whang),윤재홍(J. H. Yoon),강창룡(C. Y. Kang),곽희환(H. H. Kwak) 한국동력기계공학회 2004 동력시스템공학회지 Vol.8 No.3
In the steel making industries, the continuous casting process has been applied to the number of company because of its economical benefit. Casting rolls are utilized for frictional drive and transport of solidifying slap. Dimensional tolerances, mechanical stability and surface condition of the cast roll can affect both the surface and internal quality of the product being cast. To overcome these problems, the industry is accelerating on the rate of technology improvements. Samples were overlaid on the S45C steel by submerged arc welding process. And the hardness, wear, electrochemical corrosion and oxidation tests were carried out. Test results were that all these materials were satisfying basic requirements of caster rolls. By these results, the addition of 0.1%Nb and 0.15%V increase mechanical properties and tempering resistance by its superior carbide forming characteristics in low carbon 12~13%Cr martensitic stainless steels.
25Cr - 7Ni - 3Mo 2 상 스테인리스강의 미세조직과 기계적성질
강창룡,김효정,김창규,김익수,주동원,성장현 ( C . Y . Kang,H . J . Kim,C . G . Kim,I . S . Kim,D . W . Joo,J . H . Seong ) 한국열처리공학회 1998 熱處理工學會誌 Vol.11 No.3
N/A This study was carried out to investigate the influence of variations in the temperature and time of isothermal heat treatment, applied stresses and prestrain on the isothermal transformation behavior of γ and σ phases and mechanical properties of 25Cr-7Ni-3Mo duplex stainless steel. The precipitation of γ and σ phases through isothermal heat treatment showed the type curves with a certain incubation period, the curve migrated to in a short period of time and the amount of precipitation increased with decreasing isothermal heat treatment temperature. Under the state of isothermal transformation, the precipitation of γ and σ phases was stimulated by applied stress, with increasing applied stress, the curves migrated to in a short period of time and also observed that the application of stress has a greater influence on the amount of σ precipitation than that of γ precipitation. The precipitation of γ and σ phases was stimulated by cold and warm rolling before isothermal heat treatment and precipitation of γ and σ phases has a greater influence on the warm rolling than cold rolling. The tensile strength and hardness increased with increasing cold and warm rooling reduction ratio.
토코페롤에서 유도된 기능성 화장품용의 새로운 계면 활성제
김영대 ( Y. D. Kim ),김창규 ( C. K. Kim ),이충남 ( C. N. Lee ),하병조 ( B. J. Ha ),이우영 ( W. Y. Lee ) 대한화장품학회 1992 대한화장품학회지 Vol.18 No.1
기능성 화장품을 위한 일련의 새롭고 독특한 비이온 계면활성제들을 생리활성물질인 a-Tocopherol과 에칠렌옥사이드의 반응에 의해서 제조하였다. 반응 생성물의 구조는 H<sup>1</sup>-NMR, FT-IR, 원소분석, TLC를 통해 확인하였다. EP0에 대한 POV 와 CDV 연구에서 POE(n)TEs는 모두 토코페릴아세테이트와 유사한 항산화효과를 나타내었다. 그러나 POE(5)TE, POE(10)TE, P0E(18)TE의 광용혈에 대한 세포막보호효과는 Control에 비해 높은 결과를 나타내었다. POE(10)TE의 자외선흡수능은 Homosalate와 유사하게 나타났다. Primary Skin Irritation, Primary Eye Irritation 및 Acute Oral Toxicity 테스트결과 POE(n)TEs의 안전성이 입증되었다. P0E(n)TEs의 계면화학연구에서는 POE(10)TE가 가장낮은 CMC값을 나타내었고, POE(18)TE는 Maximum surface tension reduction과 최대 Foam volume을 보였다. 화장품의 실질적인 응용을 위한 테스트 결과 W/0유화에서는 POE(5>TE, 0/W유화에 서는 POE(10)TE 와 POE(12)TE, 분산에서는 POE(12)TE, 가용화에서는 P0E(18)TE, 겔화에서는 POE(50)TE가 우수하였는데, 이것은 POE(n)TEs의 구조적특성과 Liquid Crystal형성에 기인한 것으로 여겨진다. A new and unique class of nonionic surfactants was synthesized by reacting biological a-tocopherol with ethylene oxide for functional cosmetics. The structures were confirmed by Hl-UMR, FT-lR, TLC and elemental analysis. POV and conjugated diene value study for EPO showed POE(n)TE had antioxidative effect similar to tocopheryl acetate. Protective effect on cell membrane in photohemolysis of POE(5)TE, POE(10)TE and POE(18)TE were slightly lower than tocopherol but higher than nonoxynol-12, and POE(10)TE had UV absorption power comparable with tocopherol and homosalate. Biological activity of the hydrophobic group of the new surfactants make them unique and different from those of conventional nonionic surfactants. Systematic safety evaluations of POE(n)TEs on the skin and eye proved that they are as safe as tocopherol. The results of physicochemical study showed POE(10)TE had the lowest CMC value, POE(18)TE had the maximum surface tension reduction and the highest foam volume and POE(n)TEs had various HLB values by the degree of ethoxylation. The test results of technological and practical applications of these surfactants for cosmetics showed some POE(n)TEs were superior to conventional surfactants. POE(5)TE in W/O emulsions, POE(10)TE and POE(12)TE in O/W emulsions, POE(12)TE in dispersions, POE(18)TE in solubilizations and POE(50)TE in gelations were shown to be excellent which was considered due to the structural characteristic and formation of liquid crystals of POE(n)TEs. By the development and applications of these excel lent multi-functional surfactants, innovative functional cosmetics were successfully formulated.