부채꼴 재구성법을 이용한 양전자 전산 단층 촬영술의 공간 분해능 향상

김원수,이수영 경북대학교 전자기술연구소 1980 電子技術硏究誌 Vol.1 No.1

Fan-beam reconstruction algorithm for X-ray computerized tomography is applied to positron emission tomography. This algorithm makes an improvement in spatial resolution of reconstructed image, since effective sampling interval becomes reduced in comparison with conventional parallel reconstruction algorithm. Results of a computer simulation are shown.

英ㆍ露의 對日干涉과 淸日 開戰

金元洙 서울 敎育大學校 1992 論文集 Vol.25 No.-

龍巖浦租借交涉을 둘러싼 露日의 對韓 政策

金元洙 서울 敎育大學校 1991 論文集 Vol.24 No.-

새로운 상태방정식으로 계산된 금속의 임계점 값

金元洙 홍익대학교 산업기술연구소 1994 産業技術 Vol.4 No.-

A new state equation of gas from liquid theory has been applied to critical constants of metal gas. The parameters a and b of new equation can be found by using the value of heat of vaporization and collision diameter. Equilibrium gas and liquid volume can be calculated from the equation of state. No adjustable parameters which exhibit different values for different substances are involved in the calculation Calculated critical constants of alkali metal gases are compared with the observed values Critical constants of various metal gases which have not experimental values were also calculated and compared with the results of Grosse.

초임계유체의 온도 및 압력에 따르는 점성 계산

金元洙 홍익대학교 산업기술연구소 1995 産業技術 Vol.5 No.-

A theory of viscosity which was proposed by author has been applied to supercritical fluid. Thermodynamic properties used in calculation of viscosity were obtained from the state equation of Redlich-Kwoun. We can calculate the viscosity of various substances as a function of temperature and pressure in supercritical region. The calculated results are good in high pressures and may be useful in engineering applications.

金屬의 電氣 傳導度와 새 高溫 超傳導體 合成方案

金元洙 홍익대학교 산업기술연구소 1994 産業技術 Vol.3 No.-

A new model for both electrical conductivity and superconductivity is presented by considering that the resisitivity is taken as viscosity of electron gas and the superconduction is a result of phase transformation from electron gas to electron liquid on the basis of an analogy between viscosity and resisitivity. This model can successfully explain various unusual behavior of electrical conductivity and superconduction phenomena. An important conclusion follows for a still higher Tc. The critical temperature can be made higher as the structure of a superconductor becomes more anisotropic in terms of potential energy and as the height of energy barrier becomes larger.

商品學과 마케팅의 相互依存性

金元銖 서울대학교 경제연구소 1964 經濟論集 Vol.3 No.1

市場調査論의 體系化方向

金元銖 서울大學校商科大學 韓國經濟硏究所 1965 經濟論集 Vol.4 No.3

Ⅰ. Preface The science of marketing research has not been developed in earlier times because of its specific character resulting from the modern scientific management. It is, however, regarded as the most important sub-business function of modern consumer-oriented business. The fact-finding function is the basis of rationale and scientific management, because modern business performs business activity in order to adapt creatively on the environmental features of business enterprise. If business executives could not understand accurately the situation of business environment, they couldn't help to manage the business on his bunch, guesswork, or rule of thumb, in order to secure the objectivity and rationalism hence of business activity, it should collect, edit, analyze, and evaluate the information from all the aspect of business environment, and evaluate the informations for decision making and planning course. Modern business functions are executed under the course of planning, coordinating, and controlling. Planning is the first stage of business action. Plan which is formulated In the process of planning, is used as the benchmark of controlling business activity. The science of marketing research, however, has the great emphasis on business management, but it ha3 not been systematized and developed as a branch of well systematized knowledge, and thus the system of marketing research have come to get the character of heteroogeneity and accumulated knowledge system without order. In this sense, this treatise intends to scrutinize the essential features of marketing research function relating to modern business existence, am formulates a tentative system for research function and marketing reseach. Ⅱ. The features of business orientation Modern business is consumer oriented one. The function of production has originally been performed by producer-consumer in the time of ancient Self-sufficing economy. Then, the consumer demand regulated the quality and the volume of production activity. Thus production and consumption activity was integrated and performed correlatively under one economic subject. As the economic scales and areas are gradually enlarged, the self-sufficing economic system transferred to other-want-satisfying economic system which functions through the exchange activity. These facts suggests us that the production activity, which was integrated and performed under single producer- consumer, is segregated from him and committed to the business enterprise which was organized technically through the process of specialization. In these circumstances, the producer-consumer was divided in two different economic subjects, that is, producer and consumer. producer engages in production activity and produces the goods more economically and the goods are exchanged and distributed to the mass-consuming public and are consumed for sastisfying others' want. By these fact, we may conclude that business enterprise should he devote to the consumers benefit. And thus business enterprise has the character of consumer orientation. In a more narrow sense relating to specific business enterprise, the nation of consumer is substitutes by the notion of customer to whom the products are marketed continually, since customers are linking through the marketing activity, customer-oriented means marketing oriented feature. Ⅲ. Business activity process and the necessity of research function The targets of business-management are in the attainment of business objective, both social and individual. Business enterprise is not isolated existence from society but is the existence of society. So the buiness enterprise should accept the social restriction as business environmental forces. In this sense, it may be possible to define that the business management is the creative adaptation by a company to its changing environment, Social, political, economical and cultural environment exerts influence on the company, and the business executive must use the means of adaptation available to guide the firm toward its most profitable opportunities. The means of adaptation are each departmental function. For the purpose of maintaining rational and scientific management, plan is utilized as a guideposts of controlling business activity, and the standard for evaluating the business performance. Plan means the blueprint of future business activity which would be performed for the sake of getting the creative adaptation to its changing future environment. Planning courses are made up of several steps. In the first hand, planning function requires the decision making. Decision is the selection of some course of action (or inaction) to attain the objective. There are three imperatives in the process of decision making: (1) possible actions must be recognized; (2)the results of different actions must be predicted; and (3) the order of preference of there predicted results must be assessed. Research is potentially useful at least for the first two of these. The research function being performed for creative adaptation, should cover the environmental features as well as business capacity. Ⅳ. Review on the system of marketing research Marketing research functions are usually viewed and treated as a marketing sub-function and its findings on facts are solely utilized by marketing division. Forecasted sale potentials which have been estimated through the marketing research function, is used not only for the marketing planning but budgetary control. The volume of sales forecasts are embodied in marketing volume plan and in turn regulate the production volume plan, finance plan and personnel plan, etc. In these senses, the general notion on marketing research is very narrow and missleads the essence of its functional features. Hence many students of marketing research have defined the marketing research function Just like as a molding clay, and added and changed its character without any consideration for its scientific systematization. And thus marketing, research functions are usually misunderstood by its ambiguity overlappingness, and heterogeneity. As a conslusion of this chapter, I dare to suggest, the new concept on marketing research function: Marketing research function is a sub-function of business research function and its objective is to reconize the accurate market situation for creative adaptation. It is done by business enterprise not by government or research institution. and its performances are used only for decision making of business problem solving, not for research study nor for others V. System of business research Business research function is a function which assures the objectivity and acuracy of possible, future business acticity, and it enables the business to attain the business objective without the threatening of business risk. The system of business research arc made up of two major categories; the one is business environment research and the other is business capacity research and it will divide several parts according to the sub-function of business function, such as, production, marketing, personnel, finance, and office work. Ⅵ. New system of market research Under the system of burliness research, the old marketing research system separates two categories; marketing environment research, that is, market research or demand research, and marketing capacity research, that is, marketing activity research. The findings of these two researches will be utilized nor only by marketing department for attainment of creative adaptation of marketing aspect, but all the other department of business enterprise indirectly. Ⅶ. Conclusion Heterogeneous overlapped and non-systematic system of knowledge on marketing research functions, is thus dissolved into business research system and will occupy the place of a branch of it according to its principal utilizing departmental function. And it will be separated in two categories according to research field: namely, environment and capacity. It may be concluded that the old marketing research system would be purified and constructed coherent system of knowledge if those preceeded discussion would be realized.

韓國輸出商品의 長期的 輸出可能性에 대한 商品學的 考察(基1-序說) : Especially in the Viewpoint of Commoditics

金元銖 서울大學校 商科大學 韓國經濟硏究所 1964 經濟論集 Vol.3 No.2

Ⅰ. Introduction. If an effort is to be made to study the long-term export potentials of Korean export goods, it is necessary to know something of their present status. Have total exports shown a tendency to increase? What kinds of goods have been exported, and in what order of volume? Has the composition of exports changed? What are the chief exports? As a matter of course, it is rather significant to examine crudely the historical inevitability of dependency on foreign trade of Korean economy and her conditions of the balance of international payments. In this connection, a brief survey of the unbalanced growth of Korean industry and the unfavorable balance of international payments have been made as an introductory research. The conclusion on these problems may be summarized as follows: 1. Korean economy is run on an unbalanced structure of industry and has been depended much on foreign trade to support the level of normal living of her people and to invest for economic development. First: The unbalanced growths both of industry and of manufacturing industry have necessitated the imports of not only raw materials but investment goods (equipments and installation) for the purpose of replacement and new investment. Second: Efforts for strategical construction of heavy industry have induced the demand for imports of heavy installation goods. Third: Relatively, being in the condition of over-production, overequipped consumers' good's industry will seek sooner or later for foreign export markets. 2. Total imports of goods and services exceeded exports by approximately $292.3 million on an average in the nine year period of 1955∼1663. This means that the dollars which Korea have earned by the sale of goods and services to the foreign countries fell short by $292.3 million on an average, of paying for the goods and services bought form foreign countries. The deficit of international balance of payments, $292.3 million gap on an average, was filled up by donations and foreign capital investment. Korea has been characterized as debtor nations. Korean economy is now on her way to the formation of balanced self-sufficing economy, and needs much foreign exchange. Export earnings are key supplier of foreign exchange in Korean economy. In this sense, export promotion has been spotlighted as emergent ever-solving problems. Ⅱ. Structure of Korean Export Trade. Exports of goods, if measured by value, have been expanded steadily since 1960, though there was a slight drop in 1958. The scale of exports had grown approximately up to five times in 1963, compared with that of 1955. The index of export earnings is as shown in Table Ⅰ. tableⅠ (1955:100) Year 1955 1956 1957 1958 1959 1960 1961 1962 1963 Index(%) 100 137 124 92 115 183 228 305 483 (Source: The Bank of Korea, Economical Statistical Yearbook, 1964. pp. 212) ※ Korean export trade in value shows and will show the steady upward trend. By the group of export goods classified by standard international trade classifications, it shows that inedible crude material (48.88%), food and live animals (22.31%), and manufactured goods classified chiefly by material (16.79%), have occupied the largest parts of its composition in average in the nine year period of 1955∼1956. Composition by export commodity group has been occupied by inedible crude material approximately 80% in the early years, but in latest years it fell about 30%, while food and live animals holds 20% and manufactured goods 20% in 1963. The important kinds of goods which have been exported, shown by its merits of value in average in the nine year period of 1955∼1963, are as follows: tungsten ore and concentration (11.80%), iron ore and concentration (11.00%), rice (7.05%), veneer sheets and plywoods (6.59%), swine (6.56%), raw silk (6.53%), cotton fabrics (5.74%), fresh fish (4.72%), dried fish (4.65%), natural graphite (4,04%), anthracite (3.80%), agar-agar (2.69%), bristles (2.79%), dried laver (2.69%), crustacea and molluscs (1.74%), flourspar (1.57%), inedible seaweed (1.50%), unwrought bismuth (1.42), waste silk (1.23%), ginseng (1.08%), steatite and talc (1.06%), lead ore and concentration (1.04%), etc. Most of these goods have been exported to other Asiatic countries and America. They have been importing 87.31% of our total exports (Asia 63.58% and America 23.46%), if measured by 1955∼1963 average value. Exports to Europe are 11.20%. Exports to both Asia and Europe have been increasing, while those to America have been decreasing. Japan imported 67.1% of exports to Asia and U.S.A. 98.85% of those to America. In the case of exports to Europe, however, many countries have been importing our export goods in small amounts. Those nations are the United Kingdom (305%), Italy (1.62%), West Germany (1.57%), the Netherlands (1.36%) and etc. Ⅲ. selection of Commodities to be Studied. My research plan will cover respectively all of the Korean export goods. But because of restriction of time and efforts, ten commodities that seem to have the highest export potentials will be selected and studied in turn in a series of treatises. 1. Factors to be considered for the selection. 1) export earnings on the average (1955∼1963) 2) periodical export earnings on the average (1955∼1963) 3) ratio of trend value in average (1955∼1963) 4) ratio of increase and decrease of the value to previous year in average (1955∼1963) 5) number of non-exported years 6) ratio of composition to yearly total export value in average (1955∼1963) 2. Method of selection. Whole of the important Korean export goods gets the order by merit methods, and the order given by merit is as follows: rice, veneer sheets and plywoods, swine and dried fish (same merit), cotton fabrics, anthracite, fresh fish, dried laver, raw silk, iron ore and concentration, natural graphite, crustacea and molluscs, bristles, agar-agar, fluorspar, ginseng, waste silk, red or white bean, inedible seaweeds, unwrought bismuth, fresh fruit, and kaolin, (same merit), menthol and menthol balls, ginseng tonic, tree back, canned fish and steatite and talc, (same merit), lead ore and concentration and gallnuts (same merit), animal bones, rock crystal (same merits), liver oil, zinc ore and concentration, undressed fur skins, barytes, building and monumental stones (not worked), manganese ore and concentration. 3. Determination of commodities to be studied. In my serial research works, long term export potentials of the following eleven commodities will be discussed respectively with special emphasis on their commoditic aspects. 1) rice 2) veneer sheets and plywood 3) swine 4) dried fish 5) cotton fabrics 6) anthracite 7) fresh fish 8) dried laver 9) raw silk 10) iron ore and concentration 11) tungsten ore and concentration

腸炎 비브리오의 生存에 關한 硏究

金沅秀,全燾基 慶北大學校 醫科大學 1974 慶北醫大誌 Vol.15 No.1

腸炎 비브리오(VP)의 生存에 미치는 溫度의 影響을 보기위하여 3% 食鹽水, 海水 및 海水를 濾過한것에 浮遊시켜 -10℃, 4℃, 10℃, 20℃ 및 37℃에 保存하면서 時日의 經過에 따라 菌數의 消失을 觀察하였으며 Vibrio alginolyticus(VA)와 Escherichia coli(EC)도 供試하여 그 結果를 比較하였다. VP, VA 및 EC는 다같이 3% 食鹽水에서는 10℃ 및 20℃에서 60日以上 多數의 菌이 生存하였다. 그러나 37℃, 4℃ 및 -10℃에서는 VP 및 VA는 30日以內에 接種菌이 全部 死滅하였으나 EC는 4℃에서 45日까지 生存하였다. 海水에서는 VP는 -10℃에서 가장 長時日 生存하였으며 VA는 20℃및 10℃에서 長時日 生存하며 EC는 4℃ 및 -10℃에서 30日동안 生存하였다. 그러나 濾過한 海水에서는 VP는 10℃, VA는 10℃ 및 20℃에서 長時日 生存하였으며 EC는 各 溫度에서 20日 以內에 滅菌되었다. 濾過하지 않은 海水에서는 VP 및 VA는 -10℃에서 37℃에서 보다 더長時日 生存하며 濾過한 海水에서는 37℃에서 -10℃에서 보다 더 長時日 生存하였다. This study was undertaken to know the influence of temperature on the survival of Vibrio parahaemolyticus (VP) in various media. The suspensions of VP in 3% NaCl, raw sea water and filtered sea weter were kept at -10C, 4C, 10C, 20C and 37C, and the survival of this organism was compared by the colony count of suspensions with the survival of V. alginolyticus (VA) and Escherichia coli (EC) under the same conditions. VP, VA and EC survived for more than 60 days in 3% NaCl at 10 C and 20 C. VP and EC were sterilized within 30 days at 37 C, 4C and -10C, except for EC which survived for 45 days only at 4C. In sea water, VP showed the longer survival at -10 C than at the other temperatures, and VA at 20 C and 10C than at -10C, 4C and 37C. EC survival at 4 C and -10C for about 30 days. In filtered sea water, VP showed longer survival at 10 C, VA at 10C and 20C, but EC was sterilized within 20 days at the temperatures tested. VP and VA showed longer survival at -10 C than at 37C in raw sea water, while these organisms showed longer survival at 37 C than at 10C in filtered sea water.