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金元龍 서울대학교 1974 서울대학교 論文集 Vol.19 No.-
The early Three Kingdoms period here refers to the transitional stage from the Kimhae, or the protohistorical period(ca. 0∼300 A.D.) to the Three Kingdoms period(ca. 300∼668 A.D.). In actual date it covers the two centuries from around 200 to 400. That particualr period is very important in early Korean history because it was during this period Korea reached the full historical stage emerging from somewhat obscure pre- or proto historical phases. In this paper, only the 3rd century, covering the last phase of the Kimhae period, has been dealt leaving the 4th century to the forthcoming part Ⅱ of this paper. Habitation sites are located on terraces overlooking arable land on river reaches. In most cases sizes of these early farming settlements are not large, barely reaching more than hundred square meters. As is recorded in a contemporary Chinese historical record, San Kuo Chi, most of the farmers' houses were still semi-subterranean pit-houses, but, at P'ungnap-dong site on the southern bank of the Han river, roof tiles were discovered together with base-stones for wooden pillars. The new, advanced dwelling type must be an innovation inspired by the Lolang Chinese in northwestern Korea. These riverine farmers certainly practiced extensive hunting and fishing to supplement their subsistence, but there were families engaged in iron smelting as were revealed at Taesim-ri and Majang-ri sites. In the lower reaches of Naktong river in southeastern Korean iron smelting was carried out in full scale and the pig iron was exported to Lolang and Japan as is recorded in San Kuo Chi. As for their burial system, the earlier dolmens, jar-coffins and cists were replaced by small, coffin-shaped stone tombs built with irregular-sized cobbles. Apparently it was developed from the similar-shaped subterranean structure of a dolmen. From a ruined tomb at Pobch'on-ri in central Korea a sheep-shaped celadon vessel made in southern China was discovered. An identical piece has been discovered from a Wu Dynasry tomb dated 256 A.D. near Nanking. The discovery of the celadon piece in central Korea demonstrates contacts between the Chinese of the Lolang Colony (108 B.C.∼A.D. 313) and local Korean population because such pieces must have been brought to Central Korea through the overland Lolang Route. There are several pottery types in this period. (1) The Coarse Decorated. This is a low-fired pottery with wide mouth and flat bottom. The entire surtface is decroated with cord or mat-pattern in the fashion of Kimhae pottery. (2) The Kimhae pottery. A hard, grey pottery with cord or lattice marks. This was the main pottery type of the Kimhae period. (3) The P'ungnapri Undecorated. A minor type, this is an improved variety of the carlier Coarse Plain. (4) The Black Burnished. This is a novelty in its technique and features. Usually a globular pot with short-necked small mouth, its surface is burnished and a band of needle-incised linear design is applied around the shoulder. It seems to be the fusion of Lolang and Koguryo potteries. (5) The Silla Pottery. This is the Kimhae pottery minus decoration, but has characteristic new shapes such as mounted cup, long-necked jar, stand, etc. The Silla pottery, emerged at around 200 A.D., gradually replaced the Kimhae pottery during this period to become the sole pottery type in southern Korea in the ensuing Three Kingdoms period.
金元龍 全南大學校 湖南文化硏究所 1963 호남학 Vol.1 No.-
韓國의 先史時代 遼凌은 海岸總과 江流域에 많이 모여있으며 北에서 부터 大同江, 臨律江, 漢江, 綿江, 榮出江, 洛東江, 다시 東北上해서 豆滿江下流等 모두 適踐集中地로서 이름 나고 있다.