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김용수(Young Soo Kim),김현주(Hyun Joo Kim),이인범(In-Beum Lee),유창규(Chang Kyoo Yoo) 제어로봇시스템학회 2008 제어·로봇·시스템학회 논문지 Vol.14 No.11
An water-reuse network design has drawn attention as a systematic method of reducing fresh water usage and increasing water-using efficiency. The final goal of an eco-industrial park(EIP) is accomplishing industrial sustainability and constructing water-reuse network can be a solution. When designing water-reuse network connecting various processes which consume water, the water pinch technology can be used frequently, since it simultaneously minimize freshwater usage and wastewater discharge. In this research, water pinch technology is applied to develop an effective water-reuse network in an Ell’, Three scenarios based on different reusing strategies were developed. The results show that the final water-reuse network can reduce the total fresh water usage more than 30%, while the water expenses decrease by 20%. It can be concluded that water pinch technology is an effective tool to optimize water-reuse network among different industrial facilities.
신 이식 환자에서 B 형과 C 형 간염 바이러스 감염 환자의 15 년간 추적 조사
김용수(Yong Soo Kim),장윤식(Yoon Sik Chang),방병기(Byung Kee Bang),김형욱(Hyung Wook Kim),양철우(Chul Woo Yang),최의진(Euy Jin Choi),최범순(Bum Soon Choi),김석영(Suk Young Kim),김성권(Sung Kwon Kim) 대한신장학회 2002 Kidney Research and Clinical Practice Vol.21 No.3
목 적 : 신 이식 후 B형과 C형 간염 바이러스 감염에 의한 간질환은 신 이식 환자의 이환율, 사망률 및 생존율 등에 나쁜 영향을 미치는 것으로 보고되고 있으나 저자에 따라서 신 이식의 예후에 미치는 영향은 다르게 보고되고 있다. 저자들은 B형과 C형 간염 바이러스에 감염된 신이식 환자와 간염 바이러스 비감염 환자를 15년 동안 추적 관찰하여 신 이식의 예후에 미치는 영향에 관하여 비교 검토하고자 한다. 방 법 : 1984년 3월부터 1998년 12월 31일까지 가톨릭대학교 의과대학 강남성모병원에서 신 이식을 받은 1,042예 중 HBs Ag 양성군(HBV(+)군) 107예, anti-HCV Ab 양성군(HCV(+) 군) 81예, HBs Ag 및 anti-HCV Ab 모두 음성인(NBNC군) 714예를 대상으로 간질환의 유병율, 임상 경과, 사망률 및 생존율에 미치는 영향을 비교 검토하였다. 대상 환자 중 anti-HCV Ab 가 측정되지 않은 140예는 비교 연구에서는 제외하였다. 결 과 : 추적 기간 동안 환자의 사망률은 HBV(+)군 32.7%, HCV(+)군 9.9%, NBNC군 8.4%로서 HBV(+)군에서 훨씬 높았다. 특히 사망 환자 중 간질환에 의한 사망률은 HBV(+)군 57.1%, HCV(+)군 0%, NBNC군 1.7%로서 HBV(+)군에서 유의하게 높았다(p=<0.001). 5년과 10년 이식신 생존율은 HBV(+)군에서 52.2%와 39.2%, HCV(+)군에서 68.4%와 47.2%, NBNC군에서 86.6%와 65.8%로서 NBNC군에서 타군에 비하여 유의하게 높았다. 5년과 10년 환자 생존율은 HBV(+)군에서 72.0%와 63.9%, HCV군에서 91.8%와 87.3%, NBNC군에서 94.4%와 88.2%로서 HBV(+)군에서 타군에 비하여 훨씬 감소하였으며 HCV(+)군과 NBNC군 간에는 큰 차이는 없었다. 결 론 : HBV(+)군은 다른군에 비하여 신 이식 후 이식신 및 환자 생존률이 현저히 낮았다. 생존율이 낮은 원인은 특히 간질환에 의한 사망률이 타군에 비하여 높기 때문이었다. HCV(+) 군은 HCV(-)군에 비하여 이식신 생존율은 낮았으나 환자 생존율에 큰 차이가 없었다. HCV (+)군의 간질환은 면역억제제의 투여량을 조절하여 간질환의 진행을 예방할 수 있었으며 간질환의 의한 사망을 감소 시킬 수 있었다. Background : The impact of hepatitis B or hepatitis C virus infection on renal transplantation outcome is controversial. The aim of this study is to assess the impact of hepatitis B and hepatitis C infection on kidney transplant over the long-term, 15 years and to compare infected patients with noninfected patients matched for factors possibly associated with graft and patient survival. Methods : We analyzed 1,042 patients who underwent renal transplantation in period from March 1984 to Dec. 1998 including 107 with positive HBsAg (HBV(+) group), 81 with positive anti-HCV antibody (HCV(+) group) and 714 noninfected recipients (NBNC group). One hundred-forty patients who had not taken ani-HCV antibody screening test were excluded. The prevalence of chronic liver disease, the patient mortality, the patient survival rate and the graft survival rate were evaluated. Results : The patient mortality during the period of follow-up was significantly higher in HBV(+) group(32.7%) than in HCV(+) group(9.9%) and NBNC group(8.4%). The cause of death related to liver desease was significantly higher in HBV(+) group(57.1%) than HCV(+) group(0%) and NBNC group(1.7%). Five year and 10 year graft survival rate were significantly lower in HBV(+) group(52.2 %, 39.2%) than in HCV(+) group(68.4%, 47.2%) and NBNC group(86.6%, 65.8%). Five year and 10 year patient survival rate of HBV(+) group(72.0%, 68.9%) was significantly lower than HCV(+) group(91.6%, 87.3%) and NBNC group(94.4%, 88.2%), but there was no significant difference in the patient survival rate between HCV(+) and NBNC group. Conclusion : Hepatitis B virus infection has a significant deleterious effect on the patient and graft survival of renal transplantation recipients. The poor survival rate was a result of the mortality from liver disorder. Hepatitis C virus infection also has a poor graft survival rate compared to NBNC group, but the patient survial rate is similar to NBNC group.
김용수 ( Young Soo Kim ) 미국소설학회 2008 미국소설 Vol.15 No.2
One of Hawthorne`s main concerns is the issue on man`s sin-secret sin, unpardonable sin, problem of conscience, recognition of sin, or its influences on individuals and community. In his major works, he criticizes the rigors or bigoted morals of his Purita
김용수(Yong Soo Kim),방병기(Byung Kee Bang),김석영(Suk Young Kim),장윤식(Yoon Sik Chang),양철우(Chul Woo Yang),박주현(Joo Hyun Park),김병수(Byung Soo Kim),복현정(Hyun Jung Bok) 대한신장학회 2000 Kidney Research and Clinical Practice Vol.19 No.2
N/A Objective: The aim of this retrospective analysis was to study the incidence, clinical course, treatment, prognosis of malignancy in immunosuppressed renal transplant recipients. Methods: The object were 38 cases of cancer that occured in 1,130 transplant recipients between 1969 and 1997 at Kangnam CUMC. Mean follow-up periods was 61.6±41.8 months. The incidence of can- cers was compared to the number expected in age-matched general population. This allows the calculation of a risk ratio. We used international cancer registry for comparison. Results : The incidence of de novo malignancy in 1,130 renal transplant recipients was 3.3% for 5years of mean follow-up period and there was no difference between sex. The most common cancer was stomach cancer in case of male and cervix cancer for female. This distribution was same as general population. The incidence of malignant lymphoma and Kaposi's sarcoma was higher in renal transplanted patients than the general population. Cancers with the most striking increased risk(IR) were lymphoma(IR 167), and Kaposis sarcoma. It took 55 months for the malignant lymphoma to be occurred and it developed faster than other cancer. CsA caused faster breakout of cancer than Aza did. Conclusion: The features of malignancy in renal transplant recipients are different from those of general population.