어린 백련어의 성장에 대한 동 , 식물플랑크톤의 먹이기여도

김백호(Baik Ho Kim),최민규(Min Kyu Choi),고촌전자(Noriko Takamura) 한국하천호수학회 2001 생태와 환경 Vol.34 No.2

N/A

온배수 유입 소형하천의 수질 및 토양오염과 회복에 관한 연구 1. 온배수가 인근 소하천과 농업 환경에 미치는 영향

김백호(Baik Ho Kim),최민규(Min Kyu Choi),정연태(Yeun Tai Chung),이덕배(Deog Bae Lee),이경보(Kyeong Bo Lee),김미연(Mi Youn Kim),박승택(Seung Taeck Park) 한국환경생물학회 1999 환경생물 : 환경생물학회지 Vol.17 No.3

This study was carried out to investigate the influence of spa sewage on water quality and chemical contents in the paddy soil along stream from 1997 to 1998. Concentration of PO_4, SO_4, Cl, NH_4, Ca, Na and COD in the spa sewage were lower than standard for agricultural usage, and were lowered as the sewage flew to the into stream. The concentration of SO_4 in spa sewage was over the criteria for agricultural usage in the inlet, but was lower than criteria for agricultural usage by inlet of non polluted stream water. Concentration of pollutants in the sediment of water channel were the highest in the inlet site. There were no pollutants accumulation in the paddy soil where spa sewage was irrigated. It may be resulted from nutrients uptake of rice plant and self purification of paddy soil. On the while, considering electric conductivity and nitrate in spa sewage, this results suggest that long-term irrigation of the spa sewage may be required general management with some decreasing fertilization. [Spa sewage, Water quality, Agricultural environment. Sediment].

척수 운동신경 세포에 대한 oxygen radical 과 NMDA receptor antagonist 에 관한 연구

오재민,김백호,문연자,김정중,최민규,박승택,정연태 ( Jai Min Oh,Baik Ho Kim,Yeun Ja Mun,Jeong Joong Kim,Min Kyu Choi,Seung Taeck Park,Yeun Tai Chung ) 한국환경생물학회 1995 환경생물 : 환경생물학회지 Vol.13 No.2

In order to elucidate the neurotoxic effect of oxygen radicals was examined after cultured mouse hybrid spinal motoneuron cell line, NSC-19 was exposed to xanthine oxidase(XO)/hypoxanthine(HX)-oxygen radical generating system, and also the neuroprotective effect of N-methyl-D-aspartate(NMDA) receptor antagonists was assessed by MTT assay and neurofilament enzymeimmuno assay. Oxygen radicals decreased the cell viability in a time and dose-dependent manner, and lethal concentration 50(LC_50) was determined at 30mU/㎖ XO and 0.1mM HX after motoneurons were cultured for 3 hours with various concentrations of XO and HX. In neuroprotective effect of NMDA receptor antagonists, 7-chlorokynurenic acid (CKA) and D-2-amino-5-phosphovaleric acid (APV) blocked the neurotoxicity induced by oxygen radicals. These results suggest that oxygen radicals were toxic on cultured mouse spinal motoneurons and selective NMDA receptor antagonists such as CKA and APV were effective in blocking oxidant-mediated neurotoxicity.

Fine Structure of Blue-green Algae, Microcystis aeruginosa Kutzing

최민규,김백호,문연자,정연태,이종빈,위인선,Choi, Min-Kyu,Kim, Baik-Ho,Mun, Yeun-Ja,Chung, Yeun-Tai,Lee, Jong-Bin,Wui, In-Sun Korean Society of Electron Microscopy 1996 Applied microscopy Vol.26 No.4

In order to understand the morphological differences between two different organic loadings by its upstream, and to compare with other algal groups with references, the fine structure of blue-green algae, Microcystis aeruginosa Kitzing, taken from two branches, Tongbok and Bosung stream of Lake Chuam, Korea pennisula was examined. It showed extinct differences in most physicochemical factors between both branches, except water temperature and pH values. The concentrations of total phosphorus in Tongbok branch were twice as those of Bosung. M. aeruginosa cells were enumerated totally $1.2X10^4cells/ml$ and these individuals in branch of Tongbok were close to two times as much as Bosung. In light and electron microscopy, natural M. aeruginosa colonies formed irregular shape and non-directional array in amorphous matrix. They were consisted of many kinds of cells, youngs or olds in cell division, solitary, and various size of cells. Each cell ranged from 2.61 to $5.40{\mu}m$ in diameter, and averaged as $3.54{\pm}0.19{\mu}m$. In cytoplasm, they contained a number of inclusions in various size, shape and appearances. Among them, polyhedral bodies or carboxysomes, a structured granules, photosynthetic lamellae or thylakoids, and gas vacuoles were prominent and easy to recognize. Although it was failed to find the definable morphological variations in the ultrastructure of M. aeruginosa in terms of algal habitual environments, some useful characters were founded, outer layer of cell wall, polyhedral bodies and gas vacuoles, in blue-green algal classification and taxonomy. 주암호의 유입하천중 이화학적 조건이 서로 다른 보성천과 동복천에서 채집된 남조 Microcystis aeruginosa Kutzing의 미세구조에 대한 형태학적 관찰을 시행하여 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 수온과 pH를 제외한 다른 환경요인들은 두지점간에 큰 차이를 보였다. M. aeruginosa의 광학 및 전자현미경적 관찰 결과, 세포는 부정형 군체를 형성하며, 투명한 점액질로 싸여 있었다. 세포는 난형 또는 구형에 가깝고, 크기는 $2.61{\sim}5.40{\mu}m$의 범위로서, 평균 $3.54{\pm}0.19{\mu}m$였다. 세포질내에는 많은 다양한 구조물을 가지고 있으며, polyhedral bodies(carboxysomes), polyphosphate, cyanophycin granules 외에 photosynthetic lamellae와 gas vacuoles 등이 비교적 뚜렷하였다. 두 채집장소간의 형태학적 차이는 보이지 않았으나, 영양염류 수준이 높은 표본에서 polyphosphate와 cyanophycin granules이 숫적 증가를 보였다. 세포분열은 이분법으로 초기에 정중앙부의 좌우로부터 합입이 일어났으며, 주로 세포벽의 제1층과 제2층이 관여하였다. 세포벽의 외부층은 크게 두가지 형태의 filaments층이 잘 발달되어 있었다.

변산반도 (邊山半島) 국립공원의 식물플랑크톤의 계절적 변화에 대하여

정연태,김백호,최문규,위인선 ( Yeun Tai Chung,Baik Ho Kim,Min Kyu Choi,In Sun Wui ) 한국하천호수학회 1991 생태와 환경 Vol.24 No.4

A survey of phytoplankton community was carried out seasonally from July, 1990 to April, 1991 at Pyonsanbando National Park, Chollabuk-do, Korea. The authors collected 143 taxa consisting of 5 phylum, 12 orders, 4 suborders, 53 genera, 117 species, 24 varieties and 2 form. During this study, dominant species were Scenedesmus quadricauda and Cosmarium furcatospermum. Dominance indices were ranged from 0.19∼0.57, Shannon-Wiener`s species diversity index (H`) and Similarity index were 0.77∼2.52 and 0.13∼0.58, respectively. And also, some species- Microctstis aeruginosa, Ceratium hirundinella, Peridinium cinctum and Dinobryon divergens, D. cylindricum which were associated with the water bloom and eutrophication were collected.

주암호의 식물플랑크톤의 출현과 동태

최민규,김백호,정연태,위인선 ( Min Kyu Choi,Baik Ho Kim,Yeun Tai Chung,In Sun Wui ) 한국하천호수학회 1994 생태와 환경 Vol.27 No.1

A short-term survey was carried out to understand the species composition and standing biomass of phytoplankton in Lake Chuam, where severe the eutrophication have took place on summer, 1992. Totally 130 taxa of phytoplankton were collected and consisted of 6 classes, 10 orders, 7 suborders, 23 families, 55genera, 116 species, 13 varieties and 1 forma. Phytoplankton compositions in each class were divided in 57 taxa of Chlorophyceae (43.8%), 44 taxa of Bacillariophyceae (33.9%), 20 taxa of Cyanophyceae (15.4%), 6 taxa of Euglenophyceae (4.6%), 2 taxa of Dinophyceae and 1 taxa of Chrysophyceae. The composition of species and standing biomass was reached to maximum, 72.31% and 42.67% at Site 3, respectively. Dominant species were Microcystis aeruginosa (51.65%), Melosira granulata (4.96%). The next major phytoplankton except these two species were ceratium hirundinella, Eudorina elegans, Anabaena flos-aquae, Dictyosphaerium pulchellum, Coelastrum microporum, Coelasphaerium kuetzingianum, and staurastrum paradoxum var. longipes. These groups were 73.1% of total biomass. And also, species diversity was high at Site 3 throughout the sampling times. Coelastrum-Coelasphaerium-Eudorina-Staurastrum assemblages were much distributed in centering of Site 3, the upper part of lake, inflowed sufficient nutrient from many tributaries. Especially, the high frequency (2.7% of totals) of Staurastrum paradoxum var. longipes was very interesting and new to Korea. In physicochemical factors, suspended solids, electric conductivity and chlorophyll a were reached the maximum, 34.5mg/l, 103μhmos/Cm, 6.7mg/m^3 only at Site 3 in June, closely associated with green algal assemblages. But other data were not showed any relationship between biological and physical conditions of phytoplankton community. The above mentioned results indicate that Lake Chuam has a wide range from eutrophic to oligotrophic state according to Hutchinson(1967), and divided into two regions, Site 1,2 and Site 3 in a view of phytoplankton distribution and biomass and its environmental condition. We conclude that Site 3 was in situation of considerable organic pollution.

Feeding Behavior of One-year-old Silver Carp, Hypophthalmichthys molitrix, on Dominant Phytoplankton During a Summer in the Enclosure of Shallow-hypertrophic Lake

최민규,김백호,Choi, Min-Kyu,Takamura, Noriko,Kim, Baik-Ho 한국하천호수학회 2000 생태와 환경 Vol.33 No.4

수심이 얕은 부영양호수에서 우점하는 식물플랑크톤에 대한 1년생 백련어의 섭식특성을 조사하고자, 1997년 5월 23일부터 9월 18일까지 호수의 연안에 4개의 enclosure를 설치하고, 어류투입 이후의 각 enclosure수중과 어류의 장 내용물 중의 식물플랑크톤 군집의 변화를 비교하였다. 조사기간동안 각 enclosure의 수온, 플랑크톤의 총생물량, 어류 아가미의 여과공 등은 시간에 따라 른 변화가 없었으며, 어류성장은 주로 투입된 어류의 밀도에 의존되었다. 어류의 내용물에 의하면, 저밀도 투입 enclosure에서 수중과 어류 전장간의 플랑크톤군집의 유사도가 높게 나타났으며(p<0.05), 전체적으로 모든 enclosure에서 크기가 큰(>$100,000{\mu}m^3$) 식물플랑크톤-Oscillatoria, Anabaena, Melosira등은 어류투입이후 크게 감소되지 않았다. 어류의 먹이선택지수(${\alpha}$)와 플랑크톤의 크기 (Ingestion unit)사이에도 매우 낮은 상관성을 보였다(r = 0.001, p>0.5). 식물플랑크톤의 분석결과, 백연은 남조나 녹조에 비해 규조를 더 선호하였는데, 이는 규조의 세포벽이 다른 조류에 비해 소화과정동안 쉽게 파괴되지 않고, 저배율의 현미경적시야에서도 간단히 확인된다는 점 등,선택지수를 과대평가하게 되는 단점이 있기 때문에 백련어의 먹이습성에 대한 방법론적 개선이 필요하다고 판단된다. The feeding behavior of 1-year-old silver carp, Hypophthalmichthys molitrix (Val.) on phytoplankton species in a shallow hypertrophic lake was studied from 22 May to 18 September, 1997. Over the experimental period, the filter-pore sizes of the fish, the total biomass of the phytoplankton and the water temperature in each enclosure changed little with time. The fish biomass in each enclosure increased with time, while their percentage of weight gain correlated negatively to the stocking density, due perhaps to competition for prey. An analysis of gut contents of silver carp showed a strong similarity between the algal communities in the foregut and the water, and was significant for the fish enclosure with a low density (p<0.05). The presence of silver carp rarely suppressed the abundance of phytoplankton such as Oscillatoria, Anabaena and Melosira even at high ingestion levels. There were weak relationships between the IU values of each phytoplankton and the selectivity of fish on them (r = 0.001, p>0.5). There was no doubt that the silver carp fed unselectively when cyanobacteria populations were high, even though the selectivity index for diatoms was slightly higher than those for cyanobacteria, green algae and cryptomonads. Improvements in methodologies are needed to clearly understand and generalize the feeding behavior of silver carp.

상수원의 오염에 대한 식물플랑크톤의 오수생물학적 연구 - 만경강 상류 하천 및 저수지를 중심으로 -

최민규,김백호 ( Min Kyu Choi,Baik Ho Kim ) 한국환경생물학회 1994 환경생물 : 환경생물학회지 Vol.12 No.2

Phytoplankton community and its physicochemical parameters were investigated at three reservoirs and four streams in the upper part of the Mankyeong River System from July, 1993 to June, 1994 on seasonal interval. Totally, 322 taxa were classified and composed of 33 families, 82 genera, 263 species , 52 varities and 7 forma Among them, 135 taxa of Bacillariophyceae was the highest record during this study. Total standing biomass of 1.11×10 exp (7)cells/㎖ was enumerated, and the high peak was in summer as 3.16×1010 exp (7)cells/㎖(28.5%), and also, reservoirs more higher than streams in biomass. Melosira granulata was much dominated and totally, 4.9×10 exp (5)cells/㎖ was counted As a whole, nine taxa of fourth species including Cyclotella meneghniana in streams and five taxa with Melosira varians in reservoirs were also domianted Synedra ulna and Melosira granulata were distributed either at stream or reservoirs. Species diversity indices(H` ) were showed the maximum at station 5 as above 2.0 without seasonality and the lowest at station 6 and 7 as below 1.0 in spring and summer. Similarity indices among sampling stations were the peak as 0.58 between station 4 and 5, the lowest between station 6 and 7 located at the same stream. In view of correlation between biological and physicochemical conditions at three reservoirs, station 3 and 6 were more related with organic nutrient, in other hand, station 7 was dependent with physicochemicals such as water temperature and dissolved oxygen. And also, water qualities of station and 6 with regard to total biomass of the major dominant species were ranged from oligotrophic to eutrophic, while station 3 on summer and autumn was eutrophic. The degree of pollution tolerance scores(PTS) was ranged from degree 1 to 4 Several bioindicators newly introduced, three common species were Melosira granulata, Synedra ulna and Melosira varians. Two taxa of Gomphonema olivaceum and Cyclotella meneghniana were showed only in degree 2, and also, two taxa of Achnanthes subsalsa and Melosira italica var. tenuissima were distributed only in degree 3. Microcystis aeruginosa was well dominated at eutrophic state as below degree 3. From this above results, we may evaluate the degree of water quality based on bioloical and physicochemical conditions that station 1 in summer and autumn was oligotrophic state as degree 1, station 3 in summer and winter was α-mesosaprotrophic as degree 3, and totally showed β-mesosaprotropnic as degree 2.

수질오염 판정을 위한 기법 개발 (1) 부착조류 군체화에 미치는 기질특이성 연구

정연태,최민규,김백호,위인선,이종빈 ( Yeun Tai Chung,Min Kyu Choi,Baik Ho Kim,In Sun Wui,Jong Bin Lee ) 한국환경생물학회 1996 환경생물 : 환경생물학회지 Vol.14 No.1

To elucidate the specificity of algal immigration with habitual characteristics, physicochemical factors and relative immigration activities of species were examined at four sites in the two branchs; Kosan and Soyang streams of the Mankyeong River system during autumn in 1995. The content of ash-free dry matter (AFDM) and chlorophyll-a(chl.a) were highly dependent with current, and were more high in control group than those of any other group. In artificial substrate groups, they were decreased following surface-coarsity of substrates(CT>SG>CT). One hundred seven taxa were classified, and bacillariophyceae and chlorophyceae in number of species were 82 percentage. In algal biomass, bacillariophyceae were totally 87%, Achnanthes minutissima, Cocconeis placentula, Cyclotella meneghiniana, Melosira varians, Navicula cryptocephala, Nitzschia palea, Gomphonema parvulum, Synedra ulna and Fragilaria construens were dominated. Others, Cosmarium furcatospermum, Ankistrodesmus falcatus and Golenkinia radiata in chlorophyceae and Oscillatoria terebriformis in cyanophyceae were also occurred. In the relative immigration activities(RIAs), G. parvulum was high as 10.3%, closed to 7.0% in two Monoraphid and one Gentries such as A. minutissima, C. placentula and Cyclotella meneghiniana, and below 1.6%, Synedra ulna and Fragilaria construens in Araphids. In general, RIAs of control groups were similar with those of AFDM and chl. a. And the values of RIAs in experimental groups were increased with ascending of surfacecoarsity of substrate (CT>SG>ST). On the other hand, some of them were independent with substrates. Durng incubations, periphytic algal succession were not evident, but abundant diatom were maintained. However, later there were some immigrations in non-diatomic algae such as Cosmarium furcatospermum, Scenedesmus quadricauda and Merismopedia glauca. Therefore, although there were some problems that overestimated or evaluated the relative saprobity to different water system using only current velocity and surface-coarsity of substrate, we conclude that the relative immigration activities of species were to play a role as a indications in comparing of different water system.

만경강 하계의 담수조류군집에 대한 생태학적 연구

정연태,최민규,김백호,위인선 ( Yeun Tai Chung,Min Kyu Choi,Baik Ho Kim,In Sun Wui ) 한국하천호수학회 1992 생태와 환경 Vol.25 No.4

Mankyeong River system is the main stream of Chollabuk-do province, flowing across Chonju and Iri-City in the western district of Korea. The authors were investigated the freshwater algal community and its several environmental factors on summer, 1991. The environmental factors were air temperature(23.0-34.0˚C ), water temperature(22. 6-28.5˚C), pH(6.72-8.07,), dissolved oxygen (0.67-7.9mg/l), biological oxygen demand (0.82-18.27mg/l), salinity (0-0.5%) and electric conductivity(59-950 umohs/cm), respectively. The freshwater algae 214 taxa were classified and composed of 5 classes, 11 orders, 5 suborders, 22 families, 7 subfamilies, 68 genera, 181 species, 27 varities and 8 forma, and totally, 2.938 ×10^7cells/l were counted. In classification and relative abundances, 97 taxa(45.33%) of Chlorophyceae and 1.918×10^7cells/l (65.2%) of Bacillariophyceae were maximal, respectively. Totally, Synedra ulna is the dominant species, other main species are Melosira varians, Nitzschia palea, Cymbella tumida during this study. Biotic indices were dominances(0.192-0.403), H`values(0.78-2.23), eveners(0.46-1.39), similarities (0.135-0.536), pollution indices (1.2-2.4), pollution tolerance scores (0-4 degree). From above results, it suggests that the saprobity of the mankyung river and its tributaries were ranged from β-mesosaprobic to polysaprobic. And also, Synedra ulna was common species and 6 taxa including Cymbella tumida, Nitzschia palea and Melosira varians were regarded as the pollution indicators.