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화진포호의 돌말 Skeletonema costatum 대발생과 영양상태
김백호,원두희,김용재 한국수생태학회(구 한국하천호수학회) 2012 생태와 환경 Vol.45 No.3
In the spring (March to June) in 2010, one diatom Skeletonema costatum occurred outbreaks in Lake Hwajinpo, one of the typical lagoons on the east coast of South Korea. We compared the characteristics of the phytoplankton community during the bloom and extinction period of S. costatum, and evaluated the water quality based on nutritional indices. Results indicate that 1) this bloom showed the highest cell density (¤105 cells mL-1) among outbreaks of S. costatum occurred Korea , 2) occurred in below or over 20?C water temperature, and 3) was destroyed in the early summer with higher temperature than the bloom period. Water quality or trophic status of the lake was eutrophic to hypertrophic with high salinity, BOD, COD and phosphate, and low N/P ratios and transparency. Phytoplankton community in the spring bloom had a high dominance and low diversity, but rightly recovered to low dominance and high diversity in the summer season. Therefore, we temporarily conclude that the bloom of S. costatum in Hwajinpo was triggered by the extended spring drought and the reduced influx of river water, and appeal that the bloom can happen repeatedly every year.
김백호,최민규,최규철,위인선,정연태 원광대학교 환경과학연구소 1992 環境科學硏究誌 Vol.1 No.1
1990년 7월부터 1991년 5월까지 전라북도 부안군 변산면내에 위치하는 직소천의 부착규조군집에 대한 생태학적 조사결과, 다음과 같은 결론을 얻었다. 1. 동정분류된 부착규조는 총 111taxa였으며, 이들은 다시 2목 3아목 6과 18속 38종 3변종으로 구성되었고, 분류군별로는 Pennales가 103 taxa, Centrales 가 8 taxa 출현되었다. 2. 계절별 종의 출현은 춘계가 73 taxa로 가장 높았고, 정점별로는 하계의 정점 6이 36taxa로 가장 많았다. 3. 현존량 조사결과, 총 6.5 X 10^7 cells/1 였으며, 1차조사의 정점 1에서 8.4 Z 10^6 cells/1 로 전체의 13%를 차지하였다. 4. 조사기잔중 우점종은 Melosira varians였으며, 우점도 지수는 1차조사의 정점 5의 Melosira varians와 Achnanthes linearis가 0.46로 가장 높았다. 5. 종다양성 지수 및 정점간의 유사도지수는 각각 2.44-0.88과 0.68-0.15의 범위를 나타냈다. 이상의 결과를 종합하여 보면, 직소천은 물리적인 수량에 의해 조절되는 전형적인 갈수천으로서 부착규조군집의 생태학적 안정도가 하류로 갈수록 높았으며, 인간에 의한 오염현상은 아직 까지는 크지 않고, 계적의 변화에 따른 상류지역의 일시적인 불안정을 보이는 청정수역으로 판단되었다. Epilithic diatom community was investigated in Chickso stream of Chollabuk-do, Korea, from July, 1990 to April, 1991 at seasonal interval. The authors have collected 111 taxa totally, composed of 2 orders 3 suborders 6 families 18 genera 98 species 13 varieties. Epilithic diatoms were consisted of 103 taxa, Pennales and 8 taxa, Centrales in order. The standing crop of epilithic diatom communities were totally 6.5 X 10^7 cells/1 and the maximum value were 8.4 Z 10^6 cells/1 at station 1 during the first sampling. Major dominant species was Melosira varians in Melosiracease and dominant indices were ranged from 0.46-0.17. Species diversity indices(H') and similarity indices in each sampling station were ranged from 2.44-0.88 and 0.68-0.15, respectively. It was not showed that a great deal of changes in species appearance but the dominant species in seasonal succession through the upper stream of drain season. Therefore, we concluded that Chickso stream was drain water system which controlled by only the water quantity and but they are so far stable stream such as successful habitat of epilithic diatom community, even though they have some seasonal variation in ecological characteristics.
魚類 導入 및 除去가 플랑크톤 群集에 미치는 影響에 關한 硏究
金白虎 원광대학교 환경과학연구소 1998 環境科學硏究誌 Vol.7 No.1
Cyprinid科 草食魚種인 百年魚(Hypophthalmichthys molitrix)의 導入 및 除去가 水中의 環境要因 및 生物群集에 미치는 影響을 調査하기 위하여, 1997年 5月 22日부터 同年 9月 18日까지 週 2回(月,木)씩 總 35回에 걸쳐, 水深이 낮고 過營養湖沼인 Kasumigaura湖에 6個 隔離水系를 設置하여 生物操作實驗(biomanipulation)을 實施하였다. 實驗은 크게 두가지로 區分하여, 魚類投入後 一定時間經過 後 魚類除去와 魚類가 없는 水系에 魚類投入으로 因하여 隔離水系內의 플랑크톤 群集 및 物理化學環境要因의 變化를 調査하였다. 魚類投入의 比, 硅酸質等의 뚜렷한 增減을 보였으나, 박테리아 및 植物플랑크톤의 密度에는 큰 變化는 없었다. 또한 picocyanobacteria, 眞核小型플랑크톤, ANF, HNF, 小型纖毛蟲等에서는 魚類投入에 依한 增加와 魚類除去에 依한 減少等 個體의 크기에 依한 높은 成長率을 나타냈다. 大型動物플랑크톤의 境遇, 魚類投入에 依한 顯著한 減少와 除去後 增加現象이 뚜렷하였다. RIA의 分析結果에서도 小型生物群의 生存과 大型生物群의 top-down現象이 뚜렷하게 나타났으나, 魚類의 攝食以後의 bottom-up效果는 바람에 依한 持續的인 燐의 供給으로 因해 뚜렷한 差異를 보이지 않았다. 以上의 結果를 綜合하여 보면, 湖沼內 魚類投入 및 除去가 水中生物群集 構造의 相反的 變化를 誘導하여, 透明度같은 物理化學環境要因의 變化를 가져오지만, 全體的 生物密度에 依해 決定되는 水中의 1, 2次 生産量는 큰 變化를 주지않은 것으로 思慮되었다. In order to examine the effects of fish stocking and removal of planktivorous fish, silver carp (Hypophthalmichthys molitrix) on plankton comnuity in six enclosures, was constructed on hypertrophic lake, Kasumigaura, Japan in summer of 1997. For fish stocking experiments, three enclosures were constructed, one fishless through whole period (control), and two fishless enclosures, which did not stock in first periods(5/22-7/23) while stocked in the second period (7/23-9/18). For the fish removal experiments, three enclosures were entirely converse-manipulated compare to the fish stocking experiments. After fish manipulation, the changes of biological ann physicochemical factors were measured in fish-stocked and fish removal enclosures, respectively. According to the randomized intervention analysis (RIA), three showed the significant changes in physiochemical factors, such decrease of water transparency, dissolved oxygen and pH, and increase in nitrogen in fish stocking of high density, while decrease in chlorophyll a (<10㎛). In fish removal experiments, it showed remarkable converse phenomeom compare to those of fish stocking Meanwhile, small-sized bacteria, picocyanobacteria, eukaryotic picoplankton, ciliates and small blue-green alga, Merismopeida tenuissima increased significantly. In contradictory, in fish removal experiments, large-sized zooplankton was increased, while small plankton was decrease. From these result, we may suggest that the stocking and removal of planktivorous fish, silver carp can promote to change the aquatic community via a selective grazing of fish and a survival of small-sized plankton, and result in disturb the physicochemical factors, towards on water cleaning of eutrophic lake.