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김나향,김경표 충북대학교 건설기술연구소 2004 建設技術論文集 Vol.23 No.1
It's a well-known fact that timber plays an important role in Korean traditional architecture. But, because most of the studies regarding timber used in Korean traditional architecture have been focused on the physical properties as a structural application for architecture, there are just a few researches on their unique characteristics, including what species of timbering have actually been used. I clarify the data regarding the species of timbering examined by other researches as well as their characteristics based on the chronological aspect, the types of bracket structure, the forms and the members of architecture. 1. The species of timber used for Korean traditional architecture are as follows. Red pine, Sawtooth oak, Zelkova tree, Needle fir, Korean pine, Loose flower horn beam, Japanese chestnut, Japanese maple, Ginkgo, Oak and Common camellia. Among these, the red pine occupies 74.6 %. 2. Tn the chronological aspect, the red pine has been used more commonly than others across Chosun dynasty. Various species of timber have been used regardless of the particular time period of Chosun dynasty. 3. In regards to the type of bracket structure, regardless the types of bracket structure such as Ju Sim Po, Da Po, Ik Gong, it's clarified as 99% of timbering that have been used for bracket structure are Red pine. 4. In the form of architecture, the proportion of each species of timbering has been widely spread based on the different forms of architecture. In case of a palace architecture, two species of timber: Red pine and Needle fir are mainly used. The proportion of Red pine is 85.9% and fir tree has been used as a subsidiary material in a certain time period that the supply of Red pine is not enough. In case of temple architecture, all species of timber, not only Red pine, have been used. Because of this, the temple architecture shows a unique characteristic and the different style of its own beauty. Focus on the pillar application only, the proportions of both Zelkova tree and Red pine are almost the same. I strongly assume that the reason of common use of Zelkova tree for an ancestral shrine and traditional school architecture comparing other forms of architecture is a cultural reason and its physical property as well. Similar to the temple architecture, in the pavilion architecture, Red pine is generally used and the other species, such as Zelkova tree, Japanese chestnut, Sawtooth oak and Needle fir are also used. 5. In parts of architecture, the proportions of each timber are different between large-sized parts and small-sized parts of architecture. In the case of large-sized parts such as pillar, structural frame and eaves, various species like Red pine, Zelkova tree, Sawtooth oak and Needle fir have been used. And, in the case of small-sized parts like interior finishing, bracket structure and ceiling, Red pine is commonly used. Taking into consideration of all the findings given above, we can find that many different species of timber have been used for Korean traditional architecture according to the different forms of architecture and the places where the architecture is. But, because of the restricted condition that this study depended on, and the research data published already, there is a limitation to find the cultural and historical meaning of each species of timber used for Korean traditional architecture. In future research, it's necessary to conduct more studies to find these cultural and historical meaning of each species of timber through more specific approach and systematic experiments.