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유제품 및 식품 분석 업무의 중요성 (분석학자의 관점)
곽병만 ( Byung-man Kwak ) 한국낙농식품과학회 2020 Journal of Dairy Science and Biotechnology (JMSB) Vol.38 No.4
Processes that products we consume that contain dairy foods comprise planning → design → production → quality/suitability assessment → safety verification → launch → distribution → consumption. Analysis of nutrients and potential toxins at each stage in the production process is essential to verify food quality, suitability, and safety. Products display ingredient lists and nutrient content to help consumers choose healthy foods. These products should also be fully assessed for microbes and toxins before reaching consumers. Products require verification through test inspections. However, this step has reduced value from a food manufacturer's viewpoint, because it does not visibly impact real economic trends. The most important first step in determining the quality and suitability of products is the inspection capability of food companies.
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곽병만,전연명,김강섭,이기웅,안장혁,장치훈,Kwak Byung-Man,Jun Yeun-Myoung,Kim Kang-Seob,Lee Ki-Woong,Ahn Jang-Hyuk,Chang Chi-Hoon 한국축산식품학회 2006 한국축산식품학회지 Vol.26 No.2
This study was conducted by using the ICP-AES (Inductively Coupled Plasma - Atomic Emission Spectrometry) to investigate the seasonal changes of copper and manganese content in the raw bovine milk. From July 2003 to June 2004, the milk samples were collected from the two geographical locations, Chungcheong-do and Jeolla-do, in Korean peninsula. Copper (Cu) content was determined in the range of min. 10.10 to max. 21.00 ${\mu}g$/100 mL (13.79 ${\mu}g$/100 mL) in spring, 5.06 to 15.41 (10.17) in summer, 5.04 to 19.70 (10.70) in autumn and 6.96 to 17.90 (12.11) in winter. For manganese (Mn), 3.00 to 8.30 (4.87) in spring, 2.30 to 6.44 (3.75) in summer, 2.81 to 6.04 (3.82) in autumn and 2.25 to 9.02 (4.48) in winter. Those data have shown that levels of copper and manganese was relatively constant but higher in Spring than other seasons, suggesting that the levels were not affected by seasons and different locations in Korea.
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국내산 원유 중 비타민 A, E, $B_l$ 및 $B_2$ 함량에 관한 연구
곽병만,김성한,김강섭,이기웅,안장혁,장치훈,Kwak Byung-Man,Kim Sung-Han,Kim Kang-Seob,Lee Ki-Woong,Ahn Jang-Hyuk,Jang Chi-Hoon 한국축산식품학회 2006 한국축산식품학회지 Vol.26 No.2
This study was performed to investigate the changes of vitamin A, vitamin E, vitamin $B_l$ and vitamin $B_2$ contents in cow's raw milk collected from dairy farms in Chungcheong-do and Jeolla-do for a year. The contents of fat soluble vitamin A and E were changed as seasonal effect, but water soluble vitamin $B_l$ and $B_2$ contents were not changed as seasonal effect. Vitamin A content in cow's raw milk was as follows [minimum ${\sim}$maximum (mean), ug/100 mL]; $35.1{\sim}59.0$ (44.4) in spring, $36.7{\sim}65.6$ (50.0) in summer, $28.7{\sim}61.2$ (46.8) in autumn and $29.9{\sim}57.8$ (43.1) in winter. In case of vitamin E was as follows [minimum${\sim}$maximum (mean), ug/100 mL]; $28.3{\sim}59.2$ (45.8) in spring, $39.6{\sim}69.9$ (58.8) in summer, $35.0{\sim}62.8$ (46.2) in autumn and $26.0{\sim}55.4$ (41.5) in winter. In case of vitamin $B_l$ was as follow [minimum${\sim}$maximum (mean), ug/100 mL]; $27.7{\sim}57.9$ (42.84) in spring, $32.4{\sim}66.1$ (49.39) in summer, $34.1{\sim}63.7$ (46.69) in autumn and $20.6{\sim}61.4$ (43.20 in winter. The amounts of vitamin $B_2$ in cow's raw milk was as follows [minimum${\sim}$maximum (mean), ug/100 mL]; $150{\sim}182$ (160 in spring, $145{\sim}185$ (163) in summer, $149{\sim}180$ (166) in autumn and $148{\sim}190$ (167) in winter.
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개선된 현수 방정식과 접촉 역학을 이용한 일반적 궤도 구동시스템의 해석
윤병동(Byung Dong Youn),곽병만(Byung Man Kwak) 한국자동차공학회 1998 한국자동차공학회 춘 추계 학술대회 논문집 Vol.1998 No.5_2
The analysis of general tracked systems under track length constraint is known difficult. Analytical approach has not been tried yet for this class of probleme due to the complex nature of the track which is weak in bending and strong in tension.<br/> In this paper. The initial configuration of a tracked system is modeled as fitting an inextensible track into an arbitrary suspension system composed of springs and masses. The loading conditions are taken into account analytically by utilizing a modified catenary equation (MCE). The information for external loading is calculated using a frictional contact problem formulation. The MCE is shown viable by comparing the results with those of the catenary and the parabolic equation used up to now.<br/> A simple dynamic example with a constant velocity was considered. The overall reaction forces are calculated using the MCE. The results of this procedure are favorably compared with those obtained previously in the recent literature. The present results on the dynamic behavior are shown to match well with engineering intuitions.<br/>
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PZT 순수박막과 PZT/PT 교차박막의 적외선 감지 특성 비교
고종수,곽병만,Ko, Jong-Soo,Kwak, Byung-Man 대한기계학회 2002 大韓機械學會論文集A Vol.26 No.6
To improve the performance of the PZT thin flms, each PZT and PT layer was alternately deposited on a Pt/Ti/Si$_3$N$_4$/SiO$_2$/Si substrate by a modified sol-gel solid precursor technique. For comparison, PZT thin films were also prepared with an identical method under the same conditions. XRD measurement revealed that the diffraction pattern of the multilayer film was due to the superimposition of the PZT and PT patterns. At 1㎑, a dielectric constant of 389 and 558, a dielectric loss of 1.2% and 1.1% were obtained for the PZT/PT and PZT thin films, respectively. If we consider the PT dielectric constant to be 260, it is clear that the dielectric constant of alternately deposited PZT/PT thin films was well adjusted. The PZT/PT thin film showed a low dielectric constant and a similar dielectric loss compared with those of the PZT film. The figures of merit on detectivity for the PZT/PT and PZT thin films were 20.3$\times$10$\^$-6/㎩$\^$-$\sfrac{1}{2}$/, and 18.7$\times$10$\^$-6/㎩$\^$-$\sfrac{1}{2}$/, and the figures of merit on voltage response were 0.038㎡/C and 0.028 ㎡/C, respectively. The high figures of merit for the PZT/PT film were ascribed to its relatively low dielectric constant when compared to the PZT thin films.
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구배 지수에 근거한 MEMS 구조물의 강건 최적 설계 기법
한정삼,곽병만,Han, Jeung-Sam,Kwak, Byung-Man 대한기계학회 2003 대한기계학회논문집 Vol.27 No.7
In this paper we present a simple and efficient robust optimal design formulation for MEMS structures and its application to a resonant-type micro probe. The basic idea is to use the gradient index (GI) to improve robustness of the objective and constraint functions. In the robust optimal design procedure, a deterministic optimization for performance of MEMS structures is followed by design sensitivity analysis with respect to uncertainties such as fabrication errors and change of operating conditions. During the process of deterministic optimization and sensitivity analysis, dominant performance and uncertain variables are identified to define GI. The GI is incorporated as a term of objective and constraint functions in the robust optimal design formulation to make both performance and robustness improved. While most previous approaches for robust optimal design require statistical information on design variations, the proposed GI based method needs no such information and therefore is cost-effective and easily applicable to early design stages. For the micro probe example, robust optimums are obtained to satisfy the targets for the measurement sensitivity and they are compared in terms of robustness and production yield with the deterministic optimums through the Monte Carlo simulation. This method, although shown for MEMS structures, may as well be easily applied to conventional mechanical structures where information on uncertainties is lacking but robustness is highly important.
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이온선택성 전극법을 이용한 조제분유중의 염소 및 요오드 이온함량 분석방법 연구
고진혁,곽병만,안장혁,전태홍,Ko, Jin-Hyouk,Kwak, Byung-Man,Ahn, Jang-Hyuk,Jeon, Tae-Hong 한국축산식품학회 2008 한국축산식품학회지 Vol.28 No.3
This study was carried out to develop an accurate and rapid analysis method to measure the contents of iodide and chloride in infant formula using an ion selectivity electrode. The infant formula SRM 1846 (Standard Reference Material 1846, NIST, USA) was used as a CRM (Certified reference material). Samples were dissolved in water with 3% acetic acid and filtered through filter paper and adjusted to pH 7.0 with 0.1N NaOH. At pH 7.0, the iodide content of the CRM was $1.04{\pm}0.03\;mg/kg$ compared to the specification of $1.11{\pm}0.1\;mg/kg$ of CRM, and the recovery was $93.7{\pm}2.7%$. The chloride content was $5114.3{\pm}240\;mg/kg$ compared to the specification of $4,920{\pm}300mg/kg$ of CRM, and the recovery was $103.9{\pm}4.9%$. Ion selectivity electrodes could be successful1y used to determine the concentration of iodide and chloride ions in infant formula by a simple and rapid pretreatment of sample matrixes.
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