鐵筋콘크리트 農業用 構造物에 있어서 鐵筋과 콘크리트 사이의 힘의 相互傳達에 關한 硏究

姜信業 忠南大學校 1970 論文集 Vol.9 No.-

This paper present the results of the experiments with the bond for reinforced concrete member with round and deformed bars. The following conclusions were drawn from the study of the basic nature of bond adhesion and its distribution, from the survey of prestressed concrete that has recently been rapidly developed, from the study of the experimental results of the bond anchorage of the pretension members, and from the experiment on the length of transfer in prestressed concrete wire: 1. The results of the tests of bond pull-out and bond push-out and beam test in the round and deformed bars have shown that the effective length for bond increases in accordance with the increase of load and the variations of the bond distribution, and that the denotation method of the average bond stress is quite wrong. 2. Because of the workings of its protruded parts, the deformed bar can well convey its loaded power and moment, and the effective length for bond can considerably be shortened, this makes the books for the deformed bars unnecessary. 3. Even though adhesion can be strengthened by bending the end of the round bar into a hook, attention must be paid to the surface of the concrete and to the bending direction of the hook since the surrounding concrete may often be broken by the tension caused by the hook point tending to straighten itself to the outerside. 4. After performing tension tests of the PC-wire and drawing the curve line for the bond, research on the length of its transfer was made. 5. Grouping the factors of prestress bond the bond for the PC-wire anchorage of a pretensioned member into five, and studying their respective characteristics showed that lt is the factor of contact pressure that plays the biggest role among them. 6. Test results using slab test piece have shown that the length of transfer of the rusted round wire surpasses that of the deformed wire. 7. Consequently, it is suggested that it is preferable to use a deformed wire and that round wire is more efficient in reducing the length of transfer when rusted or sranded.

감수제(減水劑)를 사용(使用)한 콘크리트의 제성질(諸性質)에 관(關)한 연구(硏究)

강신업,김성완,성찬용,Kang, Sin Up,Kim, Seong Wan,Sung, Chan Yong 충남대학교 농업과학연구소 1986 Korean Journal of Agricultural Science Vol.13 No.1

본(本) 연구(硏究)는 물-시멘트비(比)와 감수제(減水劑) 첨가량(添加量)에 따른 콘크리트의 제성질(諸性質)을 보통(普通)시멘트 콘크리트와 비교(比較) 구명(究明)함으로써 콘크리트의 효과적(效果的)인 사용(使用)을 위(爲)한 기초자료(基礎資料)를 마련하는데 있으며, 이 연구(硏究)에서 얻어진 결과(結果)를 요약(要約)하면 다음과 같다. 1. 적량(適量)의 감수제(減水劑)를 첨가(添加)하면 보통(普通)시멘트 콘크리트에 비(比)하여 감수표준제(減水標準劑)인 WR-LG는 12.9%, 고류동화제(高流動化劑)인 HF-SP는 8.6%, 감수조강제(減水早强劑)인 AH-WR은 17.2%의 단위수량(單位水量)이 감소(減少)되었으며, 이의 첨가량(添加量)이 증가(增加)함에 따라 단위수량(單位水量)은 더욱 감소(減少)하였다. 2. 최대강도(最大强度)를 나타내는 감수제(減水劑)의 첨가율(添加率) WR-LG는 0.2%, HF-SP와 AH-WR은 0.4%로 나타났으며, 강도(强度)의 증가율(增加率)은 보통(普通)시멘트 콘크리트에 비(比)하여 WR-LG 콘크리트는 24.1%, HF-SP 콘크리트는 41.8%, AH-WR 콘크리트는 43.6%로 나타났다. 3. 감수제(減水劑)를 첨가(添加)한 콘크리트의 압축강도(壓縮强度)와 인장강도간(引張强度間)에는 각각(各各) 직선형(直線形)으로써 그 상관계수(相關係數)는 고도(高度)의 유의성(有意性)이 인정(認定)되었고, 콘크리트의 재령(材齡)과 감수제(減水劑) 첨가량(添加量)에 따라 압축(壓縮)과 인장강도(引張强度)를 추정(推定)할 수 있는 다중회귀방정식(多重回歸方程式)을 유도(誘導)하였으며 각(各) 방정식(方程式)은 높은 유의성(有意性) 인정(認定)되었다. 4. 적량(適量)의 감수제(減水劑)를 첨가(添加)하였을 때의 물-시멘트비(比)와 압축강도(壓縮强度)와의 관계(關係)는 직선형(直線形)으로써 모두 유의성(有意性)이 인정(認定)되었으며, 강도(强道)의 증가율(增加率)은 물-시멘트비(比) 감소율(減少率)보다 높게 나타났다. This study was performed to obtain the basic data which can be applied to the use of concretes. The data was based on the properties of concrectes depending upon water-cement ratios and addings to compare those of plain concrete. The results obtained were summarized as follows; 1. In case the proper quantity of water reducing agent was added, unit weight of water is decreased to 12.9% with WR-LG of water reducing set standarding agent and to 8.6% with HF-SP of high fluid agent and to 17.2% with AH-WR of water reducing set accelerating agent, respectively, as compared with plain concrete. With the increase of water reducing agent content unit weight of water was greatly decreased. 2. The adding rate of water reducing agent which produce maximum strength was 0.2% with WR-LG and 0.4% with HF-SP and AH-WR, respectively. The increasing rates of strengths were showed that WR-LG is 24.1% and that HF-SP is 41.8% and that AH-WR is 43.3%, respectively, as compared with plain concrete. 3. The correlations between compressive and tensile strength were highly significant as a straight line. the multiple regression equations of compressive and tensile strength were computed with the variables of curing age and addition of water reducing agent. They were highly significant. 4. In case the proper quantity of water reducing agent was added, the correlations between water-cement ratio and compressive strength were highly significant as a straight line. The increasing rates of strength were showed higher than the decreasing rates of water cement-ratio.

干拓地 除鹽에 關한 硏究

姜信業,姜乂默,金顯喆 충남대학교 대학원 원우회 1969 논문집 Vol.2 No.-

The project of desalinization in the new reclaimed land should be executed above all, because the damage of salinity in the paddy fields is due to the excess of salinity. Open ditch one of the most important methods of desalinization for expulsion of salinity by the irrigation water as well as decreasing the ground Water contained salinity. In this research, the effects of open ditch and of desalinization by irrigation water during the period of paddy plants growing, and changes of saline content in reclaimed land which is located in Kang-Hwa-Goon, Kyung-Ki-Do, were investigated. The results obtained in this research are summarized as follows: 1. The depth of saline expulsion by supplying of irrigation water was approximately 30cm to 50cm under the ground surface, but saline expulsion was hardly done in case of the depth which is deeper than the above mentioned, because the moisture and saline content hardly change in such a condition. 2. Infiltration speed of the Horizontal drainage was more rapid than that of vertical drainage in soil of Kang-Hwa reclaimed land. 3. In open ditch, we could make a good condition for the growth of rice plants, because the desalinization was not only rapid but also effective up to the subsoil layer. 4. The reasonable interval of open ditch was about 18m, and we could set limits approximately 30cm to 90cm in the depth of open ditch. 5. Saline changes of the soil in the reclaimed land was sensitive to weather condition and discharge of irrigation water, and changes of the monthly saline content was extreme in case of drying seasons and non-supplying of irrigation water, and saline content of surface layer seemed to be higher than that of subsoil. 6. The saline content of soil and the rate of disalinization showed a tendency to decrease according to cultivating years of rice plants. Rice plants was not nipped by salinity after 3 years cultivating in the conditin of open ditch by 18m iterval on the new reclaimed land.

약액주입에 의한 유수성지반의 지수 효과에 관한 연구

강신업 한국농공학회 1969 韓國農工學會誌 : 전원과 자원 Vol.11 No.2

Polypropylene Mat에 의(依)한 용수로(用水路)의 누수방지(漏水防止)에 관(關)한 연구(硏究)

강신업,강예묵,조성섭,Kang, Sin-Up,Kang, Yea-Mook,Cho, Seung-Seup 충남대학교 농업과학연구소 1979 Korean Journal of Agricultural Science Vol.6 No.2

Dam에 저수(貯水)한 물이 흙수로(水路)에 의(依)해서 도수(導水)되는 과정(過程)에서 많은 손실(損失)을 보게 된다. 특(特)히 이들 용수로(用水路)가 사력층(砂礫層)과 같은 투수성지반(透水性地盤)을 통과(通過)할 때 용수로(用水路)의 누수방지(漏水防止)를 위(爲)해서 Lining을 실시(實施)하여 왔다. 이들 용수로(用水路)의 누수방지(漏水防止)를 위(爲)한 Lining 방법(方法)은 많은 연구(硏究)가 계속(繼續)되어 왔고 최근(最近)에는 plastic film 혹은 polyethylene film 등(等)으로 Lining 하는 방법(方法)이 고안(考案)되어 연구(硏究)하고 있다. 그러나 이들 재료(材料)는 강도(强度)가 약(弱)하여 파손(破損)될 위험성(危險性)이 있고 또 모래나 자갈 입자(粒子)와 접촉(接觸)하면 pin-hole이 생겨서 누수(漏水)하게 된다. 본(本)연구(硏究)에서는 이와 같은 흠점(欠點)을 보완(補完)하기 위(爲)하여 polypropylene mat에 vinyl을 coating해서 매설(埋設) Lining하는 방법(方法)을 시험(試驗)하였다. Polypropylene mat 매설(埋設) 혹은 노출(露出)에 따르는 내구성(耐久性)의 변화(變化), Asphalt 부착부(附着部)의 내구성(耐久性) 및 동해(凍害) 등(等)은 장기간(長期間)의 시험(試驗)이 필요(必要)하므로 아직도 미비(未備)된 점(點)이 있으나 본시험(本試驗)에서 얻은 결과(結果)를 요약(要約)하면 다음과 같다. 1. 수로(水路)의 저면(底面)과 양측사면(兩側斜面)의 연결부(連結部)는 곡선(曲線)으로 설치(設置)하는 것이 사면(斜面)의 안정도(安定度)가 크고 공사비(工事費)가 절약(節約)된다. 곡급부(曲級部)의 곡율변화(曲率變化)와 polypropylene mat의 감소량(減少量) 및 절토(切土)의 감소량(減少量)과의 관계(關係)를 사면(斜面)의 경사(傾斜)로 유도(誘導)해서 그림 7~그림 9에 표시(表示)하였다. 2. Polypropylene mat의 보호(保護)를 위(爲)해서 피복재료(被覆材料)를 덮어야 하고 이 두께는 수심(水深), 사면(斜面)의 안정(安定), 수로내((水路內) 침전물(沈澱物)의 제거작업(除去作業), 통행(通行), 비관개기(非灌漑期)의 back pressure 등(等)을 고려(考慮)해서 30cm 이상(以上)으로 함이 바람직하다. 3. 피복재료(被覆材料)는 사면침식(斜面侵蝕)을 방지(防止)하기 위(爲)해서 모래질(質)흙은 속에 넣고 표면(表面)은 조립질(粗粒質)의 자갈을 덮는 것이 수로사면(水路斜面)의 안정(安定)을 위(爲)해서도 좋을 것이다. 4. 용수로(用水路)의 사면안정검토(斜面安定檢討)는 수로저면(水路底面)의 수동부(受動部)를 고려(考慮)함이 타당(妥當)하고 사면안정(斜面安定), 허용유속(許容流速) 및 소유력(掃流力)을 고려(考慮)해서 1 : 2정도(程度)의 경사(傾斜)로 설치(設置)함이 바람직하다. 5. Earth Lining의 공사비(工事費)와 비재(比載)할 때 Vinyl로 coating 한 polypropylene mat의 Linging은 흙의 운반거리(運搬距離) 500m 일 때는 28%, 700m 일 때는 37%의 공사비(工事費)를 절약(節約)할 수 있다. 6. Vinyl로 coating 한 'polypropylene mat로 Lining 하면 거의 완벽(完壁)할 정도(程度)로 누수(漏水)를 방지(防止)할 수 있으나 Asphalt로 접합(接合)시켰을 때 polypropylene mat의 강도(强度)에 변화(變化)가 오는 것이 예상(豫想)되므로 경과시간(經過時間)에 따르는 강도변화(强度變化)는 계속(繼續)해서 연구(硏究)해야 할 것으로 생각된다. In order to prevent the water loss in the irrigation canal constructed on the sandy gravel layer or on the other highly permeable ground layer, lining has been practiced. Many studies have been done so far on the lining method to prevent the water loss in the irrigation canal and recently studies on the lining with plastic film or polyethylene film were also reported. However, the plastic film or polyethylene film has low strength and is liable to break, and water loss from pin hole caused by contacting with sand or gravel is highly predicted. This study was then conducted to find proper lining and buring method in canal construction of polypropylene mat after coated with vinyl, as one way to overcome the shortcoming frequently observed when plastic or usual polyehtylene film were used. Eventhough rather longer periods of experiments are needed to attain reliable and accurate results on the variation of durability, the durability of asphalt coated area, or on the damage due to freeze after burial or exposure of polypropylene mat, the experiemental results obtained during one year of period are summarized as follows: 1. The curvature at the area between canal bottom and side slope had increased stability and saved consruction cost. The relationship among the variation of curvature, the reduction of polypropylene mat and the reduced amount of soil cutting at each side slope was presented in Fig. 7 through 9. 2. The depth of covering material to protect polypropylene mat was desired to be over 30cm, considering the water depth, side slope, canal cleaning practices, traffic, or back pressure of irrigation period. 3. In order to increase the canal stability and to prevent slope erosion, sandy soil was required, to be placed under ground, and coarse gravel should cover the surface area of canal. 4. The studies on the stability of side slope in the canal should consider the passive area on the bottom and the slope should be about 1 to 2, considering the slope stability, allowable velocity and tractive force. 5. When compared with earth lining, the lining with polypropylene mat coated with vinyl was responsible to save 28% and 37% of canal lining cost, when the soil carrying distances were 500 and 700m. respectively. 6. The water interception was almost completely attained when the polypropylene mat coated with vinyl was used for lining. But further studies were assumed to be necessary for the use of asphalt since the strength of polypropylene mat connected with asphalt will vary with duration.

-혼화재(混和材)를 사용(使用)한 Mortar의 성질(性質)에 관(關)한 연구(硏究)-

강신업,김성완,강예묵,Kang, Sin Up,Kim, Seong Wan,Kang, Yea Mook 충남대학교 농업과학연구소 1975 Korean Journal of Agricultural Science Vol.2 No.1

This research was attempted as one of a study for investigating optimum contents of fly ash and briquette ash when they were used as admixtures. In mix designs of mortar, fly ash and briquette ash to cement, each of them, was mixed with 0, 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30 percent by weight of cement. They were tested for compressive strength, tension strength and bending strength, and these results were summarized as follows; 1. The compressive strength of mortar to add fly ash showed the maximum value at 25 percent. tension strength, 20 percent, bending strength, 15 percent. 2. In case of using briquette ash, compressive strength showed maximum strength at 15 percent. tension strength, 20 percent, bending strength, 20 percent. 3. To add fly ash showed in general more additive effect than to add briquette ash. 4. It was not only to excess standard strength but may be to develop as admixture when briquette ash was used around 20 percent.

混和材를 使用한 Mortar의 性質에 關한 硏究

姜信業,金成完,姜乂默 충남대학교 농업과학연구소 1975 農業技術硏究報告 Vol.2 No.1

This research was attempted as one of a study for investigating optimum contents of fly ash and briquette ash when they were used as admixtures. In mix designs of mortar, fly ash and briquette ash to cement, each of them, was mixed with 0, 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30 percent by weight of cement. They were tested for compressive strength, tension strength and bending strength, and these results were summarized as follows; 1. The compressive strength of mortar to add fly ash showed the maximum value at 25 percent, tension strength, 20 percent, bending strength, 15 percent. 2. In case of using briquette ash, compressive strength showed maximum strength at 15 percent, tension strength, 20 percent, bending strength, 20 percent. 3. To add fly ash showed in general more additive effect than to add briquette ash. 4. It was not only to excess standard strength but may be to develop as admixture when briquette ash was used around 20 percent.

減水劑를 使用한 콘크리트의 諸性質에 關한 硏究

姜信業,金成完,成瓚鏞 충남대학교 농업과학연구소 1986 農業技術硏究報告 Vol.13 No.1

This study was performed to obtain the basic data which can be applied to the use of concretes. The data was based on the properties of concrectes depending upon water-cement ratios and addings to compare those of plain concrete. The results obtained were summarized as follows; 1. In case the proper quantity of water reducing agent was added, unit weight of water is decreased to 12.9% with WR-LG of water reducing set standarding agent and to 8.6% with HF-SP of high fluid agent and to 17.2% with AH-WR of water reducing set accelerating agent, respectively, as compared with plain concrete. With the increase of water reducing agent content unit weight of water was greatly decreased. 2. The adding rate of water reducing agent which produce maximum strength was 0.2% with WR-LG and 0.4% with HF-SP and AH-WR, respectively. The increasing rates of strengths were showed that WR-LG is 24.1% and that HF-SP is 41.8% and that AH-WR is 43.3%, respectively, as compared with plain concrete. 3. The correlations between compressive and tensile strength were highly significant as a straight line. the multiple regression equations of compressive and tensile strength were computed with the variables of curing age and addition of water reducing agent. They were highly significant. 4. In case the proper quantity of water reducing agent was added, the correlations between water-cement ratio and compressive strength were highly significant as a straight line. The increasing rates of strength were showed higher than the decreasing rates of water cement-ratio.

養生溫度가 混合材를 使用한 Mortar의 强度에 미치는 影響

姜信業,金成完 충남대학교 농업과학연구소 1976 農業技術硏究報告 Vol.3 No.2

This research was attempted as one of studies on the strength of mortar added admixtures at different curing temperatures. Variations of curing temperature to test compressive strength, tensil strength and bending strength were 20℃, 30℃ and 35℃ and these results were summarized as follow : In strength of mortar added briquette ash, the compressive strength was increased 1.58 percent, the tensile strength 0.96 percent, and the bending strength 1.26 percent compared with standard strength, by increasing one degree of celsius temperature. Also in strength of mortar added fly ash, the compressive strength increased on the average 1.3 percent, the tensile strength 0.99 percent, and the bending strength 1.18 percent at the above conditions. In case of using fly ash as admixture, maximum compressive strengths was attained at the level of 25 percent of fly ash, maximum tensile strength at the level of 20 percent of fly ash, and maximum bending strength at the level of 20 percent of fly ash. In case of using briquette ash, maximum compressive strength was attained maximum strength at 20 percent of the admixture, maximum tensile strength at the level of 15 to 20 percent of admixture and maximum bending strength at the level of 20 percent of admixture. Although addition of briquette ash was less effective in increasing the strength compared with the addition of fly ash, briquette ash might be used as one of admixtures because the control of curing temperature might affect in getting the required practical strength.

Polypropylene Mat에 依한 用水路의 漏水防止에 關한 硏究

姜信業,姜乂默,趙成燮 충남대학교 농업과학연구소 1979 農業技術硏究報告 Vol.6 No.2

In order to prevent the water loss in the irrigation canal constructed on the sandy graved layer or on the other highly permeable ground layer, lining has been practiced. Many studies, have been done so far on the lining method to prevent the water loss in the irrigation canal and recently studies on the lining with plastic film or polyethylene film were also reported. However, the plastic film or polyethylene film has low strength and is liable to break, and water loss from pin hole caused by contacting with sand or gravel is highly predicted. This study was then conducted to find proper lining and buring method in canal construction of polypropylene mat after coated with vinyl, as one way to overcome the shortcoming frequently observed when plastic or usual polyethylene film were used. Eventhough rather longer periods of experiments are needed to attain reliable and accurate results on the variation of durability, the durability of asphalt coated area, or on the damage due to freeze after burial or exposure of polypropylene mat, the experimental results obtained during one year of period are summarized as follows: 1. The curvature at the area between canal bottom and side slope had increased stability and saved consruction cost. The relationship among the variation of curvature, the reduction of polypropylene mat and the reduced amount of soil cutting at each side slope was presented in Fig. 7 through 9. 2. The depth of covering material to protect polypropylene mat was desired to be over 30cm, considering the water depth, side slope, canal cleaning practices, traffic, or back pressure of irrigation period. 3. In order to increase the canal stability and to prevent slope erosion, sandy soil was required to be placed under ground, and coarse gravel should cover the surface area of canal. 4. The studies on the stability of side slope in the canal should consider the passive area on the bottom and the slope should be about 1 to 2, considering the slope stability, allowable velocity and tractive force. 5. When compared with earth lining, the lining with polypropylene mat coated with vinyl was responsible to save 28% and 37% of canal lining cost, when the soil carrying distances were 500 and 700m. respectively. 6. The water interception was almost completely attained when the polypropylene mat coated with vinyl was used for lining. But further studies were assumed to be necessary for the use of asphalt since the strength of polypropylene mat connected with asphalt will vary with duration.