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원영도,김응렬,고성환 漢陽大學校 基礎科學硏究所 1995 基礎科學論文集 Vol.14 No.-
고분자 사슬의 접힘과정을 분자 차원에서 이해하기 위하여 선형고분자 사슬의 분자모형을 구성하고 이에 대한 분자운동론 모의실험을 수행하였다. 사슬 골격의 모형으로 폴리에틸렌을 택하였고 소수성 잔기의 모형으로 벤젠고리를 잔기로 갖는 폴리스티렌을 선정하여 등온조건에서 접힘과정을 관찰하였다. 접힘과정의 진행상황을 이면각의 변화를 추적하여 분석하였고 에너지 분할 분석을 통하여 골격 및 잔기에 있는 원자들의 상호작용이 접힘에 미치는 영향을 조사하였다. 국부적인 접힘이 선행되고 이것이 전체적인 접힘으로 이어짐을 파악하였다. We have constructed molecular model of linear chain polymers and carried out. molecular dynamics simulations with it. Molecular detail of polymer chain folding processes at constant temperature is monitored through out the simulation. We set up a model for the backbone with polyethylene and select polystyrene as a model to study hydrophobic side chain interactions. Backbone dihedral angles are used to monitor the progress of chain folding. Energy component analyses are employed to investigate interactions among molecular moieties driving the folding process. We conclude that local folding dominates first and evolves into final folded structure.
Hydrocarbon Uptake Modes에 따른 유류분해 미생물 혼합체의 원유분해능
고성환,이홍금,김상진 한국생물공학회 1998 KSBB Journal Vol.13 No.5
In this study, biodegradation rate of Arabian light crude oil by mixed cultures of selected petroleum-degraders was determined. Their modes of hydrocarbon uptake were then observed to determine whether there are differences in biodegradation rate by the mixed cultures. By the mixed cultures of petroleum-degraders having same modes of hydrocarbon uptake, such as strain US1 and K1 (using pseudo-solubilized hydrocarbons by a biosurfactants), K2-2 and P1(using hydrocarbons by direct contact), CL 180 and IC-10 (mixed type of uptake modes), the biodegradation rates of aliphatics in the crude oil were increased more than those by their pure cultures, about 40%, 25% and 20%, respectively. Biodegradation rate of strain KH3-2 (using only water- dissolved hydrocarbons) was increased by mixed cultures with strain K1, CL180 or IC-10 possessing high emulsifying activity. However, the biodegradation rate of the crude oil was decreased about 20%-40% by the mixed cultures of petroleum-degraders having different mode of hydrocarbon uptake, such as addition of strain US1 or K1 in the cultures of K2-2 or P1. Biosurfactants produced by US1 or K1 seems to enhance the emulsification of crude oil in aqueous phase but inhibit the attachment of K2-2 or P1 to crude oil. As same phenomena, the addition to Triton X-100 into the culture of strain US1, K1, CL180, IC-10 or KH3-2 increased the biodegradation rate, but the addition in the culture of strain K2-2 or P1 decreased the biodegradation rate. The mixed culture made of CL180, IC-10 and KH3-2 degraded 61.5% of aliphatics and 69% of aromatics in 3% (v/v) of Arabian light crude oil added.
高聖煥 연세대학교 인문과학연구소 1974 人文科學 Vol.32 No.-
Max Webe points out that the consciousness of citizens in modern western societies originates from the medieval cities centering in Northen Europe, and praises highly of the historical significance of the medieval cities in the West. They have been investigated by Western European scholars especially by German scholars since the beginning of the 19th century, eventually producing volumnous works. Concretly speaking, theories of formations of medieval cities from Eichhorn to Planitz indicate brilliant and various aspects of their research. It is worth while to note that the theories have been developed with emphasis on legal institutions in cities. This is due to the fact that the autonomy of cities in Germany was by far stronger than in any other nations. Needless to say, the theories should not be treated merely from the point of view of legal institutions, but they should be investigated from economical views, georaphical situations, or from the aspect of history of populations. Moreover, we must select a representative city of this type, and investigate it individually, thus allowing us to discover a new assignment for the theories concerning medieval cities.