연구논문 - Properties of Composites - : 주조 A356 Al - SiCp 복합재료의 파괴거동에 대한 공정 Si 입자의 영향

김영환,이성학,김낙준,이두영 ( Young Hwan Kim,Sung Hak Lee,Nack J . Kim,Doo Young Lee ) 대한금속재료학회 ( 구 대한금속학회 ) 1990 재료강도 심포지엄 Vol.- No.-

전기로 슬래그 포밍에 미치는 가탄재 종류의 영향

김영환,유정민,엄형식,Kim, Young-Hwan,Yoo, Jung-Min,Um, Hyung-Sic 한국자원리싸이클링학회 2019 資源 리싸이클링 Vol.28 No.2

During steelmaking in EAF, recycled scraps is used as a main material, melted by arc, and electricity use as a main energy. Slag foaming is an important technology for reducing electrical energy. CO gas generated by the reaction between injection carbon and (FeO), [C] and injection {$O_2$}. CO gas generated by this reaction is collected in slag, resulted in slag foaming. In general, the carbon materials used in the EAF process is anthracite and coke. This study investigated the effects of the carbon materials used on slag foaming in the steelmaking process. As a result of this study, the slag foaming height is increased by cokes rather than anthracite, and with an increase in the amount of particles samller than $500{\mu}m$. Based on these results, the application to the operation resulted in increase of slag forming height, reduction of injection carbon, and reduction of electrical energy.

고리원전의 온배수 방출이 주변 해조군집에 미치는 영향

김영환,안중관,윤희동,장민아,Kim, Young-Hwan,Ahn, Jung-Kwan,Yoon, Hee-Dong,Jang, Min-A 한국조류학회(藻類) 2007 ALGAE Vol.22 No.4

This study is intended to clarify the effects of heated effluents on intertidal benthic marine algal community in Korea. The species composition and biomass of marine algae at the discharge canal of Gori nuclear power plant on the southeastern coast of Korea were investigated seasonally from February 2001 to October 2006. As a result, 54 species (7 blue-green, 12 green, 9 brown and 26 red algae) of marine algae were found at the discharge canal during the past six years. In general, the number of species observed was abundant during winter to spring and less in autumn. Enteromorpha compressa, E. intestinalis, E. prolifera and Caulacanthus ustulatus were common species found more than 80% frequency during the study period. Seasonal fluctuations of mean biomass were 1-440 g dry wt m?2 and dominant species in biomass were Enteromorpha spp. (contribution to a total biomass proportion 28%), Sargassum horneri (14%) and Amphiroa beauvoisii (14%). It is evident from the floristic composition and biomass data that unique micro-environment of the discharge canal support different communities from those on the intake or control area. Results from the large numbers of surveys before and during plant operation showed that, in the regions influenced by thermal effluents such as the discharge canal of power plants, the process of ecological succession has been proceeded. It is assumed that the uni-directional water flow and the time of overhaul largely affect the development and succession of benthic marine algal communities of the discharge canal.

국립공원의 용도지구 설정을 위한 지표인자의 구명

김영환,유기준,신만용 ( Young Hwan Kim,Ki Joon Yoo,Man Yong Shin ) 한국산림과학회 1998 한국산림과학회지 Vol.87 No.3

The objective of this study was to present the proper criteria which could be efficiently used for dividing the land-use zones in Korean national parks. Delphi technique was employed to collect data for this study. The Delphi process was designed with 3 round questionaries for Korean panel experts. A list of 30 criteria was obtained to be considered in dividing land-use zones. From the results, the biological category, in which 10 criteria were involved, occupied the most part of them. This means that the panels consider the biological criteria to be the most important ones under the serious situation of environmental deterioration. Using the 30 criteria emerged from this study, it could be possible to analyze the fitness of the existing land-use zoning system. Prior to the application of these criteria to each park, however, the areal characteristics should be surveyed to select the proper criteria. The new zoning system based on the regional characteristics of each park could be efficiently utilized for management of Korean national parks.

적응된 전력 할당 기법을 이용한 준직교코드의 성능 분석

김영환,김재명,Kim Young-Hwan,Kim Jae-Moung 한국통신학회 2006 韓國通信學會論文誌 Vol.31 No.1a

송신 안테나의 개수가 2개보다 많아질 경우, 복소 직교 코드를 이용해 최대 다이버시티와 최대 전송률을 동시에 제공할 수 없다. 이들을 동시에 제공하기 위해 간단한 간섭 제거 기법과 송신 전력 할당 기법이 제안되었다. 하지만 전자의 경우 잡음을 증가시키는 단점을 가지고 있고, 후자의 경우 잡음 없이 최대 다이버시티와 최대 전송률을 제공하지만, 채널 간 페이딩 레벨의 차이가 심한 환경에서 인접 채널에 의한 간섭이 증가하는 단점을 가진다. 본 논문에서는 각 채널 간 페이딩 레벨의 차이가 심한 채널 환경에서 채널의 상태정보를 이용하여, 높은 전력으로 전송해 준 신호들의 신뢰도를 높이고, 이들을 이용하여 낮은 전력으로 전송된 신호들을 복호해 냄으로써 신호 복호과정에서 발생하는 추정오차를 줄이는 기법을 제안하고, 송신 다이버시티 시스템의 성능 향상을 꾀한다. It is impossible to provide full diversity and full rate simultaneously using more than two transmit antennas in transmit diversity system. To do this, simple interference cancellation scheme and transmit power allocation scheme have been proposed, recently. But the former has increased noise power and the latter has increased interference which is induced by other channel in fading channel. In this paper, we propose an adaptive transmit power allocation algorithm to minimize the estimation error in the channel environments which have different fading levels each other and to improve the system performance.

용융전로(熔融轉爐)슬래그와 CaO펠렛의 상호반응(相互反應)에 미치는 $Al_{2}O_{3}$의 영향(影響)

김영환,고인용,Kim, Young-Hwan,Ko, In-Yong 한국자원리싸이클링학회 2006 資源 리싸이클링 Vol.15 No.2

용융전로슬래그로부터 일반 포틀랜드 시멘트로의 전환에 관한 기초 연구의 일환으로, 전로슬래그의 $Al_{2}O_{3}$ 농도에 따를 고체 CaO 입자와 용융슬래그간의 계면반응을 알아보고자 하였다. 염기도($B=CaO/SiO_2$)를 1과 2로 조정한 전로슬래그에 소정의 $SiO_2$와 $5{\sim}15wt%\;Al_{2}O_{3}$를 첨가제로 첨가하여 MgO도가니에 넣고 $1500^{\circ}C$에서 30분간 가열 용해하여 균질화 한 후, 같은 온도의 소결 CaO펠렛을 투입하여 $10{\sim}30$분간 반응시켰다. 반응 후 급냉한 시편을 도가니의 직경방항으로 절단해서 펠렛 단면의 CaO직경 변화를 측정하여 슬래그중 $Al_{2}O_{3}$첨가에 따른 CaO의 용해속도를 조사하고, 계면 생성층을 SEM/EDX로 관찰하였다. 그 결과, 슬래그의 염기도가 2인 경우, 염기도가 1인 경우 보다 생성층 $C_{3}S$상의 두께는 $Al_{2}O_{3}$를 15wt.%까지 첨가함에 따라 3.5배 증가하였으며, $C_{6}AF_{2}$ 또는 $C_{4}AF$양도 2배 정도 증가됨을 알 수 있었다. As a basic study on the conversion of molten converter slag to the ordinary portland cement, the effects of $Al_{2}O_{3}$ addition on the interface reaction between solid CaO and molten converter slag has been studied. Alumina added converter slag whose basicity was controlled to 1 and 2 was melted and hold for 30 minutes in MgO crucible at $1500^{\circ}C$. Then sintered CaO pellet heated at the same temperature was dipped into the molten slag and held for 30minutes. After the reaction, the crucible was cooled in air and the specimen was cut off to the horizontal direction of the crucible. The dissolution rate of CaO pellet with the addition of $Al_{2}O_{3}$ was measured by the change of the radius or sintered CaO pellet and the interface layer was observed by SEM/EDX. As a result. At the basicity 2 slag, thickness of created $C_{3}S$ layer increased 3.5 times and quantity of $C_{6}AF_{2}\;or\;C_{4}AF$ phase increase 2 times than baisicy 1 slag.

Ammonium Uranyl Carbonate 입자의 침전연구

김영환,김응호 ( Young Hwan Kim,Eung Ho Kim ) 한국공업화학회 1997 응용화학 Vol.1 No.1

UO$_{2}$ 펠릿 산화로의 분말 비산 방지를 위한 최종속도 측정

김영환,윤지섭,정재후,진재현,홍동희,Kim Young-Hwan,Yoon Ji-Sup,Jung Jae-Hoo,Jin Jae-Hyun,Hong Dong-Hee 한국방사성폐기물학회 2005 방사성폐기물학회지 Vol.3 No.2

A voloxidizer for a hot cell demonstration, that handles spent fuels of a high radiation level in a limited space should be small and spent fuel powders should not be dispersed out of the equipment involved. In this study a density rate equation as well as the Stokes'equation has been proposed in order to obtain the theoretical terminal velocity of powders. The terminal velocity of U$_{3}$O$_{8}$ has been predicted by using the terminal velocity of SiO$_{2}$, and then determination has been the optimum air flow rate which is able to prevent powders from scattering. An equation which has shown a relationship between theoretical terminal velocities of U$_{3}$O$_{8}$ and SiO$_{2}$ has been derived with the help of the Stokes'equation, and then an experimental verification made for the theoretical Stokes' equation of SiO$_{2}$ by means of an experimental device made of acryl. The theoretical terminal velocity based on the proposed density rate equation has been verified by detecting U$_{3}$O$_{8}$ powders in a filter installed in the mock-up voloxidizer. As the results, the optimum air flow rates seem to be 20 LPM by the Stokes'equation while they are 14.5 L/min by the density rate equation. At the experiments with the mock-up voloxidizer, a trace amount of U$_{3}$O$_{8}$ seems to be detectable at the air flow rate of 14.5 L/min by the density rate equation, but U$_{3}$O$_{8}$ powders of 7$\mu$m diameter seem detectable at the air flow rate of 20 L/min by the Stokes'equation. It is revealed that 14.5 L/min is the optimum air flowe rate which is capable of preventing U$_{3}$O$_{8}$ powders from scattering in the UO$_{2}$ voloxidizer and the proposed density rate equation is proper to calculate the terminal velocity of U$_{3}$O$_{8}$ powders.

연구논문 - Composite Materials - : Al - SiCw 복합재료의 파괴인성에 대한 미세조직의 영향

김영환,이성학,조경목 ( Young Hwan Kim,Sung Hak Lee,Kyung Mox Cho ) 대한금속재료학회 ( 구 대한금속학회 ) 1991 재료강도 심포지엄 Vol.- No.-

용융전로(熔融轉爐)슬래그와 $C_3A(3CaO{\cdot}Al_2O_3)$ 펠렛사이의 계면반응(界面反應)

김영환,고인용,Kim, Young-Hwan,Ko, In-Yong 한국자원리싸이클링학회 2005 資源 리싸이클링 Vol.14 No.5

As a basic study for recycling molten converter slag as an ordinary portland cement (OPC) by a conversion process, the reaction mechanism and the rate of the formation of $C_4AF$ which is one of the main components of OPC were investigated. The converter slag whose basicity was controlled by adding reagent grade $SiO_2$ was melted and hold for 30 minutes in MgO crucible at $1300^{\circ}C{\sim}1350^{\circ}C$. Then, the sintered CaO pellet heated at the same temperature was dipped into the molten slag and hold for $10{\sim}30$minutes. After the reaction, the crucible was cooled in air and the specimen was cut off to the horizontal direction of the crucible. The dissolution rate of $C_3A$ pellet was measured by the change of radius of the sintered $C_3A$ pellet, and the formed phase of $C_4AF$ was observed by SEM/EDX. As a result, the dissolution rate of $C_3A$ pellet into molten slag was increased from $0.75{\times}10^{-4}(cm/sec)$ at $1300^{\circ}C$ to $1.67{\times}10^{-4}(cm/sec)$ at $1350^{\circ}C$, and the mixed layer of $C_4AF$ and $C_{12}A_7$ was found between slag and $C_3A$ pellet. 용융전로슬래그를 일반 포틀랜드 시멘트로 활용하기 위하여, 용융슬래그와 $C_3A(3CaO{\cdot}Al_2O_3)$가 반응하여 시멘트의 구성상인 $C_4AF$가 생성되는 기구와 생성속도를 조사하고자 한다. 전로슬래그에 소정의 $SiO_2$를 첨가하여 MgO도가니에 넣고 $1300^{\circ}C{\sim}1350^{\circ}C$에서 30분간 가열 용해하여 균질화 한 후, 같은 온도로 가열해 둔 소결 $C_3A$펠렛을 투입하여 $10{\sim}30$분간 반응시켰다. 반응 후, 급냉한 시편을 도가니의 직경방향으로 절단해서 펠렛 단면의 $C_3A$직경 변화를 측정하여 $C_3A$의 용해속도를 조사하고, 계면반응 생성상을 SEM/EDX로 관찰하였다. 그 결과 $C_3A$ 펠렛의 슬래그로의 용해속도는 $1300^{\circ}C$에서 $0.75{\times}10^{-4}(cm/sec)$으로부터 $1350^{\circ}C$에서 $1.67{\times}10^{-4}(cm/sec)$으로 증가하였으며, 슬래그와 $C_3A$ 펠렛 사이에 $C_4AF$와 $C_{12}A_7$의 혼합층이 생성됨을 알 수 있었다.