鍼·灸處理가 Thioacetamide投與흰쥐 肝損傷에 미치는 影響

金昌煥,崔容泰 慶熙大學校韓醫科大學韓醫學硏究所 1982 慶熙韓醫大論文集 Vol.5 No.-

DCCA와 Polar Ordination에 依한 無等山의 森林 群落 分析

金昌煥,吉奉燮 원광대학교기초자연과학연구소 1992 基礎科學硏究誌 Vol.11 No.3

光州直轄市, 全南和順郡, 潭陽郡에 위치하고 있는 無等山(1,187m)의 森林植生과 立地와의 관계를 분석하기 위하여 TWINSPAN(two-way indicator species analysis), DCCA(detrended canonical correspondenec analysis) 그리고 polar ordination을 이용하였다. 植生調査는 1990年 4月부터 1991年 8月까지 1:25,000의 지형도를 參考하여 41개소의 方形區를 設置하여 분석한 結果는 다음과 같다. 無等山의 森林群落은 TWINSPAN에 의하여 상수리나무군락(Quercus acutissima community), 들메나무군락(Fraxinus mandshurica community), 신갈나무군락(Quercus mongolica community), 졸참나무군락(Quercus serrata community), 떡갈나무군락(Quercus dentata community), 굴참나무군락(Quercus variabilis community), 소나무군락(Pinus densiflora community) 등으로 분류되었으며, 이는 polar ordination 결과와 거의 비슷한 樣相을 보였다. DCCA분석에 의하면 소나무(Pinus densiflora)는 건조하고 고도가 낮은 지대에 군락을 형성하고 있으며, 다른 군락에 비해 土壞養料가 적은 곳에 분포하고 있다. 굴참나무(Quercus vaeiabilis)와 상수리나무(Quercus acutissima)는 낮은 고도와 유기물함량이 비교적 적은 지역에 주로 분포하고 있으나, 굴참나무(Quercus variabilis)는 건조한 지역에, 상수리나무(Quercus acutissima)는 습한 지역에 군락을 형성하고 있다. 신갈나무(Quercus momgolica)와 들메나무(Fraxinus mamdshurica)는 고도가 높은 지역에서 군락을 형성하고 있으며, 습도가 높고, Kaolin, C.E.C 등이 많은 溪谷에 분포하고 있었다. Polar ordination분석에 의하면 주로 습도구배에 따라 7개군으로 분류되어지며, 유기물함량, pH, 온도, C.E.C와 P₂O_(5) 등의 환경요인들에 의하여 서로 다른 군락을 형성하고 있다. TWINSPAN(two-way indicator species analysis), DCCA(detrended canonical correspondence analysis) and polar ordination method were used so as to analyze the relation between forest vegetation and habitat of Mudu˘ngsan(1,187m) located in Kwangju area. Vegetation survey consulted 1:25,000 topographical map, set up 41 quadrats and analyzed from April, 1990 to August, 1991. Forest vegetation of Mudu˘ngsan was classified to Quercus acutissima community, Fraxinus mandshurica community, Quercus mongolica community, Quercus serrata community, Quercus dentata community, Quercus variabilis community, and Pinus densiflora community by TWINSPAN method, and this almost coincide with the result of polar ordination. According to DCCA analysis, P. densiflora community was formed in xeric and low altitude region which soil nutrient was poor, compared with other communities. Q. variabilis and Q. acutissima community were distributed in the region that low altitude and organic matter content was comparatively low, but Q. acutissima community was formed in a damp region while Q. variabilis community in a xeric region. Q. mongolica and F. mandshurica formed the communities in a high altitude region, especially F. mandshurica community was distributed in a high humidity region. According to polar ordination analysis, the forest vegetation was classified to 7 communities by means of environmental gradient such as humidity, organic matter, pH, temperature, C.E.C and P₂O_(5).

흰쥐에 있어서 Sparganum의 移行과 發育에 관한 硏究

金昌煥,徐淑才,崔朱卿 慶尙大學校 1985 論文集 Vol.24 No.1

This study was carried out to investigate the migration and development of the Sparganum in rats and the changes of haematological values in the hosts infected with Sparganum. The results obtained were summarized as follows: 1. The recovery rate of the Sparganum in the infected rats was 57 per cent on the autopical findings of the infected individual rats during observations from 2 hours to 32 days after infection with Sparganum. 2. The larval Sparganum was found in the digestive tract within two hours after administration with oral route and then, the worms began to penetrate and migrate via the abdominal cavity within 4 to 6 hours and the worms were found in the muscular tissues 2 days onwards after infections. 3. The infected Sparganum began to deveolp the size of the body from 4 day after infection and then, the size of the Sparganum was measured by 52.9mm long and 3.2mm broad on 32 days after infection . 4. In the haematological observation of the host the red blood cell values changed little, while the white blood cells were increased significantly during 2 days after infection and thereafter they were recovered to the normal values.

Rhabditis sp.의 생장에 미치는 온도의 영향에 관한 연구

金昌煥,徐淑才 慶尙大學校 1986 論文集 Vol.25 No.2

Rhabditis sp.는 토양선충의 한 종류로 토양내의 유기물을 섭취하는 자유선충인데 광범위한 온도조건에서도 서식하고 있는 것으로 알려져 환경요소 중 온도가 Rhabditis sp.의 개체증식과 생장에 미치는 영향을 검토해 보고자 여러 온도 조건하에서 배양하여 개체의 생장과 증식수 및 대사작용에 관여하는 Esterase와 Acid phosphatase의 pattern 변화를 Electrophoresis를 통하여 조사한 바 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 1. 20℃±4의 온도범위에서 배양된 Rhabditis sp.가 다른 12℃, 32℃ 온도하에서 배양된 Rhabditis sp.와 비교하여 증식수와 체형의 크기에 차이가 있었다. 2. Nanspecific esterase는 총 13개의 Isoenzyme band가 확인되었으며, 각 온도에 따라 12℃는 7개, 16℃·20℃·24℃는 각 6개, 28℃는 5개의 major band를 확인할 수 있었다. band 5번(Rf 0.58)은 전 온도범위에서 확인되었고 band 12번Rf 0.89)는 24℃온도에서만 확인되어 각 band에 따른 활성온도 범위가 각각 달랐다. 3. Acid phosphatase의 Isoenzyme pattern은 총 4개의 Isoenzyme major band 중 band 1. 2. 4. 번은 12℃에서만 major band이었고(Rf 0.14, 0.29, 0.33), band 3번(Rf 0.31)은 16℃ 이상의 온도에서 major band이었다. The present studies was carried out to investigate the influence of temperature on the rate of growth and on the multiplication of Rhabditis sp.. Rhabditis sp. was cultured at various temperature levels (12, 20, 24, and 28℃) and analysed by electrophoresis to investigated the isozyme pattern of nonspecific esterase and acid phosphatase. The results obtained were as follows. 1. Rhabditis sp. cultured at 20℃±4 showed differences in the rate of multiplication and body lengths, as compared with that at 12° or 32℃. 2. A total of 13 isoenzyme bands of nonspecific esterase was idendified and the numbers of major bands at esch temperature(12, 16, 20, 14 and 28℃) were 7, 6, 6, 6, and 5, respectively. Band 5 appeared at all temperatures tested, whereas band 12 appeared only at 24℃. 3. The patterns of acid phosphatase isoeozymes showed 4 major bands.. Out of 4 major bands band 1, 2 and 4 represented as major bands only at 12℃, whereas band 3 represented as major band at temperatures above 16℃. The results showed that the temperatures had effect on the activity of isoenzyme bands.

볼리비아의 軍部發展過程과 政治變化에 관한 硏究

金昌煥 釜山水産大學校 1980 論文集 Vol.25 No.-

Bolivia is one of the most frequently coup d'etat stricken nations in Latin America. The Bolivian people have had experience of about 200 coups and so many politcal changes during 155 years of their national independence. Therefore, through such a historical background, it has been a kind of empirical tradition that the Bolivian military forces have had a big impact on the nation's politics. From this historical view-point, I think we can classify the development of Bolivian armed forces, with relation to political change in Bolivia, into the eight evolutional phases: 1) the phase of military struggle for national independence(1810-1825) 2) the phase of "mercenary troops" system(1825-1880) 3) the phase of the European Military Assistance Group for the Bolivian military education(1899-1920) 4) the phase for strengthening Bolivian armed forces with the assistance of foreign investment in Bolivia(1920-1930) 5) the phase of declining "conservative leadership" in the Bolivian military sector(1932-1935) 6) the phase of emerging "progressive elite" in the Bolivian military sector(1936-1946) 7) the phase of reestablishing Bolivian regular armed forces(1953-1969) 8) the phase of rivalry between the leftists and the rightists in the Bolivian military leadership(1970-1979) In conclusion, the political development in Bolivia can be largely depended on whether the Bolivian military sector will take a constructive role or not, considering historical practices of military intervention in politics. But I think that the Bolivian military leadership will be easily tempted to do "role substitution" by the urge to keep its authority and elitism. In addition to the above-mentioned urge, there will be added other factors such as military competitive consciousness caused by geopolitically multilateral borders with its surrounding countries and the increasing demand of the military sector to modernize its military equipments and organizations. Therefore, nobody can be optimistic about any perspective that there will be established in the near future the political neutralization of the Bolivian military sector and the wishful political stablity in Bolivia.

『라틴아메리카』의 國際體系的 性格에 對한 硏究 : 「東歐-蘇聯」體系와의 特性比較

金昌煥 釜山水産大學校 1978 論文集 Vol.21 No.-

When we are to categorize the current international system, we generally come upon such classifications as the East-West system, the North-South system, the multi-polar system, the Third World system and the Four World system theory, which is maintained by Brzezinski. Although there is such a diversity of international system, one can not deny that a major system affects, on a significant scale, a minor system and accordingly, the former is prevailing the power-factor approach in international politics. Henry A. Kissinger describes, in his theory of the total international system, the Latin American pattern of international relations as a minor system which should be functioning with the accomodation of American world politics which employs the principle of interdependence and balance of power. The two super-powers, the U.S.A. and U.S.S.R. have exercised unchallengable direct control over their contiguous areas. The U.S.A. has been extending its overwhelming influence in Latin America since the end of the 19th century and so doing the U.S.S.R. in Eastern Europe since World WarⅡ. We can find a tendency in the interactions of the superpowers that the U.S.S.R. grasps the Eastern Europe as its core interests area and the U.S.A holds Latin America as its nearest area of vital importance. This led, Norman Bailey to evaluate that the satellite countries of the Eastern Europe and the Latin American states should be calssified as client states of the U.S.S.R. and U.S.A. respectively. But in the 1960s many new nations emerged especially in Africa, and the Afro-Asian countries stared to strengthen their political solidarities in the name of the Third World in which the Communist Cuba was associated with various leftist groups of Latin America. Since then there are some writers who classify the Latin American states as belonging to the Third World. But Latin America has inseparable relations with the U.S.A. not only in geopolitical demension but also in the inter-americas security system. Moreover, there are serious differences in the economic, social and cultural aspect, which remove countries in Latin america from those in Africa and Asia. Most countries in Latin America gained their political independence in the 19th century and maintained an advanced level of national economy as compared with the Afro-Asian nations. Latin American nations which hold the non-intervention policy as their basic principle of international relations will not tolerate the new political hegemony of Communtst China as the leader of the Third World. So Kaufman strongly danys including automatically Latin America into the category of the Third World. But in this detente era, Latin America as well as Eastern Europe can pursue their independent position to a certain extent through multilateral diplomacy. Especially, the Latin American nations display a particular degree of regularity and intensity of relations as well as awareness of interdependence among themselves by way of common problem-solving approach. Latin American states took unanimously a resolution which recognizes the ideological pluralism in the Western Hemisphere at the O.A.S Conference in April 1973. In individual field of actions, while Peru gets benefits from America-Cuban relation, Rumania, for its part, takes, advantage of the Sino-Soviet conflict. But generally the Eastern European nations lack awareness of interdependence and expression of common actions among themselves. So many anti-soviet movements in Eastern Europe including the liberalization movement of 1968 in Czechoslovakia had been smashed by the Soviet military forces Since the end of 1960s Poland, czechoslovakia and East Germany formed the so called Triangular Iron Alliance in order to keep their conservative communist position from being ideologically contaminated by Brandt's Ostpolitik. It reflects the East European satellite states' subordination mentality to Soviet Russia. It also forms a big contrast with Latin America that in the U.N, the East European states do not have any autonomous group activities among themselves without the U.S.S.R. In short, while East European relations with the U.S.S.R are based on political and military subordination, an emphasisis placed on economic and regional security in Latin America- the U.S. relations. The United States of America has taken so many military intervention in the Central America and Caribbean area, because these are areas of the core interests to the U.S.A. The Cuban missile crisis and Guantanamo naval base in Cuba, symbolize American tenacity of purpose and strategic intention. The United States of America puts an emphasis on economic motives in the relations with Latin America without having any uniform mechanism like COMECON, but exercised invisible control through the enormous network of U.S private investments. The U.S.S.R imposed the ideological discipline and loyalty to Moscow in relations with her East European satellite states which can't enjoy so much political liberty as the Latin American states do in relation with Washington. In summary, the strength to keep independent position of Latin America and maintain close relations among Latin american states is much stronger than that of East European nations. It is my opimion that the pattern of the East European international relations is a subordinate system to the U.S.S.R, but that of Latin American international relations deserver to be an autonomous international subsystem.

中南美 文學史的 측면에서 본 라틴아메리카 文學思潮 硏究

金昌煥 대구효성가톨릭대학교 1982 연구논문집 Vol.24 No.1

Borges의 文學에 비친 象徵 硏究

金昌換 慶熙大學校 1986 論文集 Vol.15 No.-

中風으로 發生된 小便不通에 對한 灸療法의 效果에 關한 臨床的 硏究

金昌煥,金容奭 경희대학교 1997 慶熙醫學 Vol.13 No.1

美ㆍ蘇의 對中南美政策動向과 中南美의 基本態度에 관한 硏究

金昌煥 대구효성가톨릭대학교 1981 연구논문집 Vol.23 No.1