http://chineseinput.net/에서 pinyin(병음)방식으로 중국어를 변환할 수 있습니다.
변환된 중국어를 복사하여 사용하시면 됩니다.
오늘 본 자료
Pressure-induced dramatic changes in organic–inorganic halide perovskites
Lü,, Xujie,Yang, Wenge,Jia, Quanxi,Xu, Hongwu Royal Society of Chemistry 2017 Chemical Science Vol.8 No.10
<▼1><P>We summarise cutting-edge discoveries and provide insights into the important theme of halide perovskites using pressure as a tuning tool.</P></▼1><▼2><P>Organic–inorganic halide perovskites have emerged as a promising family of functional materials for advanced photovoltaic and optoelectronic applications with high performances and low costs. Various chemical methods and processing approaches have been employed to modify the compositions, structures, morphologies, and electronic properties of hybrid perovskites. However, challenges still remain in terms of their stability, the use of environmentally unfriendly chemicals, and the lack of an insightful understanding into structure–property relationships. Alternatively, pressure, a fundamental thermodynamic parameter that can significantly alter the atomic and electronic structures of functional materials, has been widely utilized to further our understanding of structure–property relationships, and also to enable emergent or enhanced properties of given materials. In this perspective, we describe the recent progress of high-pressure research on hybrid perovskites, particularly regarding pressure-induced novel phenomena and pressure-enhanced properties. We discuss the effect of pressure on structures and properties, their relationships and the underlying mechanisms. Finally, we give an outlook on future research avenues in which high pressure and related alternative methods such as chemical tailoring and interfacial engineering may lead to novel hybrid perovskites uniquely suited for high-performance energy applications.</P></▼2>
Zhou, H.Y.,Shin, E.M.,Guo, L.Y.,Zou, L.B.,Xu, G.H.,Lee, S.H.,Ze, K.R.,Kim, E.K.,Kang, S.S.,Kim, Y.S. North-Holland ; Elsevier Science Ltd 2007 european journal of pharmacology Vol.572 No.2
The fruits of Poncirus trifoliata (L.) are widely used in Oriental medicine as a remedy for allergic inflammation. As a part of our program to screen medicinal plants for potential anti-inflammatory compounds, 21α-methylmelianodiol (21α-MMD) and 21β-methylmelianodiol (21β-MMD), which are two isomers of 21-methylmelianodiol isolated from the fruits of P. trifoliata for the first time, were found to inhibit nitric oxide (NO) production in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophages. 21α-MMD and 21β-MMD attenuated LPS-induced inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 protein expressions as well as the mRNA levels of iNOS, COX-2, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-1β (IL-1β). To investigate the mechanism involved, we examined the effect of 21α-MMD and 21β-MMD on LPS-induced nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) activation. Both 21α-MMD and 21β-MMD significantly inhibited LPS-induced NF-κB transcriptional activity in RAW 264.7 macrophages. Moreover, the in vivo anti-inflammatory effect of 21α-MMD was examined in two mouse models of acute inflammation. In the carrageenan-induced paw edema model, administration of 21α-MMD (20 and 100 mg/kg, i.p.) dose-dependently reduced paw swelling. In addition, 21α-MMD significantly inhibited the dye leakage in an acetic acid-induced vascular permeability assay. Taken together, our data indicate that 21-methylmelianodiol is an important constituent of the fruit of P. trifoliata, and that the inhibition of iNOS and COX-2 expression by 21α-MMD and 21β-MMD might be one of the mechanisms responsible for their anti-inflammatory effects.
Xian Wang,Shaolei Ma,Haibo Wu,Xiaofeng Shen,Shiqin Xu,Xirong Guo,Maria L Bolick,Shizheng Wu,Fuzhou Wang 생화학분자생물학회 2018 Experimental and molecular medicine Vol.50 No.-
Our previous works disclosed the contributing role of macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) and dopaminergic inhibition by lysine dimethyltransferase G9a/Glp complex in peripheral nerve injury-induced hypersensitivity. We herein propose that the proinflammatory cytokine MIF participates in the regulation of neuropathic hypersensitivity by interacting with and suppressing the descending dopaminergic system. The lumbar spinal cord (L-SC) and ventral tegmental area (VTA) are two major locations with significant upregulation of MIF after chronic constriction injury (CCI) of the sciatic nerve, and they display time-dependent changes, along with a behavioral trajectory. Correspondingly, dopamine (DA) content shows the reverse characteristic change to MIF with a time-dependent curve in post-surgical behavior. The levels of both MIF and DA are reversed by the MIF tautomerase inhibitor ISO-1, and a negative relationship exists between MIF and DA. The reversed role of ISO-1 also affects tyrosine hydroxylase expression. Furthermore, CCI induces Th promoter CpG site methylation in the L-SC and VTA areas, and this effect could be abated by ISO-1 administration. G9a/SUV39H1 and H3K9me2/H3K9me3 enrichment within the Th promoter region following CCI in the L-SC and VTA was also decreased by ISO-1. In cultured dopaminergic neurons, rMIF enhanced the recruitment of G9a and SUV39H1, followed by an increase in H3K9me2/H3K9me3. These molecular changes correspondingly exhibited alterations in Th promoter CpG site methylation and pain behaviors. In summary, MIF functions as a braking factor in curbing dopaminergic descending inhibition in peripheral nerve injury-induced hypersensitivity by mediating Th gene methylation through G9a/SUV39H1-associated H3K9 methylation.
Li, C.J.,Xu, Z.H.,Dong, Z.X.,Shi, S.L.,Zhang, J.G. Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2016 Animal Bioscience Vol.29 No.8
Whole-crop wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) as forage has been extensively used in the world. In this study, the effects of N application rates on the yields, nutritive value and silage quality were investigated. The N application rates were 0, 75, 150, 225, and 300 kg/ha. The research results indicated that the dry matter yield of whole-crop wheat increased significantly with increasing N rate up to 150 kg/ha, and then leveled off. The crude protein content and in vitro dry matter digestibility of whole-crop wheat increased significantly with increasing N up to 225 kg/ha, while they no longer increased at N 300 kg/ha. On the contrary, the content of various fibers tended to decrease with the increase of N application. The content of lactic acid, acetic acid and propionic acid in silages increased with the increase of N rate (p<0.05). The ammonia-N content of silages with higher N application rates (${\geq}225kg/ha$) was significantly higher than that with lower N application rates (${\leq}150kg/ha$). Whole-crop wheat applied with high levels of N accumulated more nitrate-N. In conclusion, taking account of yields, nutritive value, silage quality and safety, the optimum N application to whole-crop wheat should be about 150 kg/ha at the present experiment conditions.
Shim, Myoung Sup,Kim, Jin Young,Lee, Kwang Hee,Jung, Hee Kyoung,Carlson, Bradley A,Xu, Xue-Ming,Hatfield, Dolph L,Lee, Byeong Jae Biochemical Society 2011 The Biochemical journal Vol.439 No.2
<P>l(2)01810 causes glutamine-dependent megamitochondrial formation when it is overexpressed in Drosophila cells. In the present study, we elucidated the function of l(2)01810 during megamitochondrial formation. The overexpression of l(2)01810 and the inhibition of glutamine synthesis showed that l(2)01810 is involved in the accumulation of glutamate. l(2)01810 was predicted to contain transmembrane domains and was found to be localized to the plasma membrane. By using (14)C-labelled glutamate, l(2)01810 was confirmed to uptake glutamate into Drosophila cells with high affinity (K(m)=69.4 μM). Also, l(2)01810 uptakes glutamate in a Na(+)-independent manner. Interestingly, however, this uptake was not inhibited by cystine, which is a competitive inhibitor of Na(+)-independent glutamate transporters, but by aspartate. A signal peptide consisting of 34 amino acid residues targeting to endoplasmic reticulum was predicted at the N-terminus of l(2)01810 and this signal peptide is essential for the protein's localization to the plasma membrane. In addition, l(2)01810 has a conserved functional domain of a vesicular-type glutamate transporter, and Arg(146) in this domain was found to play a key role in glutamate transport and megamitochondrial formation. These results indicate that l(2)01810 is a novel type of glutamate transporter and that glutamate uptake is a rate-limiting step for megamitochondrial formation.</P>
Free trade agreements and privatization policy with an excess burden of taxation
Xu, L.,Lee, S.H.,Wang, L.F.S. North-Holland ; Elsevier Science Pub. Co 2016 JAPAN AND THE WORLD ECONOMY Vol.37 No.-
We introduce the excess burden of taxation into a bilateral trade, two-country and two-mixed market model, in which a state-owned enterprise in each country competes with both domestic and foreign private enterprises. We show that the welfare effect of privatization and free trade agreements (FTAs) depends on the shadow cost of the excess burden of taxation. We also show that privatization without an FTA can reduce social welfare and that privatization with an FTA improves (reduces) social welfare when the shadow cost is low (high). We then examine an FTA-coordination game and show that nationalization is a subgame perfect Nash equilibrium; without an FTA it reduces welfare when the shadow cost is low, and with an FTA it improves welfare when the shadow cost is high. Finally, we show that privatization policy can play the role of commitment device to encourage parties to agree to an FTA and thus, it can improve both domestic and global welfare when the shadow cost is low.
Hole Expansion Simulations of TWIP Steel Sheet Sample
L. Xu,L. Chen,D. Steglich,B. C. Decooman,F. Barlat 한국소성가공학회 2010 기타자료 Vol.2010 No.6
In this work, the stretch flangeability of a TWIP steel sheet sample was investigated both experimentally and numerically through the hole expansion test. Uniaxial tension and disk compression tests were performed to characterize the flow behavior and plastic anisotropy for the TWIP steel sheet sample. The punch load-stroke curve, hole diameter and specimen surface strain distribution near the hole was measured. Then finite element simulations of the hole expansion test were carried out using the finite element code ABAQUS with three yield criteria: von Mises, Hill 1948 and Yld2000-2d. The predicted and experimental results were compared in terms of the final hole radii and the strain distribution.