제1분과 : 보호지역 식생구조 및 관리 ; 가지산도립공원 통도사지구의 식물군락과 환경요인의 상관관계

이상철 ( Sang Cheol Lee ),강현미 ( Hyun Mi Kang ),최송현 ( Song Hyun Choi ),바오위친 ( Yu Qin Bao ),유찬열 ( Chan Yeol Yu ) 한국환경생태학회 2014 한국환경생태학회 학술대회지 Vol.2014 No.1

가지산도립공원은 한반도 남동쪽에 위치하고 있으며, 국민휴양 및 정서 함양에 이바지하기 위한 목적으로 1979년11월에 지정되었다. 가지산도립공원은 백두대간에서 분기되어 남동쪽으로 뻗어있는 낙동정맥에 일부 속해 있으며, 주위의 운문산(1, 190m), 천황산(1, 189m), 신불산(1, 209m), 간월산(1, 083m), 영취산(1, 059m)과 함께 영남알프스로 불린다(Kim et al., 2010). 또한 가지산도립공원은 사찰을 중심으로 통도사지구, 내원사지구, 석남사지구 등 3개의 지구로 나눠 관리중이다. 가지산도립공원에 관한 연구는 석남사지구, 내원사지구등 지구별로 수행되었지만 통도시지구에 대한 식물사회학적 연구는 부족한 실정이다. 최근 들어, 통도사지구의 자연환경에 대한 전반적인 조사가 이루어졌으나(Kim et al. , 2014) 현존식생과 그 식생구조에 대한 현황에 그치고 있다. 현존하는 식물사회는 그들이 처한 다양한 환경 인자에 적응하여 이룩한 결과물이라 할 수 있으므로(Ellenberg, 1992), 본 연구는 가지산도립공원 통도사지구를 중심으로 식생구조를 파악하고 대표적 식물군락과 그 환경요인의 상관관계를 밝혀보고자 하였다. 2013년 7월 10일부터 12일까지 3일간 현장조사를 실시하였고, 식물군락구조 특성을 파악하기 위해 금수암, 백운암, 반야암 등을 중심으로 Ellenberg(1956)와 Westhoff and Maarel(1973)을 참고하여 200~300㎡ 크기의 방형구 (quadrat) 31개소를 설치하였다. 식생조사는 교목층, 아교목층, 관목층으로 나누어 수관층위별로 실시하였고, 식생조사 자료를 토대로 상대우점치(Brower and Zar, 1977)를 분석하였다. 이를 토대로 TWINSPAN에 의한 classification 분석(Hill, 1979a)과 DCA ordination(Hill, 1979b)분석을 실시하였으며, 종 구성의 다양한 정도를 나타내는 척도인종다양도 분석 및 유사도를 비교 분석하였다. 가지산도립공원 통도사지구 산림지역의 토양 이화학적 특성을 알아보기 위해 31개 조사구 내에서 임의의 지점 3곳을 골라 Ao층을걷어내고 표층으로부터 30cm정도의 깊이의 토양을 채취·혼합하여 실내에서 음건하였다. 분석용 토양을 토양 및 식물체 분석법(National Institute of Agricultural Science and Technology, 2000)에 의한 pH, EC, 유기물함량, 유효인산과 전질소함량, 치환성양이온의 함량 등을 분석하였다. 산림군락은 환경요인에 따라 그 구조가 달라지며, 군락구조를 분석하고 환경요인과의 관계를 분석하는데 있어 ordination방법이널리 이용되고 있다(Song and Kim, 1992). Ordination 분석은 DCA(Detrended Correspondence Analysis)의 확장인 DCCA(Detrended Canonical Corresponded Analysis)를 사용하였으며(Hill and Gauch, 1980), DCCA결과에서 식물군락은 점으로 분포를 나타내고 환경요인은 화살표로 나타내어 화살표의 방향과 길이로부터 식물군락과의 유의성을 알 수 있다(Jongman et al. , 1995). MVSP (Multi-Variate Statistical Package) 3. 2 program을 사용하여 분석하였으며, ordination 분석을 통하여 산림식생과 환경 요인과의 관계를 규명하고자 하였다. 전체 31개 조사구에 대해 유형별 분류를 하기 위하여 classification 분석 중 지표종(indicator species)을 중심으로 군락을 분류할 수 있는 TWINSPAN기법을 적용한 결과, 소나무-갈참나무군락(Ⅰ), 개서어나무-참나무류군락(Ⅱ), 소나무-개서어나무군락(Ⅲ), 소나무-굴참나무군락(Ⅳ), 굴참나무-신갈나무군락(Ⅴ) 등 총 5개 군락으로 분리되었다. Classification 분석의 상호보완적 방법으로 군락분포를 알아보기 위해(Lee et al. , 1994; Choi and Kang, 2006) ordination 분석 방법 중 DCA 기법을 적용하여 군락의 분포상태를 살펴 본 결과, 소나무와 갈참나무가 우점하는 군락Ⅰ과 굴참나무와 신갈나무가 우점하고 있는 군락Ⅴ를 제외하면, 그 외 군락들은 소나무, 개서어나무, 굴참나무 등을 중심으로 연속적으로 분포하였다. Classification 분석과 ordination 분석을 통해 분리된 5개군락에 대해 각 군락별로 층위별 상대우점치 및 평균상대우 점치를 분석하였다. 군락Ⅰ은 교목층에서 소나무가 우점하는 가운데 갈참나무, 졸참나무 등과 함께 경쟁하고 있었으며, 아교목층에서는 소나무가 출현하지 않았다. 갈참나무, 노각나무, 비목나무 등이 아교목층에서 우점하고 있었고, 관목층에서는 노각나무, 비목나무 등이 우점하였다. 군락Ⅱ는 교목층에서 개서어나무가 졸참나무, 굴참나무 등과 경쟁하고 있었으나, 아교목층에서 개서어나무에 비해 졸참나무, 굴참나무의 세력이 크게 형성되지 못하였다. 관목층에서는 비목나무, 생강나무 등이 우점하고 있어, 군락Ⅱ는 향후에도 개서어나무를 중심으로 한 낙엽활엽수림으로 유지될 것으로 사료된다. 군락Ⅲ은 교목층에서 소나무와 개서어나무, 졸참나무 등이 경쟁을 하고 있었다. 아교목층에서 개서어나무와 때죽나무가 우점하고 있어, 소나무와의 경쟁을 통해장기적으로는 개서어나무를 중심으로 한 낙엽활엽수림으로의 천이가 예상되었다. 군락Ⅳ는 소나무-굴참나무군락으로 소나무와 굴참나무, 졸참나무 등의 참나무류가 경쟁하고 있어, 낙엽성 참나무류로의 천이가 예상되었다. 군락Ⅴ는굴참나무와 신갈나무가 교목층에서 우점하고 있으며, 아교목층에서는 쇠물푸레나무, 철쭉, 생강나무 등이 우점하였다. 가지산도립공원 통도사지구의 31개 조사구에 대하여 토양을 채취·분석한 결과, 평균 수소이온농도는 pH 4. 9로 경남의 전체적인 평균 pH 5. 27(Jeong et al. , 2002)보다 낮게나타났다. 수소이온농도는 여러 가지 요인에 의해 시·공간적으로 변화를 보이기 때문에 직접적인 비교는 어려우나 산림지역에서 pH 5. 0 이하의 강산성토양 분포비율의 증가는 환경오염물질에 의한 토양산성화물질의 기여도가 높을 가능성을 시사하고 있다(Lee and Park, 2001). 또한 침엽수의 생육범위가 pH 4. 8~5. 5(Lee, 2000)인 점을 고려하고 가지산도립공원 통도사지구에는 소나무림이 폭넓게 분포하며 본 연구의 평균 수소이온농도 pH 4. 9 이하의 조사구에서 소나무가 상당수 출현하는 점을 감안할 때, 그에 따른 영향으로 판단된다. 유기물 함량은 약 96g/kg으로 나타났고, 전질소함량은 0. 33~0. 74%의 범위로 우리나라 산림토양의 평균값인 0. 19%보다 다소 높게 나타났다. 31개 조사구의 산림식생을 5개 군락으로 분류하여 해발고, 경사, 토양의 화학적 특성 등 11개의 환경요인과 DCCA ordination 분석한 결과, 해발고도, 경사도, 수소이온농도(pH), 유기물함량, Ca2+, K+ 등이 식생분포에 영향을 미치는 환경인자로 나타났다. 제 1축에서 해발고 외에 수소이온농도(pH), 유기물함량, 경사도 등이 비교적 높은 상관관계를 보였으며, 제 2축에서는 상관관계가 뚜렷하게 나타나지 않았다. 해발고도는 식생분포에 영향을 미치는 환경인자들 중에서 가장 중요한 인자로 알려져 있는데(Seo et al. , 1995;Chung et al. , 1997; Song et al. , 1998; Lee et al. , 2010), 본 연구에서도 해발고도가 군락의 분포에 상관이 높은 것으로 나타났고, 굴참나무-신갈나무군락(Ⅴ)은 비교적 해발고가 높은 지역에서 출현하였다.

eRF1aMC and Mg2+ Dependent Structure Switch of GTP Binding to eRF3 in Euplotes octocarinatus

( Song Li ),( Yu Xin Jia ),( Wen Si Zhu ),( Bao Feng Chai ),( Ai Hua Liang ) 한국미생물 · 생명공학회 2012 Journal of microbiology and biotechnology Vol.22 No.2

Eukaryotic translation termination is governed by eRF1 and eRF3. eRF1 recognizes the stop codons and then hydrolyzes peptidyl-tRNA. eRF3, which facilitates the termination process, belongs to the GTPase superfamily. In this study, the effect of the MC domain of eRF1a (eRF1aMC) on the GTPase activity of eRF3 was analyzed using fluorescence spectra and high-performance liquid chromatography. The results indicated eRF1aMC promotes the GTPase activity of eRF3, which is similar to the role of eRF1a. Furthermore, the increased affinity of eRF3 for GTP induced by eRF1aMC was dependent on the concentration of Mg2+. Changes in the secondary structure of eRF3C after binding GTP/GDP were detected by CD spectroscopy. The results revealed changes of conformation during formation of the eRF3C·GTP complex that were detected in the presence of eRF1a or eRF1aMC. The conformations of the eRF3C·eRF1a·GTP and eRF3C·eRF1aMC·GTP complexes were further altered upon the addition of Mg2+. By contrast, there was no change in the conformation of GTP bound to free eRF3C or the eRF3C·eRF1aN complex. These results suggest that alterations in the conformation of GTP bound to eRF3 is dependent on eRF1a and Mg2+, whereas the MC domain of eRF1a is responsible for the change in the conformation of GTP bound to eRF3 in Euplotes octocarinatus.

Determination of equivalent blasting load considering millisecond delay effect

Song, Zhan-Ping,Li, Shi-Hao,Wang, Jun-Bao,Sun, Zhi-Yuan,Liu, Jing,Chang, Yu-Zhen Techno-Press 2018 Geomechanics & engineering Vol.15 No.2

In the analysis of the effects of rock tunnel blasting vibration on adjacent existing buildings, the model of simplified equivalent load produces higher calculation result of vibration, due to the lack of consideration of the millisecond delay effect. This paper, based on the static force equivalence principle of blasting load, proposes a new determination method of equivalent load of blasting vibration. The proposed method, based on the elastic-static force equivalence principle of stress wave, equals the blasting loads of several single blastholes in the same section of millisecond blasting to the triangle blasting load curve of the exploded equivalent elastic boundary surface. According to the attenuation law of stress wave, the attenuated equivalent triangle blasting load curve of the equivalent elastic boundary is applied on the tunnel excavation contour surface, obtaining the final applied equivalent load. Taking the millisecond delay time of different sections into account, the time-history curve of equivalent load of the whole section applied on the tunnel excavation contour surface can be obtained. Based on Sailing Tunnel with small spacing on Sanmenxia-Xichuan Expressway, an analysis on the blasting vibration response of the later and early stages of the tunnel construction is carried out through numerical simulation using the proposed equivalent load model considering millisecond delay effect and the simplified equivalent triangle load curve model respectively. The analysis of the numerical results comparing with the field monitoring ones shows that the calculation results obtained from the proposed equivalent load model are closer to the measured ones and more feasible.

Prognostic Role of Hepatoma-derived Growth Factor in Solid Tumors of Eastern Asia: a Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Bao, Ci-Hang,Liu, Kun,Wang, Xin-Tong,Ma, Wei,Wang, Jian-Bo,Wang, Cong,Jia, Yi-Bin,Wang, Na-Na,Tan, Bing-Xu,Song, Qing-Xu,Cheng, Yu-Feng Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2015 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.16 No.5

Hepatoma-derived growth factor (HDGF) is a novel jack-of-all-trades in cancer. Here we quantify the prognostic impact of this biomarker and assess how consistent is its expression in solid tumors. A comprehensive search strategy was used to search relevant literature updated on October 3, 2014 in PubMed, EMBASE and WEB of Science. Correlations between HDGF expression and clinicopathological features or cancer prognosis was analyzed. All pooled HRs or ORs were derived from random-effects models. Twenty-six studies, primarily in Eastern Asia, covering 2,803 patients were included in the analysis, all of them published during the past decade. We found that HDGF overexpression was significantly associated with overall survival (OS) ($HR_{OS}=2.35$, 95%CI=2.04-2.71, p<0.001) and disease free survival (DFS) ($HR_{DFS}=2.25$, 95%CI =1.81-2.79, p<0.001) in solid tumors, especially in non-small cell lung cancer, hepatocellular carcinoma and cholangiocarcinoma (CCA). Moreover, multivariate survival analysis showed that HDGF overexpression was an independent predictor of poor prognosis ($HR_{OS}=2.41$, 95%CI: 2.02-2.81, p<0.001; $HR_{DFS}=2.39$, 95%CI: 1.77-3.24, p<0.001). In addition, HDGF overexpression was significantly associated with tumor category (T3-4 versus T1-2, OR=2.12, 95%CI: 1.17-3.83, p=0.013) and lymph node status (N+ versus N-, OR=2.37, 95%CI: 1.31-4.29, p=0.03) in CCA. This study provides a comprehensive examination of the literature available on the association of HDGF overexpression with OS, DFS and some clinicopathological features in solid tumors. Meta-analysis results provide evidence that HDGF may be a new indicator of poor cancer prognosis. Considering the limitations of the eligible studies, other large-scale prospective trials must be conducted to clarify the prognostic value of HDGF in predicting cancer survival.

Role of IL-18 Gene Promoter Polymorphisms, Serum IL-18 Levels, and Risk of Hepatitis B Virus-related Liver Disease in the Guangxi Zhuang Population: a Retrospective Case-Control Study

Lu, Yu,Bao, Jin-Gui,Deng, Yan,Rong, Cheng-Zhi,Liu, Yan-Qiong,Huang, Xiu-Li,Song, Liu-Ying,Li, Shan,Qin, Xue Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2015 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.16 No.14

Background: The aim of this study was to assess the relationship between IL-18 gene polymorphisms and HBV-related diseases and whether these polymorphisms influence its expression in the Guangxi Zhuang population. Materials and Methods: We enrolled 129 chronic HBV infected (CHB) patients, 86 HBV-related liver cirrhosis (LC) patients and 160 healthy controls in our study. Polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism methods were used to detect IL-18 gene -607C/A, -137G/C polymorphisms, and an ELISA kit was employed to determine serum IL-18 levels. Results: No correlation was found between the -607C/A polymorphism and risk of HBV-related disease. For the -137G/C polymorphism, the GC genotype and C allele were associated with a significantly lower risk of CHB (95%CI: 0.32-0.95, p=0.034 and 95%CI: 0.35-0.91, p=0.018) and HBV-related LC (95%CI: 0.24-0.89, p=0.022 and 95%CI: 0.28-0.90, p=0.021). A similar decreased risk was also found with the A-607C-137 haplotype. With respect to IL-18 expression, it was significantly lower in both patient groups, but no association was noted between the two polymorphisms in the IL-18 gene and its expression. Conclusions: Our study indicated that the -137C allele in the IL-18 gene may be a protective factor for HBV-related disease, and serum IL-18 level may be inversely associated with CHB and HBV-related LC.

Rewiring the Lesioned Brain: Electrical Stimulation for Post-Stroke Motor Restoration

Shi-chun Bao,Ahsan Khan,Rong Song,Raymond Kai-yu Tong 대한뇌졸중학회 2020 Journal of stroke Vol.22 No.1

Electrical stimulation has been extensively applied in post-stroke motor restoration, but its treatment mechanisms are not fully understood. Stimulation of neuromotor control system at multiple levels manipulates the corresponding neuronal circuits and results in neuroplasticity changes of stroke survivors. This rewires the lesioned brain and advances functional improvement. This review addresses the therapeutic mechanisms of different stimulation modalities, such as noninvasive brain stimulation, peripheral electrical stimulation, and other emerging techniques. The existing applications, the latest progress, and future directions are discussed. The use of electrical stimulation to facilitate post-stroke motor recovery presents great opportunities in terms of targeted intervention and easy applicability. Further technical improvements and clinical studies are required to reveal the neuromodulatory mechanisms and to enhance rehabilitation therapy efficiency in stroke survivors and people with other movement disorders.

Nicotinic acid changes rumen fermentation and apparent nutrient digestibility by regulating rumen microbiota in Xiangzhong black cattle

Yang Zhuqing,Bao Linbin,Song Wanming,Zhao Xianghui,Liang Huan,Yu Mingjin,Qu Mingren 아세아·태평양축산학회 2024 Animal Bioscience Vol.37 No.2

Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of dietary nicotinic acid (NA) on apparent nutrient digestibility, rumen fermentation, and rumen microbiota in uncastrated Xiangzhong black cattle. Methods: Twenty-one uncastrated Xiangzhong black cattle (385.08±15.20 kg) aged 1.5 years were randomly assigned to the control group (CL, 0 mg/kg NA in concentrate diet), NA1 group (800 mg/kg NA in concentrate diet) and NA2 group (1,200 mg/kg NA in concentrate diet). All animals were fed a 60% concentrate diet and 40% dried rice straw for a 120-day feeding experiment. Results: Supplemental NA not only enhanced the apparent nutrient digestibility of acid detergent fiber (p<0.01), but also elevated the rumen acetate and total volatile fatty acid concentrations (p<0.05). 16S rRNA gene sequencing analysis of rumen microbiota revealed that dietary NA changed the diversity of rumen microbiota (p<0.05) and the abundance of bacterial taxa in the rumen. The relative abundances of eight Erysipelotrichales taxa, five Ruminococcaceae taxa, and five Sphaerochaetales taxa were decreased by dietary NA (p< 0.05). However, the relative abundances of two taxa belonging to Roseburia faecis were increased by supplemental 800 mg/kg NA, and the abundances of seven Prevotella taxa, three Paraprevotellaceae taxa, three Bifidobacteriaceae taxa, and two operational taxonomic units annotated to Fibrobacter succinogenes were increased by 1,200 mg/kg NA in diets. Furthermore, the correlation analysis found significant correlations between the concentrations of volatile fatty acids in the rumen and the abundances of bacterial taxa, especially Prevotella. Conclusion: The results from this study suggest that dietary NA plays an important role in regulating apparent digestibility of acid detergent fiber, acetate, total volatile fatty acid concentrations, and the composition of rumen microbiota.

An Improved Atomization Model with Size Distribution of Droplets Shed From Y-Jet Nozzles

( Ming Chuan Zhang ),( Yu Bao Song ),( Yu Gui Zhou ),( Bo Hong Shi ),( Juan Yu ),( Wei Dong Fan ) 한국액체미립화학회 2001 한국액체미립화학회 학술강연회 논문집 Vol.2001 No.-

Golgi Phosphoprotein 2 Down-regulates the Th1 Response in Human Gastric Cancer Cells by Suppressing IL-12A

Tang, Qing-Feng,Ji, Qing,Tang, Yu,Hu, Song-Jiao,Bao, Yi-Jie,Peng, Wen,Yin, Pei-Hao Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2013 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.14 No.10

Golgi phosphoprotein 2 (GOLPH2) is a very important biomarker in a variety of diseases. Its biological function is not clear, particularly in gastric cancer. To investigate the role of GOLPH2 in human gastric cancer, and determine its effect on the Th1 lymphocyte response, its expression and that of IL-12A were measured by real-time PCR and immunohistochemistry. The relationship between GOLPH2 and IL-12A was analysed statistically. The effect of GOLPH2 on the Th1 lymphocyte response was investigated with an in vitro co-culture system. The results showed that in human gastric cancer, the expression of GOLPH2 was significantly higher and the expression of IL-12A was lower than in normal gastric mucosal tissues, and the expression levels of GOLPH2 and IL-12A were negatively correlated. In addition, obvious down-regulation of the Th1 response was observed when lymphocytes were co-cultured with gastric cancer SGC7901 cells over-expressing GOLPH2. GOLPH2 down-regulated the expression of IL-12A, and inhibited the expression of TNF-${\alpha}$ and IFN-${\gamma}$. The results indicated that GOLPH2 down-regulates the Th1 response via suppression of IL-12A in human gastric cancer, and this might provide a target for the prevention and treatment.

Study on the Temperature Drift Adaptive Compensation Algorithm of a Magneto-Electric Encoder Based on a Simple Neuron

Lei Wang,Shuang-hui Hao,Bao-yu Song,Ming-hui Hao 전력전자학회 2014 JOURNAL OF POWER ELECTRONICS Vol.14 No.6

Magneto-electric encoders have been widely used in industry and military applications because of their good shock resistance, small volume, and convenient data processing. However, the characteristics of a magneto-electric encoder’s signal generator and hall sensor changes minimally with temperature variation. These changes cause an angle drift. The main purpose of this study is to construct the compensation system of a neural network and constantly update weight coefficients of temperature correction by finite iteration calculation so that the angle value modified can approach the angle value at the target temperature. This approach is used in adaptive correction of the angle value.