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Activation of KRAS promotes the mesenchymal features of basal-type breast cancer
Kim, Rae-Kwon,Suh, Yongjoon,Yoo, Ki-Chun,Cui, Yan-Hong,Kim, Hyeonmi,Kim, Min-Jung,Gyu Kim, In,Lee, Su-Jae Nature Publishing Group 2015 Experimental and molecular medicine Vol.47 No.1
<P>Basal-type breast cancers are among the most aggressive and deadly breast cancer subtypes, displaying a high metastatic ability associated with mesenchymal features. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying the maintenance of mesenchymal phenotypes of basal-type breast cancer cells remain obscure. Here, we report that KRAS is a critical regulator for the maintenance of mesenchymal features in basal-type breast cancer cells. KRAS is preferentially activated in basal-type breast cancer cells as compared with luminal type. By loss and gain of KRAS, we found that KRAS is necessary and sufficient for the maintenance of mesenchymal phenotypes and metastatic ability through SLUG expression. Taken together, this study demonstrates that KRAS is a critical regulator for the metastatic behavior associated with mesenchymal features of breast cancer cells, implicating a novel therapeutic target for basal-type breast cancer.</P>
An Economic Assessment on Prioritizing Climate Change Adaptation Policies in Water Management
Yongjoon Kim,Sung-Eun Yoo,Ji Won Bang,Kwansoo Kim,Donghwan An 한국농업경제학회 2019 農業經濟硏究 Vol.60 No.3
Water management issue is recognized as one of the main concerns of climate change due to an increasing level of drought in terms of its magnitude and severity. This paper tries to prioritize water management-related climate change adaptation policies based on a probabilistic CBA (Cost-Benefit Analysis) approach. First, we classify adaptation policies into four types and evaluate the BCR (Benefit-Cost Ratio) of each type. Second, the risk premium of each adaptation policy type is evaluated, and the BCR is reestimated after taking risk premium results into consideration. Lastly, we found that the estimated probabilistic distribution function of the BCR revealed a remarkable result: “the economically feasible adaptation policy type evaluated at an average can be economically unviable with a probability of 29.38% (RCP 8.5).” In conclusion, the estimated results show that the BCR is hardly over unity, and the priority of adaptation policy can be different when uncertainty effects of climate change associated with extreme weather events are taken into consideration.
Three-Dimensional Silicon Electronic Systems Fabricated by Compressive Buckling Process
Kim, Bong Hoon,Lee, Jungyup,Won, Sang Min,Xie, Zhaoqian,Chang, Jan-Kai,Yu, Yongjoon,Cho, Youn Kyoung,Jang, Hokyung,Jeong, Ji Yoon,Lee, Yechan,Ryu, Arin,Kim, Do Hoon,Lee, Kun Hyuck,Lee, Jong Yoon,Liu, American Chemical Society 2018 ACS NANO Vol.12 No.5
<P>Recently developed approaches in deterministic assembly allow for controlled, geometric transformation of two-dimensional structures into complex, engineered three-dimensional layouts. Attractive features include applicability to wide ranging layout designs and dimensions along with the capacity to integrate planar thin film materials and device layouts. The work reported here establishes further capabilities for directly embedding high-performance electronic devices into the resultant 3D constructs based on silicon nanomembranes (Si NMs) as the active materials in custom devices or microscale components released from commercial wafer sources. Systematic experimental studies and theoretical analysis illustrate the key ideas through varied 3D architectures, from interconnected bridges and coils to extended chiral structures, each of which embed n-channel Si NM MOSFETs (nMOS), Si NM diodes, and p-channel silicon MOSFETs (pMOS). Examples in stretchable/deformable systems highlight additional features of these platforms. These strategies are immediately applicable to other wide-ranging classes of materials and device technologies that can be rendered in two-dimensional layouts, from systems for energy storage, to photovoltaics, optoelectronics, and others.</P> [FIG OMISSION]</BR>
Multilayer Transfer Printing for Pixelated, Multicolor Quantum Dot Light-Emitting Diodes
Kim, Bong Hoon,Nam, Sooji,Oh, Nuri,Cho, Seong-Yong,Yu, Ki Jun,Lee, Chi Hwan,Zhang, Jieqian,Deshpande, Kishori,Trefonas, Peter,Kim, Jae-Hwan,Lee, Jungyup,Shin, Jae Ho,Yu, Yongjoon,Lim, Jong Bin,Won, Sa American Chemical Society 2016 ACS NANO Vol.10 No.5
<P>Here, we report multilayer stacking of films of quantum dots (QDs) for the purpose of tailoring the energy band alignment between charge transport layers and light emitting layers of different color in quantum dot light emitting diodes (QD LED) for maximum efficiency in full color operation. The performance of QD LEDs formed by transfer printing compares favorably to that of conventional devices fabricated by spin-casting. Results indicate that zinc oxide (ZnO) and titanium dioxide (TiO2) can serve effectively as electron transport layers (ETLs) for red and green/blue QD LEDs, respectively. Optimized selections for each QD layer can be assembled at high yields by transfer printing with sacrificial fluoropolymer thin films to provide low energy surfaces for release, thereby allowing shared common layers for hole injection (HIL) and hole transport (HTL), along with customized ETLs. This strategy allows cointegration of devices with heterogeneous energy band diagrams, in a parallelized scheme that offers potential for high throughput and practical use.</P>
An Economic Assessment on Prioritizing Climate Change Adaptation Policies in Water Management
( Yongjoon Kim ),( Sung-eun Yoo ),( Ji Won Bang ),( Kwansoo Kim ),( Donghwan An ) 한국농업경제학회 2019 KOREAN JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS(KJAT) Vol.60 No.3
Water management issue is recognized as one of the main concerns of climate change due to an increasing level of drought in terms of its magnitude and severity. This paper tries to prioritize water management-related climate change adaptation policies based on a probabilistic CBA (Cost-Benefit Analysis) approach. First, we classify adaptation policies into four types and evaluate the BCR (Benefit-Cost Ratio) of each type. Second, the risk premium of each adaptation policy type is evaluated, and the BCR is reestimated after taking risk premium results into consideration. Lastly, we found that the estimated probabilistic distribution function of the BCR revealed a remarkable result: “the economically feasible adaptation policy type evaluated at an average can be economically unviable with a probability of 29.38% (RCP 8.5).” In conclusion, the estimated results show that the BCR is hardly over unity, and the priority of adaptation policy can be different when uncertainty effects of climate change associated with extreme weather events are taken into consideration.
Kim, Min-Jung,Kim, Rae-Kwon,Yoon, Chang-Hwan,An, Sungkwan,Hwang, Sang-Gu,Suh, Yongjoon,Park, Myung-Jin,Chung, Hee Young,Kim, In Gyu,Lee, Su-Jae Cambridge University Press 2011 Journal of cell science Vol.124 No.18
<P>Brain tumors frequently recur or progress as focal masses after treatment with ionizing radiation. However, the mechanisms underlying the repopulation of tumor cells after radiation have remained unclear. In this study, we show that cellular signaling from Abelson murine leukemia viral oncogene homolog (Abl) to protein kinase Cδ (PKCδ) is crucial for fractionated-radiation-induced expansion of glioma-initiating cell populations and acquisition of resistance to anticancer treatments. Treatment of human glioma cells with fractionated radiation increased Abl and PKCδ activity, expanded the CD133-positive (CD133(+)) cell population that possesses tumor-initiating potential and induced expression of glioma stem cell markers and self-renewal-related proteins. Moreover, cells treated with fractionated radiation were resistant to anticancer treatments. Small interfering RNA (siRNA)-mediated knockdown of PKCδ expression blocked fractionated-radiation-induced CD133(+) cell expansion and suppressed expression of glioma stem cell markers and self-renewal-related proteins. It also suppressed resistance of glioma cells to anticancer treatments. Similarly, knockdown of Abl led to a decrease in CD133(+) cell populations and restored chemotherapeutic sensitivity. It also attenuated fractionated-radiation-induced PKCδ activation, suggesting that Abl acts upstream of PKCδ. Collectively, these data indicate that fractionated radiation induces an increase in the glioma-initiating cell population, decreases cellular sensitivity to cancer treatment and implicates activation of Abl-PKCδ signaling in both events. These findings provide insights that might prove pivotal in the context of ionising-radiation-based therapeutic interventions for brain tumors.</P>
Kim, Rae-Kwon,Suh, Yongjoon,Yoo, Ki-Chun,Cui, Yan-Hong,Hwang, Eunji,Kim, Hyun-Jin,Kang, Ju-Seop,Kim, Min-Jung,Lee, Young Yiul,Lee, Su-Jae BlackWell Publishing Ltd 2015 CANCER SCIENCE Vol.106 No.1
<P>Metastasis is a challenging clinical problem and the primary cause of death in breast cancer patients. However, there is no therapeutic agent against metastasis of breast cancer cells. Here we report that phloroglucinol, a natural phlorotannin component of brown algae suppresses metastatic ability of breast cancer cells. Treatment with phloroglucinol effectively inhibited mesenchymal phenotypes of basal type breast cancer cells through downregulation of SLUG without causing a cytotoxic effect. Importantly, phloroglucinol decreased SLUG through inhibition of PI3K/AKT and RAS/RAF-1/ERK signaling. In agreement with <I>in vitro</I> data, phloroglucinol was also effective against <I>in vivo</I> metastasis of breast cancer cells, drastically suppressing their metastatic ability to lungs, and extending the survival time of mice. Collectively, our findings demonstrate a novel anticancer activity of phloroglucinol against metastasis of breast cancer cells, implicating its clinical relevance.</P>