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Pathophysiology of liver fibrosis and liver immunity
( Won-mook Choi ),( Won-il Jeong ) 대한간학회 2015 임상연구방법론워크숍 Vol.2015 No.1
Various types of chronic liver disease cause liver fibrosis. Hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) are known as the key cell type by producing a large amount of extracellular matrix, profibrotic cytokines and chemokines. Recently, emerging evidence suggests that the liver is not only a metabolic organ but also an immunologic organ due to enrichment of diverse types of innate and adaptive immune cells. Moreover, the cell-to-cell interactions between HSCs and various types of immune cells are closely associated with the pathogenesis of liver fibrosis. Especially, the liver is known to play a key role in innate immune defenses against pathogens. Indeed, various innate immune cells such as Kupffer cells, macrophages/monocytes, neutrophils, and dendritic cells play an important role in accelerating or ameliorating liver fibrosis directly or indirectly via interactions with HSCs. Moreover, unlike other organs, innate lymphocytes such as natural killer (NK), NKT, and γδ T cell are abundant in the liver comprising up to 50% of whole liver lymphocytes. Although still controversial in their roles (i.e. profibrotic vs. antifibrotic), these innate lymphocytes are also deeply involved in the pathogenesis of liver fibrosis. Especially, NK cells seem to play a negative regulatory role in liver fibrosis via inhibiting or suppressing activated HSCs. In addition, increasing evidences have suggested that adaptive immune cells are no longer a ‘bystander’, but contribute considerably to liver fibrosis. In this review, we summarize the updated concept of pathophysiology of liver fibrosis and liver immunity.
Won-Ki Kim,Min-Soo Kim,Eui-Mook Lee,Jae-Won Cha,Bo-Young Choi,Bong-Chul Kim,Seung-Ki Min,Jun Lee 대한구강악안면외과학회 2012 대한구강악안면외과학회지 Vol.38 No.3
Calcifying epithelial odontogenic tumor (CEOT) is a rarely reported benign tumor, accounting for 0.4-3% of all odontogenic tumors. Approximately 150 cases have been reported in the literature between 1958 and 2003. The age range of CEOT varies from 8 to 92 years with mean of 36.9 years, and the occurrence of the lesion in both genders is almost equal. It has 2 clinico-topographic variants: the intraosseous (94%) and the extraosseous (6%) type. The intraosseous type has a predilection for mandible (maxilla : mandible ratio of 1 : 2). The intraosseous CEOT commonly associated with non-erupted teeth accounts for more than half (52%) of the cases and usually appears as painless swelling that causes bony expansion. The location of diffused round-shaped calcifying material is inside the connective tissue stroma and epithelial islands. The tumors tend to be located toward the tooth crown, which usually has a unilocular radiolucent region containing variant radiopaque materials radiologically. In this paper, we report a case of CEOT occurring in the left mandibular first premolar of a 23-year-old female and present a brief review of the literature.
( Won-mook Choi ),( Jonggi Choi ),( Danbi Lee ),( Ju Hyun Shim ),( Kang Mo Kim ),( Young-suk Lim ),( Han Chu Lee ),( Changhoon Yoo ),( Sook Ryun Park ),( Min-hee Ryu ),( Baek-yeol Ryoo ) 대한간학회 2020 춘·추계 학술대회 (KASL) Vol.2020 No.1
Aims: Nivolumab showed durable response and safety in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in the previous trials. However, real-world data of nivolumab in HCC patients, especially those with Child-Pugh class B, is lacking. We aimed to investigate the efficacy and safety of nivolumab in a real- world cohort of patients with advanced HCC. Methods: This study retrospectively evaluated 203 patients with HCC who were treated with nivolumab between July 2017 to February 2019. Radiologic evaluation was based on mRECIST. Survival outcomes were estimated by Kaplan-Meier method and Cox proportional hazard model. Logistic regression model was used to identify the predictive factors of treatment response. Results: Of 203 patients, 132 patients were within Child-Pugh class A and 71 patients were within Child-Pugh class B. Objective response rate was lower in patients with Child-Pugh class B than A (2.8% vs. 15.9%; P=0.010 by unweighted analysis and P=0.034 by weighted analysis) and Child-Pugh class was an independent predictor for objective response (Odds ratio, 0.21; 95% confidence interval; 0.05-0.93; P=0.040). Median overall survival was shorter in Child-Pugh B patients (11.3 vs. 42.9 weeks; P<0.001 by both unweighted and weighted analyses). However, other efficacy outcomes including disease control rate, time to progression, and progression-free survival were comparable between Child-Pugh A and B patients by unadjusted, adjusted, matched, and weighted analyses. There was no significant difference in terms of safety between Child-Pugh A and B patients. Conclusions: Given the limited treatment options for advanced HCC in Child-Pugh B patients, nivolumab may be a viable option despite lower response in these patients. Further studies are needed in this patient population.
Fully Rollable Transparent Nanogenerators Based on Graphene Electrodes
Choi, Dukhyun,Choi, Min-Yeol,Choi, Won Mook,Shin, Hyeon-Jin,Park, Hyun-Kyu,Seo, Ju-Seok,Park, Jongbong,Yoon, Seon-Mi,Chae, Seung Jin,Lee, Young Hee,Kim, Sang-Woo,Choi, Jae-Young,Lee, Sang Yoon,Kim, Jo WILEY-VCH Verlag 2010 Advanced Materials Vol.22 No.19
<B>Graphic Abstract</B> <P>Fully rollable transparent nanogenerators have been developed using chemical vapor deposition-grown large-scale graphene sheets as transparent electrodes and piezoelectric ZnO-nanorod arrays. The electrical and structural stability of the nanogenerators with excellent charge scavenging performance under external mechanical loads such as bending and rolling shows that graphene-based nanogenerators are suitable for self-powered rollable transparent device applications. <img src='wiley_img_2010/09359648-2010-22-19-ADMA200903815-content.gif' alt='wiley_img_2010/09359648-2010-22-19-ADMA200903815-content'> </P>
Choi, Eue-Keun,Kim, Hyo-Soo,Park, Kyung-Woo,Kim, Hyung-Kwan,Cho, Joung-Won,Lee, Myoung-Mook,Park, Young-Bae,Choi, Yun-Shik Japanese Circulation Society. 2005 CIRCULATION JOURNAL Vol.69 No.7
<P><B>Background</B> There is a paucity of information regarding the impact of the coronary collaterals on prognosis in type 2 diabetic (T2DM) patients. We developed a novel index, which considers not only the degree of collateral circulation but also the stimulus of collateral development, and investigated its prognostic value in T2DM patients with coronary artery disease (CAD). <B>Methods and Results</B> One hundred and ninety four consecutive T2DM patients were analyzed and followed for an average of 30 months. We measured the diameter stenosis (DS; %), corrected TIMI frame count (CTFC) and Rentrop score at 3 major epicardial coronary arteries. The collateral development (CD) score was calculated by: (Σ Rentrop score +1)/Σ [DS (%) × CTFC] ×1,000. During the follow-up, acute cardiovascular events occurred in 49 patients. By multivariate analysis, the CD score was an independent predictor of adverse events not only in the total population (p<0.001), but in all 3 subgroups (p=0.020 for coronary artery bypass grafting, p=0.030 for percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA) and p=0.003 for the medical group). Furthermore, patients in the tertile with the highest CD score showed improved survival by Kaplan-Meier analysis in the total population, the PTCA and the medical group. <B>Conclusions</B> The CD score, a novel index of collateral development, may be a useful predictor of clinical outcome in T2DM patients with CAD. (<I>Circ J</I> 2005; <B>69:</B> 786 - 792)</P>
Experimental Applications of in situ Liver Perfusion Machinery for the Study of Liver Disease
Choi, Won-Mook,Eun, Hyuk Soo,Lee, Young-Sun,Kim, Sun Jun,Kim, Myung-Ho,Lee, Jun-Hee,Shim, Young-Ri,Kim, Hee-Hoon,Kim, Ye Eun,Yi, Hyon-Seung,Jeong, Won-Il Korean Society for Molecular and Cellular Biology 2019 Molecules and cells Vol.42 No.1
The liver is involved in a wide range of activities in vertebrates and some other animals, including metabolism, protein synthesis, detoxification, and the immune system. Until now, various methods have been devised to study liver diseases; however, each method has its own limitations. In situ liver perfusion machinery, originally developed in rats, has been successfully adapted to mice, enabling the study of liver diseases. Here we describe the protocol, which is a simple but widely applicable method for investigating the liver diseases. The liver is perfused in situ by cannulation of the portal vein and suprahepatic inferior vena cava (IVC), with antegrade closed circuit circulation completed by clamping the infrahepatic IVC. In situ liver perfusion can be utilized to evaluate immune cell migration and function, hemodynamics and related cellular reactions in each type of hepatic cells, and the metabolism of toxic or other compounds by changing the composition of the circulating media. In situ liver perfusion method maintains liver function and cell viability for up to 2 h. This study also describes an optional protocol using density-gradient centrifugation for the separation of different types of hepatic cells, allowing the determination of changes in each cell type. In summary, this method of in situ liver perfusion will be useful for studying liver diseases as a complement to other established methods.