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최근준,왕창근 忠南大學校 環境問題硏究所 1999 環境硏究 Vol.17 No.-
Phosphorus in natural water and wastewater exists in supersaturated state due to low solubility, and it is difficult to form crystals and precipitates because precipitation rate in steps of nucleation, crystal growth, agglomeration and ripening is slow. Precipitation rate can be increased by seeding the crystals which has components and structure similar to the precipitates. This study is based on the precipitation mechanism and was performed to see phosphorus removal efficiency of various clamshells serving as surface precipitation media. The results obtained from this study are following ; From XRD analysis for various clamshells, major component of clamshell used as phosphorus removal material is found to be CaCO₃/aragonite. The batch tests with the clamshells showed excellent phosphorus removal efficiency up on 99% depending on the experimental condition. Phosphorus removal efficiency was dependent on temperature, detention time, pH and shell particle size, and appeared relatively high removal efficiency at high temperature, long detention time, low pH and small shell particle size. Phosphorus removal technology using clamshells has many advantages of reusing solid wastes, not producing sludge as well as not adding chemicals.
Choi, Dukhyun,Lee, Keun Young,Jin, Mi-Jin,Ihn, Soo-Ghang,Yun, Sungyoung,Bulliard, Xavier,Choi, Woong,Lee, Sang Yoon,Kim, Sang-Woo,Choi, Jae-Young,Kim, Jong Min,Wang, Zhong Lin Royal Society of Chemistry 2011 ENERGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE Vol.4 No.11
<P>In this paper, we present a simple, low-cost and flexible hybrid cell that converts individually or simultaneously low-frequency mechanical energy and photon energy into electricity using piezoelectric zinc oxide (ZnO) in conjunction with organic solar cell design. Since the hybrid cell is designed by coupled piezoelectric and photoconductive properties of ZnO, this is a naturally hybrid architecture without crosstalk and an additional assembling process to create multi-type energy scavengers, thus differing from a simple integration of two different energy generators. It is demonstrated that the behavior of a piezoelectric output is controlled from alternating current (AC) type to direct current (DC)-like type by tailoring mechanical straining processes both in the dark and under light illumination. Based on such controllability of output modes, it is shown that the performance of the hybrid cell is synergistically enhanced by integrating the contribution made by a piezoelectric generator with a solar cell under a normal indoor level of illumination. Our approach clearly demonstrates the potential of the hybrid approach for scavenging multi-type energies whenever and wherever they are available. Furthermore, this work establishes the methodology to harvest solar energy and low-frequency mechanical energies such as body movements, making it possible to produce a promising multi-functional power generator that could be embedded in flexible architectures.</P> <P>Graphic Abstract</P><P>Naturally hybrid flexible energy generator that converts individually or simultaneously low-frequency mechanical energies and photon energy into electricity was developed. <IMG SRC='http://pubs.rsc.org/services/images/RSCpubs.ePlatform.Service.FreeContent.ImageService.svc/ImageService/image/GA?id=c1ee02080c'> </P>
Choi, Kyong-Hoon,Lee, Hye-Jin,Park, Bong Joo,Wang, Kang-Kyun,Shin, Eon Pil,Park, Jong-Chul,Kim, Young Keun,Oh, Min-Kyu,Kim, Yong-Rok The Royal Society of Chemistry 2012 Chemical communications Vol.48 No.38
<P>Novel multifunctional magnetic particles (MMPs) conjugated with photosensitizer and vancomycin were fabricated by surface modification of Fe<SUB>3</SUB>O<SUB>4</SUB> particles. The capacities to target, capture and inactivate pathogenic bacteria and good biocompatibility suggest that the MMPs have great potentials as photodynamic inactivation agents for serious bacterial contamination.</P> <P>Graphic Abstract</P><P>Fabricated multifunctional magnetic particles provide effective killing of various bacteria through the photodynamic inactivation pathway. <IMG SRC='http://pubs.rsc.org/services/images/RSCpubs.ePlatform.Service.FreeContent.ImageService.svc/ImageService/image/GA?id=c2cc17766h'> </P>
왕성근,이정규,이충숙,최하석,유남재,정인형,이선우 충남대학교 의과대학 지역사회의학연구소 1992 충남의대잡지 Vol.19 No.2
To identify the effects of partial sleep deprivation on the sleep structure, the authors performed polysomnographic study for 9 healthy young adults. The subjects were college students, ranging in age from 20 to 25 years, without personal past or present histories of medical, neurological, or psychiatric illness and suffering from current sleep disturbance or parasomomnias. Sleep records were analyzed according to the criteria of Rechtschaffen and Kales' manual and tried paired t-test. The results were summarized as follows. 1. As for sleep parameters, total sleep time(TST), REM latency and REM duration were not changed significantly during deprivation period and recovery period compared with baseline. Sleep efficiency increased significantly during deprivation period and recovery period compaired with baseline, and sleep latency and WASO were shortened significantly during deprivation period and recovery period compared with baseline. 2. As for sleep structure, 1) The absolute value(minutes) of stage 1 decreased significantly during deprivation period and first recovery night compared with baseline, and the relative value(percentage) of stage 1 decreased significantly during deprivation period and recovery period compared with baseline. 2) The absolute value(minutes) of stage 2 decreased significantly during deprivation period compared with baseline, and the relative value(percentage) of stage 2 decreased significantly during deprivation period and first recovery night compared with baseline. 3) The absolute value(minutes) of slow wave sleep were not changed significantly during deprivation period and recovery period compared with baseline, and the relative value(percentage) of slow wave sleep increased significantly during recovery period compared with baseline. 4) The absolute value(minutes) of REM sleep decreased significantly during deprivation period compared with baseline, and the relative value(percentage) of REM sleep decreased significantly in the first deprivation night but, were not changed significantly during recovery period compared with baseline.