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An Approximate Euclidean Distance Calculation for Fast VQ Encoding
Baek, Seong-Joon,Kim, Jinyoung,Kang, Sangki 한국음성과학회 2004 음성과학 Vol.11 No.2
In this paper, we present a fast encoding algorithm for vector quantization with an approximate Euclidean distance calculation. An approximation is performed by converting floating point to the near integer. An inequality between the approximate Euclidean distance and the nearest distance is developed to avoid unnecessary distance calculations. Since the proposed algorithm rejects those codewords that are impossible to be the nearest codeword, it produces the same output as conventional full search algorithm.
A Study on the Measurement of e-Government Application Index
Sangki Jin(진상기),Dongeun Gam(감동은),Sang-Baek Chris Kang(강상백) 한국지역정보화학회 2016 한국지역정보화학회지 Vol.19 No.2
현재의 전자정부 활용의 측정방법의 대부분은 전자정부 사용자보다는 서비스 제공자의 관점에서 추진되어 왔다. 전자정부의 최근 패러다임은 전자정부 사용자 관점에 부합할 수 있는 새로운 방법을 요구하고 있다. 정책 마케팅의 관점에서, 전자정부 서비스는 정책 제품(서비스)로 분류될 수 있으며, 전자정부 사용자의 만족도는 제품 (서비스)의 재사용을 위한 핵심요인이 될 수 있다. 이러한 정책 마케팅 접근 방법에 기초하여, 본 연구는 전자정부 활용지수의 측정방법에 대한 새로운 평가방법을 제안하였다. 즉, 고객만족지수 및 정보시스템 (IS) 성공요인 모델의 문헌을 고찰하여, 이를 기초로 체계적 전자정부 서비스 활용의 요소를 도출하였는데, 이는 전자정부 활용평가 → 만족 → 인식 → 사용의 순환구조가 될 것으로 분석된다. 이러한 사용 및 평가방법에 기초하여, 본 연구에서 제안하는 새로운 전자정부 애플리케이션 평가모델은 전자정부 서비스의 실제 활용을 식별하기 위한 가중선형모델인데, 각 요소의 가중치는 학계, 연구 기관, 정부에서 전자정부 서비스 관련 23명 전문가의 파일럿 전문가 설문 조사를 실행한 결과로 제시되었다. Many of current e-government application measurement methods are based on the prior e-government model which was more focused on the perspective of e-government service suppliers rather than that of e-government users. The recent paradigm of e-government has been changing more toward user basis from supplier perspective, which calls for a new methodology that can be aligned with e-government user perspective. As a policy-marketing perspective, e-government service can be defined as a policy product(service) and that the satisfaction level of e-government users can be the core assets for reusing the product(service). Based on these policy-marketing approaches, the current study suggested a new application evaluation methodology for an e-government application index and measurement methodology. Furthermore, the current study has done an extensive literature review of customer satisfaction indexes and Information System (IS) success factor models as well. Based on these premises, the current study systematically extracts the factors for e-government service application as follows: With the influence of exogenous factors, e-government application usage mechanism is found to be the cycles of Awareness→Usage→Satisfaction→Evaluation. Based on this usage and evaluation mechanism, a new e-government application evaluation model is suggested by a weighted linear model for identifying actual application usage level of e-government services. Furthermore, the current study executed a pilot expert survey of 23 experts of e-government services from academia, research institutes, government officials, etc. to capture weights of each elements. The current study recommends a new e-government application index by “(Awareness *W1)+(Usage*W2)+(Satisfaction*W3)/3.” The limitations of the current study and avenues of future research along with implications for practitioners in this domain are suggested, wherein.
( Sunju Lee ),( Sangsu Park ),( Minh Tan Nguyen ),( Eunyoung Lee ),( Julee Kim ),( Sangki Baek ),( Chong Jai Kim ),( Yeon Jin Jang ),( Han Choe ) 생화학분자생물학회(구 한국생화학분자생물학회) 2019 BMB Reports Vol.52 No.8
Conventionally, immunotoxins have been produced as a single polypeptide from fused genes of an antibody fragment and a toxin. In this study, we adopted a unique approach of chemical conjugation of a toxin protein and an antibody fragment. The two genes were separately expressed in Escherichia coli and purified to high levels of purity. The two purified proteins were conjugated using a chemical linker. The advantage of this approach is its ability to overcome the problem of low recombinant immunotoxin production observed in some immunotoxins. Another advantage is that various combinations of immunotoxins can be prepared with fewer efforts, because the chemical conjugation of components is relatively simpler than the processes involved in cloning, expression, and purification of multiple immunotoxins. As a proof of concept, the scFv of trastuzumab and the PE24 fragment of Pseudomonas exotoxin A were separately produced using E. coli and then chemically crosslinked. The new immunotoxin was tested on four breast cancer cell lines variably expressing HER2. The chemically crosslinked immunotoxin exhibited cytotoxicity in proportion to the expression level of HER2. In conclusion, the present study revealed an alternative method of generating an immunotoxin that could effectively reduce the viability of HER2-expressing breast cancer cells. These results suggest the effectiveness of this method of immunotoxin crosslinking as a suitable alternative for producing immunotoxins. [BMB Reports 2019; 52(8): 496-501]