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김연미,유세라 弘益大學校 科學技術硏究所 1998 科學技術硏究論文集 Vol.9 No.1
In this paper, we try to approach chaos with numerical method. After investigating nonlinear dynamics (chaos) theory, we introduce Lyapunov expontent as chaos's index. To lood into the existence of chaos in a 2-dimensional difference equation, we compute Lyapunov exponent and examine various behaviors of solutions by bifurcation map.
김연미,유세라 弘益大學校 科學技術硏究所 1997 科學技術硏究論文集 Vol.8 No.-
In this paper, we invesitigate the chaotic behavior which occurs if we use Euler's method to approach to the solution of nonlinear differential equation. We consider the several sufficient conditions for the existence of the chaos in finite difference scheme. The result can be applied to 2-dimensional difference equations and euler's difference schemes.
Kim, Moon Young,Suk, Ki Tae,Baik, Soon Koo,Kim, Hyoun A.,Kim, Young Ju,Cha, Seung Hwan,Kwak, Hwa Ryun,Cho, Mee Yon,Park, Hong Jun,Jeon, Hyo Keun,Park, So Yeon,Kim, Bo Ra,Hong, Jin Heon,Jo, Ki Won,Kim, Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company 2012 Hepatology Vol.56 No.3
<P><B>Abstract</B></P><P>The measurement of the hepatic venous pressure gradient (HVPG) for the estimation of portal hypertension (PH) in cirrhosis has some limitations, including its invasiveness. Hepatic vein arrival time (HVAT), as assessed by microbubble contrast‐enhanced ultrasonography (CEUS), is negatively correlated with the histological grade of liver fibrosis because of the associated hemodynamic abnormalities. Anatomical and pathophysiological changes in liver microcirculation are the initial events leading to PH. However, the direct relationship between HVAT and PH has not been evaluated. The present study measured both HVPG and HVAT in 71 consecutive patients with compensated cirrhosis and analyzed the relationship between the two parameters (i.e., the derivation set). Results were validated in 35 compensated patients with cirrhosis at another medical center (i.e., the validation set). The derivation set had HVPG and HVAT values of 11.4 ± 5.0 mmHg (mean ± standard deviation; range, 2‐23) and 14.1 ± 3.4 seconds (range, 8.4‐24.2), respectively; there was a statistically significant negative correlation between HVPG and HVAT (r<SUP>2</SUP> = 0.545; <I>P</I> < 0.001). The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC) was 0.973 for clinically significant PH (CSPH; HVPG, ≥10 mmHg), and the sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, and positive and negative likelihood ratios for CSPH for an HVAT cut‐off value of 14 seconds were 92.7%, 86.7%, 90.5%, 89.7%, 6.95, and 0.08, respectively. In addition, a shorter HVAT was associated with worse Child‐Pugh score (<I>P</I> < 0.001) and esophageal varices (<I>P</I> = 0.018). In the validation set, there was also a significant negative correlation between HVAT and HVPG (r<SUP>2</SUP> = 0.538; <I>P</I> < 0.001), and AUROC = 0.953 for CSPH. HVAT was significantly correlated with PH. These results indicate that measuring HVAT is useful for the noninvasive prediction of CSPH in patients with compensated cirrhosis. (H<SMALL>EPATOLOGY</SMALL> 2012;56:1053–1062)</P>
Recent trends of Multiple birth rates in Korea and fetal/neonatal/infant mortalities
( Ra Yon Kim ),( Hyun Sun Ko ),( Jeong Ha Wie ),( Sae Kyung Choi ),( In Yang Park ),( Jong Chul Shin ) 대한산부인과학회 2018 대한산부인과학회 학술대회 Vol.104 No.-
Objective: This study was conducted to analyze recent trends of multiple birth rates (MBR) and fetal/neonatal/infant mortalities according to the number of gestations in Korea Methods: Data from 2009 to 2015 of live births, infant deaths and stillbirths were obtained from the Korean Vital Statistics. Neonatal mortality rate (NMR), infant mortality rate (IMR), and fetal mortality rate (FMR) in singleton, twin and triplet pregnancies were analyzed. Results: From 2009 to 2015, twin and triplet birth rates increased 34.5% and 154.3%, respectively. In twin births, NMR and FMR have been decreased significantly (from 10.92 to 8.62, p=0.034 and from 41.00 to 30.55, p< 0.001, respectively), but IMR did not show significant decrease. There was no significant change of NMR, IMR, and FMR, in triplet births. In singleton, twin, and triplet births, NMR was 1.26 ± 0.09, 10.6 ± 1.12, and 34.32 ± 11.72, respectively, and IMR was 2.38 ± 0.26, 14.52 ± 1.38, and 41.13 ± 12.2, respectively. FMRs were 12 ± 1.73, 35.99 ± 3.55, and 88.85 ± 16.55, respectively. The odds ratios of NMRs and IMRs in 2015 were approximately 9-fold and 6-fold higher, respectively, in twin births, and approximately 37-fold and 20-fold higher, respectively, in triplet births, than those in singleton births. There were no significant differences in odds ratios of NMRs and IMRs at GP 32-36 among single, twin, and triplet births, although the odds ratio of FMR at GP 32-36 in triplet gestation was significantly higher than those in singleton and twin gestation. Conclusion: Neonatal/infant mortality in multiple births is still significantly high, which is mainly related with preterm birth. Close fetal monitoring is needed to prevent fetal death in triplet pregnancies, after 32 gestational weeks.
( Na Ra Shim ),( Eun Jin Bae ),( Ji In Park ),( Sun Hwa Lee ),( Ha Jeong Lee ),( Dong Ki Kim ),( Yong Lim Kim ),( Shin Wook Kang ),( Chul Woo Yang ),( Yon Su Kim ) 대한내과학회 2014 대한내과학회 추계학술대회 Vol.2014 No.1
Background: Malnutrition is a common and crucial problem because it is associated with higher mortality in chronic dialysis patients. Subjective global assessment (SGA) has been proven as a clinically adequate method for assessing nutritional status in dialysis patients. We explored the relationships between initial and transitions of SGA and all-cause mortality. Methods: A nation-wide prospective observational cohort study included adult chronic dialysis patients. We selected patients who had baseline and 12 month follow-up SGA. SGA-7 score was categorized as well-nourished (SGA 6~7) and malnourished (SGA 1~5) groups. The changes of SGA were categorized by 4 groups (well-maintained, poorly-maintained, improving, and worsening group). Results: A total of 2,600 patients were selected and mean age was 55.7±14 years old and 57.2% of patients were male. The mean follow-up period was 28.5 months. During the follow-up period, 202 patients (7.8%) were died. The mortality rate in malnourished patients was higher in both incident (5.2% vs. 13%, p<0.001) and prevalent patients (6.3% vs. 20.4%, p<0.001). The survival rate was signifi cantly higher in well-nourished patients in 12 month follow-up (p<0.001). Moreover, in terms of SGA transition, improving and well-maintained groups had better survival rate than worsening group and poor-maintained group. These fi ndings were reproducible even afteradjustment of age, gender, smoking, BMI, comorbidity, serum albumin, cholesterol and hs-CRP (HR 2.913, 95% CI, 1.856-4.573, p<0.001). Conclusions: Malnutrition assessed by SGA was an independent predictor for allcause mortality. Furthermore, the transition of SGA was also correlated with mortality in chronic dialysis patients.
Se-Ra Lee,Jung-Min Yon,Mi-Ra Kim,Yan-Jin,In-Jeoung Baek,Yun-Bae Kim,Byeongwoo Ahn,Beom-Jun Lee,Sang-Yoon Nam,Young Won Yun 한국실험동물학회 2007 Laboratory Animal Research Vol.23 No.1
To understand the antioxidative effect of licorice on the female reproductive system, we analyzed the mRNA expression patterns of glutathione peroxidase (GPx) family (type 1-4) in the ovary and uterus of rats exposed to licorice. Licorice, the root of the leguminous Glycyrrhiza, is one of the most frequently employed botanicals in foods and traditional medicines, which is known to have antioxidant, anti-tumor, anti-allergic and antiviral activities, in addition to estrogenic properties. However, there is no report on the effects of licorice in the reproductive organs. Licorice extracts (0, 0.5, 1, and 2 g/㎏ body weight) were treated to 8-week-old female rats for 4 weeks daily per oral. Total RNAs were extracted from ovary and uterus and then RT-PCR analysis was performed with the specific primers of each GPx enzyme. In ovaries, GPx1, GPx3, and GPx4 mRNA levels were slightly decreased compared with those of control group. Especially, GPx3 mRNA expression was decreased dose-dependantly in ovaries. However, GPx2 mRNA was weakly increased in ovary. On the contrary, the gene expression of GPx1-3 in uteri tended to increase slightly compared to control group. GPx4 mRNA expression was decreased by 0.5 g/㎏ of licorice in uterus, but increased by treatment with 1 and 2 g/㎏ of licorice. These findings indicate that licorice maybe differently influenced on the antioxidant systems of ovary and uterus.
Mi-Ra Kim,Jung-Min Yon,Se-Ra Lee,In-Jeoung Baek,Yun-Bae Kim,Beom-Jun Lee,Young Won Yun,Sang-Yoon Nam 한국실험동물학회 2008 Laboratory Animal Research Vol.24 No.2
Ginseng is one of the most common herbal medicines in the Orient which has been used for the treatment of disease due to its wide spectrum of medicinal effects, such as tonic, immunomodulatory, antioxidant, and anti-aging activities. However, there are only a few reports on the effects of Korean ginseng on the reproductive organs in animals and humans. To understand the antioxidative effect of Korean ginseng on the male reproductive system, we analyzed the mRNA expression patterns of glutathione peroxidase (GPx) family [cytosolic (GPx1), gastrointestinal (GPx2), and phospholipid hydroperoxide (GPx4) types] in the testes, epididymes, prostates, and seminal vesicles of mice exposed to Korean ginseng. Korean ginseng extracts (20, 200, and 2,000 mg/kg body weight) were treated to 7-weekold male mice for 9 weeks daily per oral. Total RNAs were extracted from testis, epididymis, prostates, and seminal vesicles, and then RT-PCR was performed with the specific primers of each GPx genes. In testis, all type of GPx mRNA expression was similar to that of control group. However, the gene expression of GPx2 was decreased in the epididymis exposed to 2,000 ㎎/㎏ of Korean ginseng, but it was no significant difference. The gene expression of GPx1 in prostates was tend to decrease slightly compare to control group, but those of GPx2 and GPx4 were weakly increased by Korean ginseng treatments. On the contrary, the gene expressions of GPx2 and GPx4 in seminal vesicles were decreased slightly compare to control group. These findings suggest that Korean ginseng may influence the antioxidant system of male reproductive organs in a differential manner.
Mi-Ra Kim,Jung-Min Yon,Se-Ra Lee,In-Jeoung Baek,Yun-Bae Kim,Beom-Jun Lee,Sang-Yoon Nam,Young Won Yun 한국실험동물학회 2008 Laboratory Animal Research Vol.24 No.2
Ginseng has been extensively used around the world for several thousand years as a food or a drug. Constituents in ginseng are known to have several activities such as antioxidant, anti-tumor, anti-stress, and anti-fatigue activities. In this study, we investigated the effects of Korean ginseng on the antioxidant system of female reproductive organs in mice. We analyzed the mRNA expression patterns of glutathione peroxidase (GPx) family in the reproductive organs of mice exposed to Korean ginseng. Korean ginseng extracts (0, 20, 200, and 2,000 ㎎/㎏ body weight) were treated daily by gavage to 8-week-old female mice for 5 weeks. Total RNAs were extracted from ovary and uterus, and then RT-PCR analysis was performed with the specific primers of each GPx genes. The cytosolic GPx mRNA expression was similar to control group in ovaries, but it was slightly increased in the uterus at all the doses of Korean ginseng. Gastrointestinal GPx mRNA was not changed in ovary, but was slightly affected in uterus. On the contrary, The phospholipid hydroperoxide GPx mRNA was weakly increased in ovary and uterus, but it was not significant difference. These findings suggest that Korean ginseng induces the slight increase on the expression of GPx genes in uterus rather than ovary, although the values didn't show a significant difference.