The Corporate Citizenship Challenge

( Katherine Smith ) 포스코경영연구원 2019 Asian Steel Watch Vol.7 No.-

좋은 기업시민이 되는 길 - 기업시민 도전과제

캐서린스미스 ( Katherine Smith ) 포스코경영연구원 2019 POSRI 이슈리포트 Vol.2019 No.10

○ 기업시민정신(Corporate citizenship)이란 이윤을 창출하면서도 보다 윤리적이고, 탄력적이며, 지속가능한 기업을 만드는 것을 의미함 - 현대 사회에 있어서 기업시민은 기업이 전 세계에 걸쳐 경제적, 사회적, 환경적 측면에서 어떻게 권리를 행사하고 책임을 지는가를 의미 - 다수의 실증연구에 따르면 기업의 사회적 성과 (Corporate Social Performance)와 재무적 성과(Corporate Financial Performance)는 양의 상관관계가 있음 ○ 기업시민은 비즈니스의 모든 영역과 연관이 높으며 정보의 자유화, 소셜 커뮤니케이션의 확대 등으로 기업시민정신과 활동의 중요성이 증대되고 있음 - 글로벌 기업들은 지역사회, 직원, 고객, 주주 등 다양한 이해관계자가 비즈니스에 미치는 영향을 인지하고 능동적이고 선제적으로 대응하고 있음 ○ 기업시민 프로그램이 성공하기 위해서는 기업의 비즈니스 전략을 지원하고 상호 연계되는 방향으로 전개되어야 함 - 기업의 우선순위, 성장전략, 사업장의 위치, 전문성, 환경적 영향, 천연자원의 제약, 인력, 지역사회 니즈 등에 대한 통합적인 접근 필요 - 이러한 접근은 브랜드 강화, 고객 및 직원의 참여 확대, 비즈니스에 부정적인 영향을 미칠 수 있는 환경·사회적 문제 해결, 기업 평판 향상, 기업시민 활동에 대한 신뢰감 형성 등에 도움을 줌 ○ 기업시민 프로그램은 기업이 가진 핵심 역량, 지향 가치, 제한된 자원 뿐 만 아니라 각기 다른 이슈와 우선순위를 가진 이해관계자들로 인해 차별화됨 - 차별화된 기업시민 프로그램을 추진하기 위해서는 이해관계자 내 계층 및 관계를 잘 이해하고 이해관계자를 기준점으로 이슈들을 파악할 필요가 있음 - 차별화가 어렵다면 동종업계의 기업들과 함께 자발적 표준, 행동강령 등을 수립하여 문제를 해결하는 것이 바람직함 - 사업 수행 및 공급사 관리, 내외부 이해관계자 소통에 있어 무엇이 윤리적이고 책임있는 것인지를 규정해 놓은 행동강령을 참고할 필요가 있음 ○ 기업의 전략적인 기업시민 프로그램은 사회에 가치를 더할 뿐 만 아니라 기업의 운영에도 도움을 줄 수 있음 (1) 직원들이 자선 혹은 봉사 프로그램에 참여하는 동기는 다양하므로 다양한 프로그램 제공을 통해 선택의 폭을 넓혀야 함 (2) 기업시민 프로그램은 직원이 회사를 이해하고 충성심을 높이는데 도움을 줌. 다양한 프로그램 정보를 제공하는 플랫폼을 활용, 직원 참여를 독려해야 함 (3) 기업시민 프로그램을 수행하기로 결정되었다면 이러한 전략이 진화하고 개선된 성과를 낼 수 있도록 관리 및 보고 체계를 구축해야 함

The SSP4: A world of deepening inequality

Calvin, Katherine,Bond-Lamberty, Ben,Clarke, Leon,Edmonds, James,Eom, Jiyong,Hartin, Corinne,Kim, Sonny,Kyle, Page,Link, Robert,Moss, Richard,McJeon, Haewon,Patel, Pralit,Smith, Steve,Waldhoff, Stepha Elsevier 2017 Global environmental change Vol.42 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>Five new scenarios, or Shared Socioeconomic Pathways (SSPs), have been developed, spanning a range of challenges to mitigation and challenges to adaptation. The Shared Socioeconomic Pathway 4 (SSP4), “Inequality” or “A Road Divided,” is one of these scenarios, characterized by low challenges to mitigation and high challenges to adaptation. We describe, in quantitative terms, the SSP4 as implemented by the Global Change Assessment Model (GCAM), the marker model for this scenario. We use demographic and economic assumptions, in combination with technology and non-climate policy assumptions to develop a quantitative representation of energy, land-use and land-cover, and emissions consistent with the SSP4 narrative. The scenario is one with stark differences within and across regions. High-income regions prosper, continuing to increase their demand for energy and food. Electrification increases in these regions, with the increased generation being met by nuclear and renewables. Low-income regions, however, stagnate due to limited economic growth. Growth in total consumption is dominated by increases in population, not increases in per capita consumption. Due to failures in energy access policies, these regions continue to depend on traditional biofuels, leading to high pollutant emissions. Declining dependence on fossil fuels in all regions means that total radiative forcing absent the inclusion of mitigation or impacts only reaches 6.4Wm<SUP>−2</SUP> in 2100, making this a world with relatively low challenges to mitigation. We explore the effects of mitigation effort on the SSP4 world, finding that the imposition of a carbon price has a varied effect across regions. In particular, the SSP4 mitigation scenarios are characterized by afforestation in the high-income regions and deforestation in the low-income regions. Furthermore, we find that the SSP4 is a world with low challenges to mitigation, but only to a point due to incomplete mitigation of land-related emissions.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> Describes the quantification of the SSP4 storyline by the Global Change Assessment Model (GCAM), the marker model for the SSP4. </LI> <LI> Examines the implications of the SSP4 world on energy, land, emissions, and climate, with and without efforts to mitigate. </LI> <LI> Compares the GCAM SSP4 to other scenarios. </LI> </UL> </P>

Public attitudes toward cancer and cancer patients: a national survey in Korea

Cho, Juhee,Smith, Katherine,Choi, Eun‐,Kyung,Kim, Im‐,Ryung,Chang, Yoon‐,Jung,Park, Hyun‐,Young,Guallar, Eliseo,Shim, Young Mog John Wiley Sons, Ltd 2013 PSYCHOONCOLOGY Vol.22 No.3

<P><B>Abstract</B></P><P><B>Background</B></P><P>Regardless of improved survival rate, negative images and myths about cancer still abound. Cancer stigma may reduce patients' life opportunities resulting in social isolation, decreased level of emotional well‐being, and poor health outcomes. This study was aimed to evaluate public attitudes toward cancer and cancer patients and people's willingness to disclose cancer diagnosis in South Korea.</P><P><B>Methods</B></P><P>A cross‐sectional survey was conducted in August and September 2009. A nationally representative sample of 1011 men and women with no history of cancer was recruited. A set of 12 questions grouped into three domains (impossibility of recovery, cancer stereotypes, and discrimination) was used to assess public attitudes toward cancer.</P><P><B>Results</B></P><P>It was found 58.5% of study participants agreed that it is impossible to treat cancer regardless of highly developed medical science, 71.8% agreed that cancer patients would not be able to make contributions to society, and 23.5% agreed that they would avoid working with persons who have cancer. The proportions of people who said that that they would not disclose a cancer diagnosis to family, friends or neighbors, or coworkers were 30.2%, 47.0%, and 50.7%, respectively. Negative attitudes toward cancer were strongly associated with lower willingness to disclose a cancer diagnosis.</P><P><B>Conclusions</B></P><P>Negative attitudes, stereotypes, and discriminating attitudes toward cancer and people affected by the disease were very common in spite of clinical progress and improved survivorship.</P><P><B>Impact</B></P><P>Our findings emphasize the need for health policy and social changes to provide a more supportive environment for cancer survivors. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.</P>

Potential of the Internet to Meet the Needs of Women with Breast Cancer

Juhee Cho,Katherine Smith 한국유방암학회 2009 Journal of breast cancer Vol.12 No.1

Infertility in Pediatric Cancer Survivors: A Necessary Evil or a Potentially Avoidable Sequel?

Torres-Roman, Smith Junior,Conislla-Espinoza, Ismael,Gutierrez-Flores, Katherin Estefany,Bazalar-Palacios, Janina,Paredes-Perez, Napoleon Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2016 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.17 No.10

Ileal Pouch-Anal Anastomosis for Ulcerative Colitis: An Australian Institution’s Experience

Ming Han Lim,Anton R. Lord,Lisa A. Simms,Katherine Hanigan,Aleksandra Edmundson,Matthew J.F.X. Rickard,Russell Stitz,David A. Clark,Graham L. Radford-Smith 대한대장항문학회 2021 Annals of Coloproctolgy Vol.37 No.5

Purpose: We report outcomes and evaluate patient factors and the impact of surgical evolution on outcomes in consecutive ulcerative colitis patients who had restorative proctocolectomy with ileal pouch-anal anastomosis (IPAA) at an Australian institution over 26 years.Methods: Data including clinical characteristics, preoperative medical therapy, and surgical outcomes were collected. We divided eligible patients into 3 period arms (period 1, 1990 to 1999; period 2, 2000 to 2009; period 3, 2010 to 2016). Outcomes of interest were IPAA leak and pouch failure.Results: A total of 212 patients were included. Median follow-up was 50 (interquartile range, 17 to 120) months. Rates of early and late complications were 34.9% and 52.0%, respectively. Early complications included wound infection (9.4%), pelvic sepsis (8.0%), and small bowel obstruction (6.6%) while late complications included small bowel obstruction (18.9%), anal stenosis (16.8%), and pouch fistula (13.3%). Overall, IPAA leak rate was 6.1% and pouch failure rate was 4.8%. Eighty-three patients (42.3%) experienced pouchitis. Over time, we observed an increase in patient exposure to thiopurine (P=0.0025), cyclosporin (P=0.0002), and anti-tumor necrosis factor (P<0.00001) coupled with a shift to laparoscopic technique (P<0.00001), stapled IPAA (P<0.00001), J pouch configuration (P<0.00001), a modified 2-stage procedure (P=0.00012), and a decline in defunctioning ileostomy rate at time of IPAA (P=0.00002). Apart from pouchitis, there was no significant difference in surgical and chronic inflammatory pouch outcomes with time.Conclusion: Despite greater patient exposure to immunomodulatory and biologic therapy before surgery coupled with a significant change in surgical techniques, surgical and chronic inflammatory pouch outcome rates have remained stable.