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Chang, Hyeshik,Yeo, Jinah,Kim, Jeong-gyun,Kim, Hyunjoon,Lim, Jaechul,Lee, Mihye,Kim, Hyun Ho,Ohk, Jiyeon,Jeon, Hee-Yeon,Lee, Hyunsook,Jung, Hosung,Kim, Kyu-Won,Kim, V. Narry Elsevier 2018 Molecular cell Vol.70 No.1
<P><B>Summary</B></P> <P>During the maternal-to-zygotic transition (MZT), maternal RNAs are actively degraded and replaced by newly synthesized zygotic transcripts in a highly coordinated manner. However, it remains largely unknown how maternal mRNA decay is triggered in early vertebrate embryos. Here, through genome-wide profiling of RNA abundance and 3′ modification, we show that uridylation is induced at the onset of maternal mRNA clearance. The temporal control of uridylation is conserved in vertebrates. When the homologs of terminal uridylyltransferases TUT4 and TUT7 (TUT4/7) are depleted in zebrafish and <I>Xenopus</I>, maternal mRNA clearance is significantly delayed, leading to developmental defects during gastrulation. Short-tailed mRNAs are selectively uridylated by TUT4/7, with the highly uridylated transcripts degraded faster during the MZT than those with unmodified poly(A) tails. Our study demonstrates that uridylation plays a crucial role in timely mRNA degradation, thereby allowing the progression of early development.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> TUT4 and TUT7 are conserved writers of U tail in vertebrates </LI> <LI> mRNA uridylation is induced during early embryogenesis </LI> <LI> Uridylation facilitates the programmed elimination of maternal RNAs </LI> <LI> TUT4 and TUT7 are required for gastrulation in zebrafish and <I>Xenopus</I> </LI> </UL> </P> <P><B>Graphical Abstract</B></P> <P>[DISPLAY OMISSION]</P>
Internal interaction changes within the mutation of SLC26A4 STAS domain
Kim, Jae In,Chang, Hyunjoon,Lee, Myeongsang,Na, Sungsoo Elsevier 2018 Chemical physics letters Vol.710 No.-
<P>Pendrin (SLC26A4) is a protein associated with the auditory system. Pendred syndrome (PDS) and DFNB4 are typical auditory disorders caused by mutations in the SLC26A4 STAS domain. We generated an SLC26A4 STAS domain model and six mutated STAS domain models related to PDS, DFNB4, and PDS/DFNB4 by homology modeling. Molecular dynamics simulation was performed to find the equilibration conformation and fluctuation information. Using fluctuation information, we calculated betweenness centrality and edge betweenness to reveal communication between secondary structures of STAS domain. The edge betweenness results showed that mutated models generate communication signals that are less clear than WT models.</P>
Kim, Jung-in,Choi, Chang Heon,Park, So-Yeon,An, HyunJoon,Wu, Hong-Gyun,Park, Jong Min Korean Society of Medical Physics 2017 의학물리 Vol.28 No.2
The aim of this study is to investigate the characteristics of portal dosimetry in comparison with the MapCHECK2 measurments. In this study, a total of 65 treatment plans including both volumetric modulated arc therapy (VMAT) and intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) were retrospectively selected and analyzed (45 VMAT plans and 20 IMRT plans). A total of 4 types of linac models (VitalBeam, Trilogy, Clinac 21EXS, and Clianc iX) were used for the comparison between portal dosimetry and the MapCHECK2 measurements. The VMAT plans were delivered with two VitalBeam linacs (VitalBeam1 and VitalBeam2) and one Trilogy while the IMRT plans were delivered with one Clinac 21EXS and one Clinacl iX. The global gamma passing rates of portal dosimetry and the MapCHECK2 measurements were analyzed with a gamma criterion of 3%/3 mm for IMRT while those were analyzed with a gamma criterion of 2%/2 mm for VMAT. Spearman's correlation coefficients (r) were calculated between the gamma passing rates of portal dosimetry and those of the MapCHECK2 measurements. For VMAT, the gamma passing rates of portal dosimetry with the VitalBeam1, VitalBeam2, and Trilogy were $97.3%{\pm}3.5%$, $97.1%{\pm}3.4%$, and $97.5%{\pm}1.9%$, respectively. Those of the MapCHECK2 measurements were $96.8%{\pm}2.5%$, $96.3%{\pm}2.7%$, and $97.4%{\pm}1.3%$, respectively. For IMRT, the gamma passing rates of portal dosimetry with Clinac 21EXS and Clinac iX were $99.7%{\pm}0.3%$ and $99.8%{\pm}0.2%$, respectively. Those of the MapCHECK2 measurements were $96.5%{\pm}3.3%$ and $97.7%{\pm}3.2%$, respectively. Except for the result with the Trilogy, no correlations were observed between the gamma passing rates of portal dosimetry and those of the MapCHECK2 measurements. Therefore, both the MapCHECK2 measurements and portal dosimetry can be used as an alternative to each other for patient-specific QA for both IMRT and VMAT.
동북아 에너지 협력 강화를 위한 한·중·일 슈퍼그리드 구축 전략
백서인(BAEK, Seoin),장현준(CHANG, Hyunjoon) 신아시아연구소(구 신아세아질서연구회) 2015 신아세아 Vol.22 No.4
오늘날 동북아에는 기존의 ARF(아세안 지역 안보포럼), EAS(동아시아 정상회의), APEC(아시아 태평양 경제 협력체) 등 다양한 다자협력체가 있었지만 피상적인 협력관계만을 구축하는데 그쳤다. 본연구는 서로 다른 국가들이 통합 전력망을 통해 에너지를 공유하는 슈퍼그리드라는 새로운 비전을 제안함으로써 동북아의 주요 경제주체인 한·중·일 3국의 에너지 협력 체계를 시작으로 하는 경제, 사회문화, 정치, 안보의 교류 활성화 방안을 제안하고 있다. 한·중·일 3국의 슈퍼그리드를 통한 에너 지 협력체계 구축을 위해 본 연구에서는 해외 사례와의 비교연구, STEEP-SWOT 및 시나리오 분석 세 가지 방법을 사용하여 3국 각각의 경쟁우위에 맞는 최적화된 협력체계 구축전략을 제시해 냈다. 연구결과 선도적인 해외 메가 플랜트 구축과정에서 비용문제, 기술 문제, 리더십 및 관리 문제, 사회와 국민의 인식 등 다양한 문제가 존재하였다. 또한 한·중·일 3국의 사회, 기술, 경제, 생태, 정치적 분석을 진행한 결과 과학기술정책을 통해 기술에서의 협력을 실현하고 궁극적으로 경제 활성화와 환경보호를 실현할 수 있는 것으로 나타났으나, 과거사와 정치-군사 분쟁 등 범사회적 이슈들을 해결해야 하는것으로 나타났다. 마지막으로 시나리오 분석을 통해, 한국은 북한과의 협업관계를 우선적으로 구축한 후 에너지 허브와 다리역할을 수행해야 하고, 중국은 한일 양국과의 연계를 우선적으로 구축함으로써 기술력 발전과 더불어 경제 통합을 실현해야 하며, 일본의 경우 해저케이블 건설 및 한중 양국과의 우호적인 관계 구축에 힘써야 함을 시사하고 있었다. 러시아, 몽골 등의 외적 요소와 계량화 시키지 못한 한계가 존재하지만, 본 연구에서 이끌어 낸 최종 제언은 한·중·일 3국간 신뢰구축을 촉진하고 동북아 번영 및 평화협력을 증진시키는데 보다 실질적으로 공헌 할 것이다. This study recommends economic, socio-culture, politic and security exchange invigoration based on a Korea-China-Japan energy cooperation system via a Northeast Asian “supergrid.” This study uses comparative case studies, STEEP-SWOT and scenario analysis to validate its conclusions. Each nation’s competitive advantage is assessed to derive optimal strategies within the cooperative system. Potential problems include construction and establishment costs, technological barriers, leadership, operations, and public opinion from the mega-plant cases. It also analyzes the society, technology, economy, ecology and politics of Korea, China and Japan. Technological cooperation may lead to economic invigoration and environment protection via science and technology policy. However, history issues and political problems must be overcome before this plan can proceed. It is recommended that Korea set up cooperative relations with North Korea before acting as an energy hub and assuming the role of bridge. China must establish connections with Korea and Japan to facilitate China’s technological development and economic integration. For Japan, building a submarine cable and creating a friendly atmosphere with Korea and China are priorities. While the study has little assessment of external elements such as Russia and Mongolia, it concludes that such a plan will not only have economic benefits, but will also contribute to trust building and foster peaceful cooperation among Korea, China and Japan.