광개시제 종류 및 함량에 따른 광경화형 잉크의 광경화 특성과 인쇄회로기판용 에칭 레지스트 소재로의 적용성 연구

김보영 ( Bo-young Kim ),조수빈 ( Subin Jo ),정과정 ( Gwajeong Jeong ),박성대 ( Seong Dae Park ),김지훈 ( Jihoon Kim ),최의근 ( Eui-keun Choi ),유명재 ( Myong Jae Yoo ),양현승 ( Hyunseung Yang ) 한국공업화학회 2023 공업화학 Vol.34 No.4

전자 기기의 소형화, 집적화 및 박형화에 따라 인쇄회로기판 제조 시 미세한 회로 패턴이 요구되고 있다. 기존의 인쇄회로기판은 dry film resist를 이용한 photolithography 법을 적용하여 주로 제조하지만, 미세 회로 패턴 구현을 위해서는 정밀한 마스크 설계 및 고가의 노광장비 등이 필요하다는 한계점이 있다. 이에 따라서 최근에는 dry film resist를 대체하여 미세 회로 패턴 형성에 유리한 광경화형 잉크를 직접인쇄 공정을 통해 인쇄회로기판의 회로 패턴을 형성하는 연구들이 관심받고 있다. 광경화형 잉크를 통한 회로 패턴 형성을 위해서는 동박과의 밀착성, 패턴 형성 과정에서의 에칭 저항성, 박리 특성의 제어가 필수적이다. 본 연구에서는 광개시제 종류 및 함량이 다른 여러 광경화형 잉크를 제조하고 이들의 광경화 거동을 분석하였다. 또한, 광경화형 에칭 레지스트 잉크로의 적용성 평가를 위해 에칭 저항성, 박리성, 밀착성 등을 분석하였다. As electronic devices become smaller and more integrated, the demand for manufacturing thin, flexible printed circuit boards (FPCBs) has increased. Although FPCBs are conventionally manufactured by a photolithography method using dry film resist, this process is complicated, and the mask is specifically designed to obtain the precision of the desired circuit line width. In this regard, manufacturing FPCBs with fine patterns through the direct printing method of photocurable inks has gained growing attention. Since the manufacturing process of FPCBs is based on the direct printing method that includes etching and stripping processes utilizing acid and basic chemicals, controlling the adhesion strength, the etching resistance, and the strippability of photocured inks has drawn a lot of attention for the fabrication of fine patterns through photocurable inks. In this study, acrylic ink with various types and contents of the photoinitiator was prepared, and the curing behavior was analyzed. Also, the adhesion strength, etching resistance, and strippability were analyzed to evaluate the applicability of developed photocurable etching resist inks.

광경화수지를 이용한 도막방수재의 경화 및 부착 특성에 관한 연구

김병윤(Kim, Byung-Yun),이승재(Lee, Seung-Jae),고진수(Ko, Jin-Soo),박성우(Park, Sung-Woo) 대한건축학회 2016 大韓建築學會論文集 : 構造系 Vol.32 No.4

Urethane and epoxy waterproofing membrane coating, which is most widely used at present, involves problems such as the long time of drying, environmental pollution due to a large quantity of volatile solvent generated in the drying process, etc. Accordingly, the objective of this study is to diversify the advantages of photocurable resin with no volatile solvent. To this end, its availability as an alternative to existing epoxy and urethane waterproofing membrane coating is examined, and an experiment was conducted to present a basis for construction manuals to secure proper quality. Experiment results are as follows: (1) To secure a level of bond strength that satisfies the quality standards in using photocurable resin for waterproofing membrane coating, the irradiation distance should be within 100mm and the irradiation angle within 90°±22.5°, and the time at least 20 seconds in principle. (2) As for the adhesive strength of photocurable resin depending on the base surface materials, that for mortar should be 3.23 KN/㎟ and that for steel sheets 6.14 KN/㎟. The suggested material satisfies these quality standards. (3) When photocurable resin is used for mortar in various temperature conditions, the value was 1.95 KN/㎟ in the condition of mortar at 20±2℃, and 1.74 KN/㎟ at 30±2℃ respectively. (4) When photocurable resin is used for waterproofing membrane coating of mortar, a primer should be applied in order to secure adhesive strength high enough. Thus, the suggested material can be utilized as an alternative to waterproofing membrane coating, an existing volatile solvent.

광경화형 지방족 에폭시 변성 우레탄 아크릴레이트의 합성과 물성

임진규 ( Im Jin Gyu ),김동국 ( Kim Dong Gug ),김우근 ( Kim U Geun ) 한국공업화학회 2004 공업화학 Vol.15 No.3

지방족 에폭시 아크릴레이트의 개질을 위하여 BDGEDA (1,4-butanediol diglycidyl ether diacrylate))와 NPGEDA (neopentylglycol diglycidyl ether diacrylate)에 디이소시아네이트를 도입하여 우레탄 아크릴레이트의 특성을 가지는 광경화형 지방족 에폭시 변성 우레탄 아크릴레이트를 합성하였다. 광개시제를 혼합하여 지방족 에폭시 변성 우레탄 아크릴레이트의 경화특성을 조사하였다. 점도는 NUA가 BUA보다 더 높았다. 유리전이온도는 NUA가 더 높았으며 열안정성도 더 우수하였다. 경도와 내마모성은 NUA (NPGEDA modified urethane acrylate)가 BUA(1,4-BDGEDA modified urethane acrylate)보다 높았으며 Yellow index는 2가지 모두 거의 유사하였으나 BUA가 약간 더 우수하였다. 경화필름의 인장강도는 NUA가 BUA보다 높은 값을 보였으며 신장율은 BUA가 NUA보다 더 높음을 알 수있었다. A photocurable aliphatic epoxy modified by urethane acrylate was prepared from BDGEDA, NPGEDA and the diisocyanate in order to improve the properties of an aliphatic epoxy acrylate. After mixing a photoiniatiator, the curing properties of the photocurable aliphatic epoxy modified by urethane acrylate were investigated. The viscosities of NUA were higher than BUA. The glass transition temperatures of NUA were higher than those of BUA, and NUA was thermally more stable than BUA. The hardness and abrasion of NUA were higher than those of BUA. The yellow index of both NUA and BUA showed a similar result but that of BUA was a little higher. NUA had higher tensile strength of UV curd-film than BUA, but BUA had a higher elongahon than NUA.

빛의 강도에 따른 광경화성 하이드로겔 섬유의 기계적 물성

이상민(Sangmin Lee),추보경(Bokyeong Chu) 한국기계가공학회 2021 한국기계가공학회지 Vol.20 No.10

Photocurable hydrogels are widely used as 3D printing materials in tissue engineering (e.g., scaffold fabrication) as well as optical fibers (or optical sensors) materials. Photocurable hydrogels can control optical and mechanical properties such as chemical or fabrication conditions. In previous research, we introduced a new 3D printing method to fabricate a freestanding overhanging hydrogel structure without supporting structure. This study was measured and analyzed the difference of the mechanical properties of the photocurable hydrogel according to the light intensity using a micro tensile tester. In practically, it was difficult to perform a direct tensile test on a micro (less than 1 mm) size fiber. In this study, the tensile test of the hydrogel fibers could be measured simply and repeatedly using a paper carrier.

연구 논문 : 아크릴계 광바인더의 전환율과 열안정성 향상을 위한 공정변수 결정

김병철 ( Byung Chul Kim ),서동학 ( Dong Hak Seo ),채헌승 ( Heon Seung Chae ),신승한 ( Seung Han Shin ) 한국공업화학회 2012 공업화학 Vol.23 No.1

투명 섬유복합체용 광경화성 바인더로 지환족 골격과 플루오렌계 골격을 갖는 아크릴계 수지 혼합물을 제조하여, 개시제의 종류 및 농도, 광량 등이 바인더의 전환율에 미치는 영향을 조사하였다. ANOVA 분석에 의하면, 바인더의 전환율 증가에는 광량, 개시제의 농도가 주요하였다. 광량에 대해 바인더의 전환율은 거의 선형적으로 증가하였고, 개시제 농도가 증가하게 되면 광량 증가에 따른 전환율 증가는 둔화되었다. FTIR-ATR을 이용하여 측정된 바인더의 평균 전환율은 개시제 농도 5 wt%, 광량 5 J/cm2의 조건에서는 87% 수준이었다. 옥심 에스테르계 개시제는 전환율 측면에서는 효과적이었으나, 황변현상을 초래하였다. 광경화 필름은 열처리에 의해 전환율이 증가하고, 휘발성 유기물이 제거되어 열안정성이 향상되었다. 한편, 트리메틸벤조일디페닐포스핀 옥시드와 메틸 벤조일포르메이트 혼합개시제 5wt%, 광량 5 J/cm2조건에서 광경화된 필름은 230 ℃, 5분 열처리로 TG% (@260 ℃)가 95.4에서 99.0%로 증가하였다. Photocurable binder for a transparent glass fiber composite was prepared with alicyclic methacrylate and fluorene-based diacrylate. ANOVA (analysis of variance) analysis was used to know main factors affecting the conversion of photocurable binder. It showed radiation intensity and photoinitiator (PI) concentration were main factors. The conversion of photocurable binder was simply increased with radiation intensity. Its increment however was abated with increasing PI concentration. We found that average conversion of the binder measured by FTIR-ATR was 87% when it was exposed to 5 J/cm 2 of UV dose with 5 wt% of PI. Oxime ester type PI was very effective to get a high degree of conversion, but it caused a yellowing problem. Owing to post-baking process, UV cured film showed an improved thermal stability by increase of conversion and removal of volatile organic compounds. TG% at 260 ℃ of film cured with 5 wt% of PI (TPO+MBF) and 5 J/cm 2 of UV radiation increased from 95.4 to 99.0% by post-baking at 230 ℃ for 5 min.

광경화성 하이드로겔 액적의 노광 조건에 따른 표면 충돌 거동 변화에 대한 실험적 연구

이상현 ( Sanghyun Lee ),강동관 ( Dong Kwan Kang ),이상민 ( Sangmin Lee ) 한국화학공학회 2022 Korean Chemical Engineering Research(HWAHAK KONGHA Vol.60 No.2

3D printing technology, which creates a physical object by various material deposition, has been widely used in recent years in the manufacturing field because of its advantages. Among the various printing technologies, droplet-based 3D printing technology (e.g., Polyjet^®) enables a high-resolution printing using photocurable materials such as hydrogels. Depending on the degree of light exposure, ejected photocurable droplets may have different properties (e.g., viscosity) until they collide with the substrate and it leads to the different spreading behaviors of the droplets (i.e., impact, spreading, and recoiling) during deposition on the substrate. In this study, experimental observation and analysis of the changes in hydrogel droplet viscosity and spreading behavior according to the light exposure were carried out based on high-speed image processing.

세포배양 미세유체 시스템을 위한 광경 화성 레진의 생적합성 평가

이형록,전누리 대한기계학회 2021 대한기계학회 춘추학술대회 Vol.2021 No.4

In bio-engineering labs, DLP (digital light processing) printers can be used to fabricate microfluidic platforms to culture cells or biological microenvironments such as ECM (extracellular matrix). However, the photointiators that exist within photocurable resin have been known to contain cytotoxic elements harmful to cells. In this study, we explored the bio-compatibility of various photocurable resins and how it compared to the conventionally used c-parylene deposition method. We found that using different finishing techniques such as extended UV treatment produced cell growth and vasculogenesis effects similar if not better to those obtained through using c-parylene deposition, a finding which would result in reduced manufacturing time and higher throughput for microfluidic platforms. A rail-guided microfluidic platform was used to culture human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) and lung fibroblasts (LF) to observe 3D vasculogenesis on the different conditions. 2D growth was also analyzed to observe the viability of cells directly on the resin. Cell growth was compared using 2D cell analysis while vasculogenesis was compared by observing vessel formation in a 3D environment. These results hope to allow more future experiments to utilize photocurable resins more efficiently.

Synthesis of new photocurable resin based on furanic core for replacing Bis-GMA

( Mai Toan ),신승한 한국공업화학회 2016 한국공업화학회 연구논문 초록집 Vol.2016 No.0

Bisphenol-A (BPA) has been widely used for plastics and epoxy resins because it provides clearness and toughness. However, there are many side effects for human heath, especially for children, because of its hormone-like properties. Therefore, some products based on BPA need to be replaced by others human friendly materials such as materials come from biomass. One of the most promising materials can replace BPA is biomass derived furanic core compounds. In this study, we synthesized and characterized new acrylate photocurable binder based on furanic core. We also compared its curing behaviour and mechanical properties with BisGMA (bisphenol-A-glycidyl dimethacrylate) that has been used for several decades as a photocurable binder.

광경화형 지방족 에폭시 아크릴레이트 합성과 물성 (1)

임진규 ( Im Jin Gyu ),김동국 ( Kim Dong Gug ),황자영 ( Hwang Ja Yeong ) 한국공업화학회 2003 공업화학 Vol.14 No.6

1,4-Butanediol과 epichlorohydrin을 반응시켜 얻은 1,4-butanediol diglycidyl ether를 다시 acrylic acid와 반응시켜 광경화형 지방족 에폭시 아크릴레이트를 합성하였다. 이것을 3종류의 반응성 모노머(2-hydroxyethyl acrylate, tri(propylene glycol) diacrylate, trimethylolpropane triacrylate)로 희석하여 물성에 미치는 영향을 조사하였다. 점도는 희석 모노머함량의 증가에 따라 감소하였고 모노머의 관능기가 증가할수록 증가하였다. DMA를 이용하여 측정한 tanδ 피이크로부터 측정한 광경화필름의 유리전이온도는 모노머의 관능기가 증가할수록 고온으로 이동하였다. 광경화필름의 열안정성도 유사한 거동을 보였다. 광경화필름의 경도, 내마모성, 인장강도는 모노머의 관능기가 증가할수록 증가하였고 신장율은 모노머의 관능기가 증가할수록 감소하였다. 촉진내후성시험에서 황변 지수값이 모노머의 관능기가 많을수록 증가하였다. Photocurable aliphatic epoxy acrylate was prepared from acrylic acid and 1,4-butanediol diglycidyl ether that was obtained by reacting 1,4-butanediol with with epichlorohydrin. After the dilution with three kinds of reactive monomers (2-hydroxyethyl acrylate, tri(propylene glycol) diacrylate, trimethylolpropane triacrylate), the properties of photocurable aliphatic epoxy acrylate were investigated. Their viscosities decreased with the increased amount of reactive monomers, but increased when higher functionality of monomers were used. Glass transition temperature of UV-cured filn, obtained from tan peak of DMA (dimethylamine), shifted to higher temperatures as the functionality of monomer was increased, and thermal stability exhibited similar behavior. Hardness, abrasion resistance, and tensile strength of UV-cured film also increased with increased functionality of monomer, but elongation was reduced with the higher monomer functionality. In an accelerated weathering test, UV-cured film showed that the value of yellow index increased with increased functionality of monomer.

미세 유체 PDMS 몰드 조립체를 이용한 광경화성 고분자 기반 원자 현미경 캔틸레버의 고속 배치 제작

이보라(Bora Lee),윤여원(Yeowon Yoon),김석범(Seokbeom Kim),이정철(Jungchul Lee) 대한기계학회 2017 대한기계학회 춘추학술대회 Vol.2017 No.11

This paper reports rapid batch fabrication of atomic force microscope (AFM) cantilevers with photocurable polymers using microfluidic polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) mold assembly. One PDMS mold contains negative base structures and connection microfluidic channels, both of which are simultaneously replicated via single transfer from 250-㎛ thick positive SU-8 (100) patterns on a 4-inch silicon wafer. The other PDMS mold contains negative tip and beam structures replicated via double transfer starting from another 4-inch silicon wafer which is anisotropically etched by potassium hydroxide (KOH) and then 15-㎛ thick negative SU-8 (2015) patterned. After the prepared PDMS mold pair is aligned with a custom PDMS aligner, hydrogel or photocurable polymers that are routinely used in stereolithographytype 3D printers are injected by an electronic pressure regulator into the empty space in the mold assembly. After the mold is fully filled with the photocurable prepolymer, UV (365 nm, 28.8 mW/cm²) is exposed for 10 seconds. Then, the PDMS mold assembly is separated and the cured AFM cantilevers are mechanically detached by using a tweezer. In this way, 40 AFM cantilevers having average tip radius of ~200 nm are simultaneously fabricated. For optical-lever type AFM instruments, thin metal (Ti/Au : 40 nm/80 nm) is deposited selectively near the free end of each cantilever by using a shadow mask. Finally, each polymer cantilever is individualized by using a tweezer and used for AFM imaging.