육계사에서의 미생물 활성 토탄의 악취저감 효과

Gyurae Kim,Sang-Joon Lee,Taeyeon Kim,Krisdianti,Sulhi Aufa,Hyunsook Min,Gyeongchan Go,Ho-Seong Cho,오연수 한국동물위생학회 2022 韓國家畜衛生學會誌 Vol.45 No.2

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the reduction effect of microbially activated peat on odor generated by livestock farms. The odor gas was measured by stirring the livestock manure sample with the existing litter and the microbially activated peat (Healtha Peat) was developed by this re-search team. In outdoor farm experiment, the measurements were performed by comparing broilers farm using rice husks and microbially activated peat as litter. The weight, mortality, shipment date, and odor levels (NH3) were measured before and after experiment. The result showed that NH3 levels were reduced by 100% in the Healtha Peat mixed group, Healtha Peat and rice husks mixed group. In the peat mixed group, Healtha Peat and saw dust mixed group showed reduce value at 99.6% and 99.1%, respectively. However the rice husks mixed group and saw dust mixed group showed a rela-tively weak NH3 reduction effect with values of 57.5% and 84.8%, respectively. After 3 months, the Healtha Peat mixed group and Healtha Peat and rice husks mixed group showed the highest NH3 reduction effect persistence. In the outdoor farm experiment, NH3 was present in farms using rice husks, but not in farms using Healtha Peat. In farms using Healtha Peat, the mortality and NH3 were reduced by 75% and >90%, respectively. The average body weight increased 18% and resulted to 10% decrease in the shipping date. These results implied that microbially activated peat has a clear effect on farm NH3 reduction and affects the productivity of farm animals.

전남 장흥피트를 이용한 항산화, 주름개선, 피부재생 및 항균효과 규명

정용기,박성윤,이동욱 한국피부과학연구원 2013 대한피부미용학회지 Vol.11 No.2

Peat is the product decomposed by biochemical function when the plants like the moss, reed, sedge, etc. and the little body of wood substances from the pine, birch, etc. are deposited under enough water condition. This study was carried out to develop the cosmetic material with functionality of skin on standardized peat and peat extract through comparison of efficacy between Jangheung peat and good qualifed Finland peat. By the experiment result, the antioxidation effect dose-dependently appeared in both Finland and Jangheung peat than control (L-ascorbic acid) and especially, the sphagnum peat of Finland was the highest antioxidation effect. Also, moisturizing effect respectively appeared in both Finland and Jangheung peat than the normal control and skin damaged group. And Jangheung peat was higher than the Finland peat in the moisturizing effect. And antiwrinkle effect appeared the statistical significance in both Finland and Jangheung peat than UV treated group and normal group. Regeneration effect of skin appeared the statistical significance in both Finland and Jangheung peat than skin damaged group and normal group. Finally, antibacterial effect showed in both Finland and Jangheung peat about Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. As a result, the Jangheung peat having good quality is expected to develop various cosmetics through the varification of additional efficacies in the future.

Strength and compressibility characteristics of peat stabilized with sand columns

Jorat, M. Ehsan,Kreiter, Stefan,Morz, Tobias,Moon, Vicki,de Lange, Willem Techno-Press 2013 Geomechanics & engineering Vol.5 No.6

Organic soils exhibit problematic properties such as high compressibility and low shear strength; these properties may cause differential settlement or failure in structures built on such soils. Organic soil removal or stabilization are the most important methods to overcome geotechnical problems related to peat soils' engineering characteristics. This paper presents soil mechanical intervention for stabilization of peat with sand columns and focuses on a comparison between the mechanical characteristics of undisturbed peat and peat stabilized with 20%, 30% and 40% of sand on the laboratory scale. Cylindrical columns were extruded in different diameters through a nearly undisturbed peat sample in the laboratory and filled with sand. By adding sand columns to peat, higher permeability, higher shear strength and a faster consolidation was achieved. The sample with 70% peat and 30% sand displayed the most reliable compressibility properties. This can be attributed to proper drainage provided by sand columns for peat in this specific percentage. It was observed that the granular texture of sand also increased the friction angle of peat. The addition of 30% sand led to the highest shear strength among all mixtures considered. The peat samples with 40% sand were sampled with two and three sand columns and tested in direct shear and consolidation tests to evaluate the influence of the number and geometry of sand columns. Samples with three sand columns showed higher compressibility and shear strength. Following the results of this laboratory study it appears that the introduction of sand columns could be suitable for geotechnical peat stabilization in the field scale.

Compressibility behaviour of peat reinforced with precast stabilized peat columns and FEM analysis

Kalantari, Behzad,Rezazade, Reza K. Techno-Press 2015 Geomechanics & engineering Vol.9 No.4

Researches have been done to discover ways to strengthen peat soil deposits. In this model study, fibrous peat that is the most compressible types of peat has been reinforced with precast peat columns stabilized with ordinary Portland cement and polypropylene fibres. Rowe cell consolidation tests as well as plate load tests (PLTs) were conducted on various types of test samples to evaluate the strength and deformation of untreated peat and peat reinforced by various types of columns. PLTs were conducted in a specially designed and fabricated circular steel test tank. The compression index ($C_c$) and recompression index ($C_r$) of fibrous peat samples reduced considerably upon use of precast columns. Also, PLT results confirmed the results obtained from Rowe cell tests. Use of polypropylene fibres added to cement further decreased ($C_c$) and ($C_r$) and increased load bearing capacity of untreated peat. Finite element method (FEM) using Plaxis 3D was carried out to evaluate the stress distributions along various types of tested samples and also, to compare the deformations obtained from FEM analysis with the actual maximum deformations found from PLTs. FEM results indicate that most of the induced stresses are taken on the upper portion of tested samples and reach their maximum values below the loading plate. Also, a close agreement was found between actual deformation values obtained from PLTs and values resulted from FEM analysis for various types of tested samples.

천연흡착제를 이용한 질소와 인의 흡착에 관한 연구

박병윤 효성여자대학교 부설 한국환경위생연구소 1993 환경위생연구 Vol.3 No.1

폐수내의 요염물질을 효과적으료 제거할 수 있는 저가의 천연흡착제를 개발하기 위하여천연 zeolite, Na-zeolite, peat및 sand에 의한 NH_4^+ -N와 PO_4^-3 -P의 흡착능과 이들 재료의하전특성을 조사하였다. NH_4^+ -N의 흡착제거 효과는 zeolite와 Na-zeolite의 경우 매우 높게(80~90% ) 나타났으나peat의 경우는 매우 적은 양만을 흡착하였다. PO_4^-3 -P의 흡착제거 효과는 NH_4^+ -N의 흡착과는 반대로 peat에 다량 흡착(78~86% ) 흡착되었으나 aeolite와 Na-zeolite에는 상대적으로 적게 흡착(58~76%)되었다. PH에 따른 NH_4^+ -N와 PO_4^-3 -P의 흡착량을 조사한 결과 Zeolite의 경우는 흡착량의 차이를나타내지 않았으나 peat의 경우는 PH가 증가함에 따라 NH_4^+ -N의 흡착량은 증가하고 PO_4-^3 -P의 흡착량은 감소하였다. ZPC는 peat의 경우 pH4.5부근에서, zeolite의 경우는 pH9-10사이에서, Na-zeolite의경우는 pH 8~9 사이로 나타났다. The characteristics of suface charge of some natural adsorbents(zeolite, Na-saturated zeolite, peat, sand) and the adsorption capacities of themon NH_4^+ -N and PO_4^-3 -P were investigated for the purpose of developinglow-priced natural adsorbents for the effective elimination of pollutants in waste-water. The adsorption ratios of HH_4^+-N by zeolite and Na-zeolite(80~90% ) werevery high, but peat adsorbed only a small amount of that. On the contrary,the adsorption ratios of PO_4^-3 -P by zeolite and Na-zeolite(58-76% ) were muchlower than those by peat(78~86%) In the case of a adsorption experiment by peat, the amount of NH_4^+ -N adsor-ption increased, and that of P0_4^-3 -P adsorption decreased with increasing pHof suspension. In the case of a adsorption experiment by zeolite and Na-zeolite,the adsorption amount of NH_4^+ -N and PO_4^-s -P made no difference, accordingas the pH ranges of suspensions differed. The zero point charges of zeolite, Na-zeolite and peat were pH 9-10, pH8-9 an,6 about pH 4.5. respectively.

르완다에 적용 가능한 가정/산업용 토탄 활용 기술

이영주,전충환,최영찬 적정기술학회 2017 적정기술학회지(Journal of Appropriate Technology) Vol.3 No.1

The utilization of peat fuel and high value-added technologies of its byproducts comes to the fore as African countries, are struggling with sever forest damage with the direct use of wood for heating and cooking in households. In addition, an intellectual property transfer, is important for technology development in resources-poor countries due to their domestic policy on conservation of resources. In this study, peat fuel was evaluated by devolatilization characteristics, briquette fuel and hybrid peat. In addition, 1ton/day rotary kiln type peat pyrolysis pilot process was constructed, then the reconfiguration and supplementation of the facilities were conducted for its optimum operation. Through the experimental results, electricity generation using peat gas by peat pyrolysis and smoke-free fuel production by peat char recovery are expecting to secure natural resources from resource-poor countries, which are struggling with severe air pollution. 장작을 직접 난방 및 취사용 연료로 사용하는 르완다 지역의 에너지 불균형이 심각한 상황에 토탄 활용 기술 및 부산물을 이용한 고부가가치화 기술개발이 대두되고 있다. 이와 더불어 자원빈국의 자국자원보호정책에 따라 당 연구원에서 보유하고 있는 기술을 해외로 이전하고 해당지역의 기술을 성장시킬 수 있는 전략이 요구된다. 본 연구에서는토탄 열분해에 의한 탈휘발 특성 및 성형연료 제조, 하이브리드 토탄을 생산하여 다양한 연료 특성을 평가하였다. 또한, 1ton/day 규모 로터리 킬른형 토탄 열분해 pilot 설비를 구축하였고, 설비 구조변경 및 추가설치 등 운전에 대한 장애요인 해결을 통해 설비의 운전 최적화 실험을 수행하였다. 본 연구 결과를 토대로 토탄을 열분해하여 얻어지는 토탄가스를 이용한 전력 생산, 그리고 회수되는 토탄 char를 이용한 가정용 무연연료, 하이브리드 토탄을 통한 고품위화연료를 생산 및 보급함으로써 자원빈국의 자원을 확보함과 동시에 해당 국가의 대기오염을 크게 저감할 수 있을 것이라 기대된다.

Peat Utilization Technology for Household and Industry in Rwanda

Young-Joo Lee(이영주),Chung-Hwan Jeon(전충환),Young-Chan Choi(최영찬) 적정기술학회 2017 적정기술학회지(Journal of Appropriate Technology) Vol.3 No.1

장작을 직접 난방 및 취사용 연료로 사용하는 르완다 지역의 에너지 불균형이 심각한 상황에 토탄 활용 기술 및 부산 물을 이용한 고부가가치화 기술개발이 대두되고 있다. 이와 더불어 자원빈국의 자국자원보호정책에 따라 당 연구원에 서 보유하고 있는 기술을 해외로 이전하고 해당지역의 기술을 성장시킬 수 있는 전략이 요구된다. 본 연구에서는 토탄 열분해에 의한 탈휘발 특성 및 성형연료 제조, 하이브리드 토탄을 생산하여 다양한 연료 특성을 평가하였다. 또 한, 1ton/day 규모 로터리 킬른형 토탄 열분해 pilot 설비를 구축하였고, 설비 구조변경 및 추가설치 등 운전에 대한 장 애요인 해결을 통해 설비의 운전 최적화 실험을 수행하였다. 본 연구 결과를 토대로 토탄을 열분해하여 얻어지는 토 탄가스를 이용한 전력 생산, 그리고 회수되는 토탄 char를 이용한 가정용 무연연료, 하이브리드 토탄을 통한 고품위화 연료를 생산 및 보급함으로써 자원빈국의 자원을 확보함과 동시에 해당 국가의 대기오염을 크게 저감할 수 있을 것이 라 기대된다. The utilization of peat fuel and high value-added technologies of its byproducts comes to the fore as African countries, are struggling with sever forest damage with the direct use of wood for heating and cooking in households. In addition, an intellectual property transfer, is important for technology development in resources-poor countries due to their domestic policy on conservation of resources. In this study, peat fuel was evaluated by devolatilization characteristics, briquette fuel and hybrid peat. In addition, 1ton/day rotary kiln type peat pyrolysis pilot process was constructed, then the reconfiguration and supplementation of the facilities were conducted for its optimum operation. Through the experimental results, electricity generation using peat gas by peat pyrolysis and smoke-free fuel production by peat char recovery are expecting to secure natural resources from resource-poor countries, which are struggling with severe air pollution.

천연여과재를 이용한 카드뮴 흡착에 관한 연구

박병윤 효성여자대학교 부설 한국환경위생연구소 1992 환경위생연구 Vol.2 No.1

폐수내의 중금속을 효과적으로 제거할 수 있는 저가의 천연여과재를 개발하기 위하여 zeo-lite, Na-zeotite(Na-saturated zeolite), peat 및 sand 등에 의한 카드뮴의 흡착능력과 이들여과재에 흡착되어 있는 치환성양이온들의 탈착현상을 조사하였다. Zeolite와 peat의 양이온치환이용량은 각각 98.7 me/100g, 77.2 me/100g로 sand의 양이온치환용량(2.5 me/100g)과 비교할 때 매우 높았다. 4종의 천연여과재에 따라 이들에 흡착된 치환성양이온들이 탈착되는 비율은 sand ) peat) zeolite ) Na-zeolite의 순이었다. Sand에 의한 Cd이온의 제거효과는 여과가 진행되는 동안 급격히 감소하다가 3시간후에는Cd이온의 제거효과가 거의 나타나지 않았다. Zeolite와 peat에 의한 Cd이온의 제거효과는 여과 9시간동안 계속 매우 높게 나타났으며,Na이온으로 포화시킨 zeolite의 경우는 9시간동안 100% 의 제거효과를 나타냈다. 따라서 폐수내의 중금속을 효과적으로 제거하기 위해서는 Na이온으로 포화시킨 zeolite가 가장 바람직하다고 하겠다. The adsorption capacities of Cd cation by some natural matters(zeolite, Na-saturated zeolite, peat, sand) and the desorption of exchangeablecations in them were investigated for the purpose of developing low-priced naturalfilters for the effective elimination of heavy metal cations in waste water. The cation exchange capatcities of zeolite and peat were 98.7 me/100g and77.2 me/100g, respectively. These capacities were very high in comparision withthat of sand, 2.5 me/100g. The desorption ratios of exchangeable cations according to 4 different natu-ral filters were high in the order of sand ) peat ) zeolite ) Na-saturated zeolite. The eliminative effect of Cd cation by sand rapidly decreased during filtering process, and 3 hours later, it was nearly out. However, zeolite and peat showed high eliminative effects( ) 99.5% ) of Cd cation and Na-saturated zeolite showed most high eliminative effect (100%)for 9 hours. So, in order to effectively eliminate heavy metal cations in wastewater, Na-saturated zeolite is most desirable.

Discussion of “Physio-Chemical Properties, Consolidation, and Stabilization of Tropical Peat Soil Using Traditional Soil Additives – A State of the Art Literature Review” by Afnan Ahmada, Muslich Hartadi Sutantoa, Mohammed Ali Mohammed Al-Bareda, Indr

Brendan C. O’Kelly 대한토목학회 2022 KSCE JOURNAL OF CIVIL ENGINEERING Vol.26 No.8

This discussion article provides commenting on the sections of the review paper by Ahmad et al. (the authors) concerning consistency limits determinations for peats and peaty soils, drawing on the writer’s experiences regarding the usefulness of liquid limit (LL) and plastic limit (PL) testing/results for these soils in explaining their geotechnical behaviors/properties. From the writer’s experience, despite being regularly specified in geotechnical engineering practice and used in research work, the conventional consistency limits tests generally do not produce physically meaningful results when testing peat soils, especially for more fibrous peats. Hence, the writer does not agree with the authors’ recommendations on consistency limits testing of peats; namely, they recommended that an utmost effort is needed to improve the quality and standard of the thread rolling test and the fall-cone test for consistency limits determinations of highly organic soils such as peat. Rather than grappling with various known inherent shortcomings of consistency limits testing for peats and other highly organic soils, a suggested way forward for assessing the likely geoengineering behavior/properties of these materials points to the routine measurement of a more useful suite of index tests; namely, their natural water content, organic content, fiber content, and humification (decomposition) level. In this discussion, the above aspects are explored in detail, including greater elaboration of the writer’s earlier research work in this area, which was touched on in the authors’ paper.

Removal of Astrazone Blue from aqueous solutions onto brown peat. Equilibrium and kinetics studies

Lacramioara Rusu,Maria Harja,Andrei Ionu Simion,Daniela Suteu,Gabriela Ciobanu,Lidia Favier 한국화학공학회 2014 Korean Journal of Chemical Engineering Vol.31 No.6

The aim of this study is to characterize and assess the sorption potential of brown peat, in relation to coloredpollutants from the textile industry wastewater. The objectives of this paper were: the physicochemical, morphological,and mineralogical characterization of brown peat, testing the adsorption capacity of natural and chemically treatedpeat samples for Astrazone Blue, evaluation of adsorption process from equilibrium isotherm and kinetic point of view. The characteristics of the peat samples were investigated using elemental analysis, scanning electron microscopy andX-ray diffractometry. Experimental data indicated that the brown peat tested confirm a high level of adsorption (removalefficiency >93.00%, adsorption capacity reaching up to 24.27 mg/g) of Astrazone Blue from aqueous solution. TheLangmuir and Freundlich adsorption isotherm models were used to find the best equation able to describe the adsorptionprocess. Experimental adsorption data were successfully described by the Langmuir equilibrium isotherm model. This fact is supported by the agreement between the q values obtained using the Langmuir equation (26.32 mg/g), andthe ones obtained experimentally (24.27 mg/g). The kinetic studies showed that the pseudo-second-order model describedAstrazone Blue sorption kinetics, as confirmed by the high values of R2, which are over 0.99 for the wholeinvestigated concentration range (200 to 800 mg/L). The use of brown peat adsorbent is more advantageous comparedwith other materials since it does not require a preliminary treatment, is low-cost and is an eco-friendly adsorbent. Hence,this peat appears to be a viable material for the decontamination of effluents containing dyes.