Rethinking Path Dependency and Regional Innovation : Policy Induced ‘Government Dependency’: The Case of Daedeok, South Korea

Taek-ku Lee 세계과학도시연합 2012 World Technopolis Review Vol.1 No.2

This study focuses on exploring the behaviours of high-tech start-up firms in response to the policy interventions undertaken to promote regional innovation in South Korea since 1997. High-tech start-ups and their technological entrepreneurship are increasingly considered by policy makers and academics to play a crucial role in the generation of innovation and economic development. However, this study started from a basic concern of why government intervention does not necessarily result in an increase of regional innovation capacity. To explain this concern, we constructed a new conceptual framework of ‘government dependency’ and apply this to ‘Daedeok,’ a regional innovation system in South Korea, to explore the reproduction of path dependency as an impact induced by innovation policy. This conceptual framework was developed by remodeling path dependency approaches through a systemic and interactive lens. An empirical study used qualitative interviews of start-up founders to delineate the emergence of a new development path and the extent to which dependency was reproduced in the Daedeok regional innovation system. Empirical analysis suggested that ‘reliance’ and ‘persistence’ were the crucial factors in the production and reproduction of the government dependency. Some firms accepted dependency as reliance, but others regarded it as policy utilization. Thus, a critical juncture could not be clearly identified in actors’ behaviour. It was also unclear if dependency had hindered innovation, but it was shown that the regional and institutional contexts strongly influenced the reproduction process. The study concludes that the construct of government dependency can also provide useful insights into policy learning as well as the success of government interventions.

Rethinking Path Dependency and Regional Innovation - Policy Induced 'Government Dependency': The Case of Daedeok, South Korea

Lee, Taek-Ku World Technopolis Association 2012 World Technopolis Review Vol.1 No.2

This study focuses on exploring the behaviours of high-tech start-up firms in response to the policy interventions undertaken to promote regional innovation in South Korea since 1997. High-tech start-ups and their technological entrepreneurship are increasingly considered by policy makers and academics to play a crucial role in the generation of innovation and economic development. However, this study started from a basic concern of why government intervention does not necessarily result in an increase of regional innovation capacity. To explain this concern, we constructed a new conceptual framework of 'government dependency' and apply this to 'Daedeok,' a regional innovation system in South Korea, to explore the reproduction of path dependency as an impact induced by innovation policy. This conceptual framework was developed by remodeling path dependency approaches through a systemic and interactive lens. An empirical study used qualitative interviews of start-up founders to delineate the emergence of a new development path and the extent to which dependency was reproduced in the Daedeok regional innovation system. Empirical analysis suggested that 'reliance' and 'persistence' were the crucial factors in the production and reproduction of the government dependency. Some firms accepted dependency as reliance, but others regarded it as policy utilization. Thus, a critical juncture could not be clearly identified in actors' behaviour. It was also unclear if dependency had hindered innovation, but it was shown that the regional and institutional contexts strongly influenced the reproduction process. The study concludes that the construct of government dependency can also provide useful insights into policy learning as well as the success of government interventions.

여행바우처정책의 경로의존단계적 변화 분석

이연택(Youn Taek Lee),김자영(Ja Yeong Kim) 한양대학교 관광연구소 2013 觀光硏究論叢 Vol.25 No.2

본 연구는 경로의존단계이론에 근거하여 여행바우처 정책의 경로의존적 특성을 분석하는데 목적을 두었다. 이를 위해 여행바우처정책, 경로의존성의 개념, 경로의존단계 모형 등에 대한 이론 고찰이 이루어졌으며, 이를 토대로 경로의존단계적 변화를 확인하기 위한 분석모형이 제시되었다. 분석모형에서는 여행바우처정책의 정책변화를 기준으로 도입기, 조정기, 재시행기로 시기를 구분하고, 분석요인으로 경로설정요인과 경로의존적 변화요인을 설정하였다. 세부적인 분석요인으로는 결정적 국면, 제도적 관성, 제도변화의 속도와 방향 등이 설정되었다. 분석결과, 도입기에서 여행바우처정책은 결정적 국면에 의해서 정책의 경로가 설정되고, 관련 계획에서 제도도입이 지속적으로 논의되는 제도적 관성의 특성을 보여주어 경로설정단계적 특성을 확인하였다. 다음으로 조정기에서 여행 바우처 정책은 정책의 중단 및 수정을 경험하나 기존 경로로 회귀하는 경로적응단계적 특성을 나타냈다. 마지막으로, 재시행기에 여행바우처정책은 초기에 설정된 정책의 경로를 지속적으로 따를 뿐만 아니라 그 경로를 더욱 강화하는 경로강화단계적 특성을 확인하였다. 결론적으로, 여행바우처정책은 비록 정책중단의 시기가 있었음에도 불구하고, 자기 강화메커니즘에 의해 경로강화단계로 진입하는 경로의존적 특성을 보여주었다. 시사점으로는 초기 정책선택의 중요성과 합리적인 정책변동을 담보하기 위한 제도화가 필요함을 제시하였다. This study focused on the path dependent phase change of travel voucher policy. For the study, theoretical reviews on travel voucher policy, path dependence, and path dependent phase model were applied. Based upon the previous researches this study proposed an analytical model which was composed of three parts: travel voucher policy change, analytical factors, and characteristics of path dependence. The findings of analysis were three folds. First, it found that the launch of Kim Dae Joong Government was a critical juncture of travel voucher policy formation which is termed as ``path formation phase``. Second, it showed the character of ``path adaptive phase`` that mixed with path dependent and path breakaway in modification time of travel voucher policy. Third, it showed the characteristics of ``path reinforcement phase`` in re-implementation time of travel voucher policy. It has been continued in the direction of strengthening the path of travel voucher policy. In conclusion, the results of the study revealed that the change of travel voucher policy held the path dependent phase characteristics, which confirmed the previous research results in this line. For the practical applications, the study suggested that the first selection of the policy is very significant, and the preparation of institutions for rational policy change is necessary.

The Effect of Prior Innovation Paths on Path Switching between Exploitation and Exploration

최승호(Seungho Choi),김상준(Sangjoon Kim),권연아(Yunna Kwon) 한국인사관리학회 2017 한국인사관리학회 학술대회 발표논문집 Vol.2017 No.1

Organizations can achieve a balance between exploitation exploration by cycling temporally through periods of exploitation and periods of exploration. This paper conceptualizes exploitation and exploration as technological paths in organizations by drawing from the theoretical framing provided by the organization path dependence. The prior paths of organizations affect their choice for next actions and decision. Exploitation and exploration represent different phases of organization path dependence and their path characteristics affect the occurrence of path switching over time. This paper addresses how duration, intensity, and dynamics of previous innovation paths influence path switching between exploitation and exploration. We find that the duration of an exploitation path prevents organizations from shifting to exploration. However, the intensity and dynamics of exploitation paths increases the likelihood of path switching to exploration. The duration and dynamics of an exploration path enables them to shift to the exploitation. In contrast, the intensity of exploitation paths delays path switching to exploration. The findings of this paper imply that previous organization paths might not only constrain the next paths but also stimulate path dynamics. The constraint or enabling effect of organization paths to path dependence depends on the characteristics of organization paths. The current innovation paths can be considered an evolution of, rather than a departure from, the prior innovation activities.

Path Dependence or Path Emergence? : The Case of the Helsinki Process

홍기준 한국정치학회 2017 한국정치학회보 Vol.51 No.6

This article explores the logic of path emergence as a challenge to the logic of path dependence. The logic of path dependence has been widely applied to social and political phenomena to explain self-reinforcing institutional dynamics. However, it is not theoretically competent in accounting for social emergence that arises in the linkage between micro-level of human action and macro-level of social structure. In order to remedy this theoretical deficiency, the logic of path emergence incorporates morphogenetic fields, social resonance, self-organized criticality and co-evolution as key components underlying institutional dynamics. On the basis of this new perspective, this article examines the Helsinki process as an example of path emergence. The Helsinki process significantly contributed to the end of the Cold War in 1989 as a result of institutional development and transnational network building. This article argues that the unanticipated “Helsinki effect” can be better grasped by the logic of path emergence than by the logic of path dependence.

국내 이륜차 산업의 경로 의존성: 산업수명주기 내의 산업적 경로 고착 탐색 중심으로

장종신,김희동,이흥식 한국기계기술학회 2023 한국기계기술학회지 Vol.25 No.5

This study examines the persistent decline of the motorcycle industry despite governmental interventions, using the perspective of path dependency. Drawing from W. B. Arthur's concept of 'Lock-in by insignificant historical events', the research delves into the lock-in phenomena within the industry's life cycle. We identified path dependency lock-in categories: contingency, historicity, and technological lock-in. The industry's licensing production method during its embryonic phase led to limited technological capabilities, establishing a technological path dependency. During the currency crisis and in alignment with China's open-door policy, the industry chose to import cheaper components, opting for economies of scale over technological innovation, intensifying the lock-in. Furthermore, the classification of motorcycle as a free industry before the currency crisis resulted in a lack of governmental support. This neglect has continued, with even modern electric motorcycle facing regulation. In conclusion, to overcome this entrenched path dependency and lock-in, significant governmental policy restructuring is essential.

Path Dependence or Path Emergence?

Hong Ki-Joon(홍기준) 한국정치학회 2017 한국정치학회보 Vol.51 No.6

이 논문은 경로의존성 개념이 가지고 있는 이론적 한계를 보완하기 위해 대안개념으로 ‘경로창발성’ 개념을 제시한다. 경로의존성은 제도의 지속성을 설명을 설명하기 위한 개념으로 사회 및 정치적 현상에 다양하게 적용되어 왔다. 그러나 이 개념은 개인적 수준의 인간행위와 전체적 수준의 사회구조가 상호간 긴밀히 연계되는 복잡한 과정에서 일어나는 창발적 현상을 설명하지 못하는 이론적 한계를 가지고 있다. 이와 같은 이론적 한계를 극복하기 위하여 본 논문은 ‘형태발생의 장’, ‘사회적 공명’, ‘자기조직 임계성’, ‘공진화’로 구성되는 경로창발성 이론을 대안이론으로 제시한다. 이러한 이론적 분석틀의 유용성을 검증하기 위한 경험적 사례로 1989년 동구권 붕괴에 기여한 것으로 평가되는 헬싱키 프로세스의 제도적 변화와 의도되지 않은 창발적 효과를 분석한다. 이 논문은 결론적으로 ‘헬싱키 효과’는 경로의존성 보다는 경로창발성에 의해 더 잘 설명될 수 있다고 주장한다. This article explores the logic of path emergence as a challenge to the logic of path dependence. The logic of path dependence has been widely applied to social and political phenomena to explain self-reinforcing institutional dynamics. However, it is not theoretically competent in accounting for social emergence that arises in the linkage between micro-level of human action and macro-level of social structure. In order to remedy this theoretical deficiency, the logic of path emergence incorporates morphogenetic fields, social resonance, self-organized criticality and co-evolution as key components underlying institutional dynamics. On the basis of this new perspective, this article examines the Helsinki process as an example of path emergence. The Helsinki process significantly contributed to the end of the Cold War in 1989 as a result of institutional development and transnational network building. This article argues that the unanticipated “Helsinki effect” can be better grasped by the logic of path emergence than by the logic of path dependence.

정권인수기 조직화의 경로의존성 분석 : 카터, 레이건, 클린턴 사례를 중심으로 Focusing on Cater, Reagan, Clinton Cases

김정해 서울대학교 행정대학원 2004 行政論叢 Vol.42 No.1

본 논문은 미국의 카터, 레이건, 클린턴 대통령의 정권인수기 조직화 과정에서 나타나는 경로의존성을 분석하였다. 정권인수기는 대통령후보자 확정이후부터 선거이전까지, 선거이후부터 취임전까지 그리고, 취임이후 이상 세 시기로 구분되며, 시간의 흐름에 따라 사전준비조직에서 정권인수조직으로 그리고 새정부 조직의 형태로 변화한다. 사전준비조직은 통합형과 분리형, 정권인수조직은 집권형 계층구조와 분권형 팀구조, 새 정부 조직은 비서실중심과 내각중심으로 구분된다. 이들 조직화 방식은 집권형(통합형)과 분권형(분리형)으로 유형화될 수 있다. 각 대통령이 후보자 시절에 처음 구성한 정권인수준비조직의 성격은 정권인수조직의 성격과 새정부 조직의 성격을 결정하는데 제약요인으로 작용한다. 즉, 일정한 경로를 지닌다는 것인데, 이때 영향을 주는 원인변수로 대통령과 정당의 성향 및 정치적 상황을 들 수 있다. 이러한 논의를 바탕으로 사례를 분석한 결과, 카터와 클린턴이 비교적 유사한 상황 하에서 유사한 경로의존성을 지닌 조직화 방식을 추구하였고, 레이건은 이들과 다른 경로의존성을 보였다. 정권인수를 조직화하는 과정에서 카터와 클린턴은 분권형을, 레이건은 통합형을 선호하였다. This study analyzes on a path-dependency of the transitional organizations during the presidential transition in USA; Cater, Reagan and Clinton cases. We can divide the presidential transition into three organizations according to the flow of time: ⅰ) the preparing organization for transition, ⅱ) the transitional organization ⅲ) the new presidency. These organizations change on after another with a path-dependency during the short term. And the change of organization is restricted by major three causal variables; ⅰ) preferences of the president, ⅱ) characters of the presidential party, ⅲ) conditions or contexts of the politics. These variables impact on a formation of transitional organization and path-dependency. The results of this study show that the transitional organizations of Carter and Clinton change with a similar path-dependency and differed from Reagan's. Carter and Clinton prefer decentralized type to centralized type.

A path-dependent fatigue crack propagation model under non-proportional modes I and III loading conditions

Mei, J.,Dong, P.,Kalnaus, S.,Jiang, Y.,Wei, Z. Pergamon Press 2017 Engineering fracture mechanics Vol.182 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>It has been well established that fatigue damage process is load-path dependent under non-proportional multi-axial loading conditions. Most of studies to date have been focusing on interpretation of S-N based test data by constructing a path-dependent fatigue damage model. This paper presents a two-parameter mixed-mode fatigue crack growth model which takes into account of crack growth dependency on both load path traversed and a maximum effective stress intensity attained in a stress intensity factor plane ( e . g . , <SUB> K I </SUB> - <SUB> K III </SUB> plane). By taking advantage of a path-dependent maximum range (PDMR) cycle definition (Dong et al., 2010; Wei and Dong, 2010), the two parameters are formulated by introducing a moment of load path (MLP) based equivalent stress intensity factor range ( Δ <SUB> K NP </SUB> ) and a maximum effective stress intensity parameter <SUB> K Max </SUB> incorporating an interaction term <SUB> K I </SUB> · <SUB> K III </SUB> . To examine the effectiveness of the proposed model, two sets of crack growth rate test data are considered. The first set is obtained as a part of this study using 304 stainless steel disk specimens subjected to three combined non-proportional modes I and III loading conditions (i.e., with a phase angle of 0°, 90°, and 180°). The second set was obtained by Feng et al. (2007) using 1070 steel disk specimens subjected to similar types of non-proportional mixed-mode conditions. Once the proposed two-parameter non-proportional mixed-mode crack growth model is used, it is shown that a good correlation can be achieved for both sets of the crack growth rate test data.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> Presented a two-parameter mixed-mode fatigue crack growth model. </LI> <LI> Both load path dependency and mean stress effect are considered. </LI> <LI> Validated by non-proportional mixed mode I and III crack growth tests on 304 steel. </LI> <LI> Good correlations are achieved both for test data obtained in this study and from others. </LI> </UL> </P>

지역개발정책의 경로의존성(path-dependency)에 관한 연구: 한국과 중국 사례의 비교

이상빈,박은병 한국동북아학회 2010 한국동북아논총 Vol.15 No.4

The concept of path dependence was originally used as a description for the self- reinforcing, self-cumulative process of technological change. In practice, path dependence refers to dynamic processes involving positive feedback, which generate multiple possible outcomes depending on the particular sequence in New Institutional Economics. In attempting to identify an alternative analytical perspective of path dependence, this article analyzes the path dependency of regional development policy between from Korean and Chinese cases. In this article, we examines two regional development cases to specify under what conditions path dependency matters, or even how the sate affected regional development strategy in the course of state-led industrialization. The logic concentration and balance of regional development strategy was identified as a factor that caused the emergence of regional policy pattern, which resulted from historical experiences of the economic development in Korea and China. 경로의존이라는 개념은 원래 기술변화과정 자체가 자기 강화적, 자기 누적적 성격을 묘사하는 말로 신제도경제학에서는 경로의존이라는 개념을 사용하여 과거의 연속적이면서 인과 관계적 선택과 공간적 특성을 경제적 현상과 결부시켜 분석하고 있다. 이 연구는 경로의존성(path-dependency)이라는 개념적 틀을 중심으로 국가 주도적인 산업화 전략에 따른 지역개발과정의 특성을 한국과 중국사례를 중심으로 상호 비교하였다. 한국과 중국은 경제성장 우선 전략에 따른 부수적인 현상으로 지역개발정책이 전개되었다. 한국과 중국에서는 정부주도의 산업정책이 지역불균형 개발전략과 지역격차를 초래하는 중요 원인이 될 뿐만 아니라 지역개발전략의 관성으로 자리 잡고 있다. 두 국가 사례의 문제를 해결하기 위한 전략으로는 지역개발의 공간성 개념에서 출발하여 지역 간 협력을 강조하는 실효성 있는 법률과 제도의 구축, 그리고 이에 대한 문화적 환경의 창출 및 지역개발전략 수립을 위한 역사적 맥락 분석이 중요하다.