인공 지능 시대의 정보 윤리학: 플로리디의 '새로운' 윤리학

목광수 한국과학철학회 2017 과학철학 Vol.20 No.3

Luciano Floridi shows that established theories of ethics, such as utilitarianism and deontology, cannot respond to new issues such as artificial evil, which happens in an era of artificial intelligence, and proposes that his ethics of information can do effectively. Floridi argues that his ethics of information is effective to find out new issues through the method of (levels of) abstraction and proposes ethical principles, in which metaphysical entropy should be prevented or removed and information entities should be flourished. Florid's ethics of information is a patient-oriented, ontocentirc macroethics, which is differentiated from established theories of ethics. The purpose of this discussion paper is to examine critically whether Floridi's ethics of information is morally justifiable. I doubt that Floridi's theory of ethics is morally justifiable in that his theory is not only vulnerable to the critique of moral relativism, but also is hard to escape from the problem of the naturalistic fallacy. In order to respond to these critiques, I recommend that Floridi's theory of information should include a concept of morality which can effectively support his theory from a normative perspective, that his theory should argue which level of abstraction is appropriate to his theory of ethics, and that his theory should try to explicate how his theory can relate to established theories of ethics. I argue that if Flordi's theory of ethics is supplemented through these recommendations, it could be an appropriate ethics of information in an era of artificial intelligence. 플로리디는 인공지능 시대의 정보 사회에서 나타나는 인공적 해악과 같은 새로운 윤리적 문제들이 기존의 윤리학을 통해 적절하게 대응될 수 없다는 것을 보이고, 이에 대한 대안으로 자신의 정보 철학에 토대를 둔 정보 윤리학을 제시한다. 플로리디의 정보 윤리학은 기존의 철학과 윤리학에서 포착되기 어려운 윤리적 문제와 존재들을 추상화 방법론을 통해 효과적으로 포착할 뿐만 아니라, 이러한 문제들을 해결하기 위해 형이상학적 엔트로피를 줄이고 정보 환경과 정보 유기체의 번영을 도모해야 한다는 정보 윤리의 원칙을 제시한다. 이러한 플로리디의 정보 윤리학은 기존의 윤리학과 차별되는 피동자와 존재 중심적인 거시 윤리학이다. 본 토론 논문의 목적은 이렇게 제시된 플로리디의 윤리학이 이 시대에 적합한 정보 윤리학인지를 비판적으로 검토하고자 한다. 특히 플로리디의 정보 윤리학이 인공지능 시대의 ‘새로운’ 윤리학이 될 수 있을지를 검토하고, 이러한 목표를 위해 보완할 점을 제안하고자 한다. 본 논문은 플로리디의 정보 윤리학이 제시하는 인식론적 방법과 논의가 사실과 가치를 구분하지 못해 야기되는 자연주의적 오류로 인해 도덕적 차원에서는 정당화될 수 있을지 의심스러울 뿐만 아니라, 상대주의적 비판에도 취약하다고 분석한다. 본 논문은, 이러한 한계를 보완하기 위해 플로리디의 정보 윤리학은 이론의 토대가 되는 도덕성 또는 규범성 개념에 대한 설명을 보충해야 할 뿐만 아니라, 정보 윤리학이 작동하는 추상화 층위를 도덕적으로 정당화할 필요가 있으며, 정보 윤리학이 기존 윤리학을 대체하거나 포괄하기보다는 기존 윤리학과의 협력적 관계 설정을 통해 체계화할 필요가 있다고 주장한다.

Infosphere, Humans as Inforgs, and Human Agency

신상규 건국대학교 아시아・디아스포라연구소 2023 International Journal of Diaspora&Cultural Critici Vol.13 No.2

This paper is an attempt to shed light on the nature of the information revolution we are facing by focusing on Floridi’s philosophy of information, specifically his book The Fourth Revolution. I will first briefly explain the concepts of hyperhistory and the infosphere, and then identify the core claim of the Fourth Revolution in anthropology, along with the concept of the “inforg.” Copernicus, Darwin, and Freud each contributed in different ways to the rupture of anthropocentrism and the decentering of the human subject. In Floridi’s Fourth Revolution, the decentering of the human subject is related to the fact that we understand ourselves as inforgs, or information organisms. Focusing on the role of technology in mediating the relationship between human perception (experience), action, and reality (the world), I argue that the decentering of the human subject in the Fourth Revolution can be found in a shift in our perception of human agency.

Construction of a Digitally Represented Person by Personal Data: A Multidimensional Framework from an Inforg Perspective

민진영,HanByeol Stella Choi,곽찬희,Junyeong Lee 한국경영정보학회 2024 Asia Pacific Journal of Information Systems Vol.34 No.1

The amount of data a related to a person is so substantial that it appears that a digital version of them can be built thereon. They are usually handled as personal information, and the attempts made to understand personal information have led to bundling and unbundling of various data, yielding numerous fragmented categories of personal information. Therefore, we attempt to construct a generalizable lens for a deeper understanding of person-related data. We develop a theoretical framework that provides a fundamental method to understand these data as an entity of a digitally represented person based on literature review as well as the concepts of inforg and infosphere. The proposed framework suggests person-related data consist of three informational inforg dimensions that can preserve the archetype of a person, form, content, and interaction. Subsequently, the framework is examined and tested through several analyses in two different contexts: social media and online shopping mall. This framework demonstrates the suggested dimensions are interrelated with certain patterns, the prominent dimension can determine the data characteristics, and the dimensional composition of data types can imply the characteristics of the digitally represented person in certain contexts.

플로리디의 정보철학과 포스트휴머니즘

신상규 이화여자대학교 이화인문과학원 2023 탈경계인문학 Vol.16 No.1

This paper seeks to identify and elucidate useful conceptual tools in Floridi's philosophy of information for the development of a posthumanist discourse, especially in information ethics. Floridi is not a philosopher who claims to be posthumanist himself. Nevertheless, there are many discussions in his philosophy of information that provide important insights into posthumanist discourse. Posthumanism promotes a post-anthropocentric understanding of humans and the world by dissolving the boundaries of traditional binary divisions such as mind/body, life/machine, human/non-human, and artificial/natural. This paper argues that his information ethics is posthumanist in its elucidation of key concepts such as infosphere and inforg, its ontocentric and patient-oriented approache to ethics, and its postanthropocentric analysis of the concept of the agent.

정보철학 관점에서 본 최한기의 기학(氣學)

김선희 이화여자대학교 이화인문과학원 2023 탈경계인문학 Vol.16 No.2

이 연구는 현대 사회에서 부상한 ‘정보철학’과 그 관점에서 도출된 세계의 윤리적 변화를 동아시아의 철학의 관점에서 어떻게 설명하고 해석할 수 있을지, 양자의 성긴 연결을 통해 어떤 함의를 도출할 수 있을지 검토하려는 시도이다. 특히 이 논문은 전통적인 기 개념을 당대 서구 과학을 통해 입증하고자 했던 19세기 조선 유학자 최한기의 ‘기학(氣學)’을 정보철학과 정보 윤리의 관점에서 살펴보고자 한다. 최한기는 전통적인 기의 의미망을 넘어 인식과 경험, 기계의 원리와 작동, 사회와 우주의 운용에까지 기라는 개념을 일관되게 적용하고자 한다. 이러한 최한기의 체계에서 만물은 각자 평등한 정보존재자로서 패턴을 교환하고 상호 작용하며 최종적으로는 상호적 책임으로 무한히 연계된다. This study is an attempt to examine how the 'Philosophy of Information' and the 'Ethics of Information' that have emerged in contemporary society can be explained and interpreted from the perspective of East Asian philosophy, and what implications can be drawn from their loose connection. Changes in the current technological environment mean that the multilayered dimensions and elements that make up human life, and the conditions and modes of existence such as nature-life, society-culture, and technology-machine, are being recombined, reassembled, and contextualized around a different fulcrum than before. This paper will examine these new conditions from the perspective of East Asian pre-modern philosophy as an 'unfamiliar other'. In particular, this paper will compare the worldview and implications of qi from the perspective of information philosophy and ethics through the 'qi study' of Choi Hangi, a 19th century Korean scholar who sought to validate the traditional East Asian concept of qi through the Western science of his time. Choi consistently applies the concept of qi to perception and experience, the principle and operation of machines, and the functioning of society and the universe, beyond the traditional semantic network of qi. In Choi's system, all things are equal information beings, exchanging patterns and interconnected by mutual responsibility. In this sense, Choi's Qi-Study can be seen as a kind of 'the ontology of events' and 'the dynamics of information'. In it, human beings must abandon egocentrism and assume responsibility for the whole, and take ethical responsibility for the phenomena they see at each level of abstraction.