Structural health monitoring of a newly built high-piled wharf in a harbor with fiber Bragg grating sensor technology: design and deployment

Liu, Hong-biao,Zhang, Qiang,Zhang, Bao-hua Techno-Press 2017 Smart Structures and Systems, An International Jou Vol.20 No.2

Structural health monitoring (SHM) of civil infrastructure using fiber Bragg grating sensor networks (FBGSNs) has received significant public attention in recent years. However, there is currently little research on the health-monitoring technology of high-piled wharfs in coastal ports using the fiber Bragg grating (FBG) sensor technique. The benefits of FBG sensors are their small size, light weight, lack of conductivity, resistance corrosion, multiplexing ability and immunity to electromagnetic interference. Based on the properties of high-piled wharfs in coastal ports and servicing seawater environment and the benefits of FBG sensors, the SHM system for a high-piled wharf in the Tianjin Port of China is devised and deployed partly using the FBG sensor technique. In addition, the health-monitoring parameters are proposed. The system can monitor the structural mechanical properties and durability, which provides a state-of-the-art mean to monitor the health conditions of the wharf and display the monitored data with the BIM technique. In total, 289 FBG stain sensors, 87 FBG temperature sensors, 20 FBG obliquity sensors, 16 FBG pressure sensors, 8 FBG acceleration sensors and 4 anode ladders are installed in the components of the back platform and front platform. After the installation of some components in the wharf construction site, the good signal that each sensor measures demonstrates the suitability of the sensor setup methods, and it is proper for the full-scale, continuous, autonomous SHM deployment for the high-piled wharf in the costal port. The South 27# Wharf SHM system constitutes the largest deployment of FBG sensors for wharf structures in costal ports to date. This deployment demonstrates the strong potential of FBGSNs to monitor the health of large-scale coastal wharf structures. This study can provide a reference to the long-term health-monitoring system deployment for high-piled wharf structures in coastal ports.

Bridge health monitoring in the United States: A review

Rizzo, Piervincenzo,Enshaeian, Alireza Techno-Press 2021 Structural monitoring and maintenance Vol.8 No.1

The assessment of bridges' health has become a relevant component of the maintenance paradigm especially in those countries in which many structures are rated in poor condition and/or are over 50 years old. Additionally, the permanent monitoring of bridges helps engineers in validating the design prediction of bridge structural response to external loads. With more than 600,000 highway bridges, 46.4% of which rated as fair and 7.6% rated in poor condition, United States is one of those countries in which the installation of reliable bridge health monitoring systems is strategically necessary to minimize and optimize repair and rehabilitation costs and to minimize the risk of failures. In this paper, a thorough review of the scientific literature on structural health monitoring systems installed in U.S. bridges over the last 20 years is presented. This review aims to offer interested readers a holistic perspective of recent and current state-of-the-art bridge health monitoring systems and to extract a "general paradigm" that is common to many real structures. The review, conducted through a comprehensive search of peer-reviewed documents available in the scientific literature, discusses more than sixty bridges in terms of the instrumentation used, scope of the monitoring, and main outcomes. Overall, it was found that the monitoring systems provide a valuable tool to compare the structural responses predicted using analytical or numerical tools with the real response of the given structures. Owing to the relative short time span of the monitoring period, most of the monitoring systems did not flag any serious structural flaws that required the closure of the bridge monitored.

ZigBee를 이용한 실시간 임베디드 리눅스 기반의 저전력형 U-Health 시스템 구현

권종원(Jongwon Kwon),오드게렐(Odgerel Ayurzana),박용만(Yongman Park),구상준(Sangjun Koo),김회식(Hiesik Kim) 대한전기학회 2007 대한전기학회 학술대회 논문집 Vol.2007 No.4

As the sensors and communication technology get advance, the remote health diagnosis for patients and senior persons at home are possible now without visiting doctors in hospitals. A low-power ubiquitous health check device was developed adapting Real-Time Embedded Linux is developed. This ubiquitous device is consisted of three sensors. The wrist type health checking' terminal acquires periodically the health data by using a blood pressure sensor, a pulse sensor and a body temperature sensor. It transmits the health data to the access point located at the home center through the ZigBee wireless communication modem. This health data collector or access point device sends the data again to the main server operated in a hospital or health care organization. The health server control continuously the input data and sends an alarm signal to the assigned doctor and responsible persons using cellular SMS when any dangerous events occur. This wrist type health check device has an embedded linux OS using Intel PAX255 MPU. The developed U-Health system is applicable for checking patients health in remote at home. And their family or related persons in remote site can check the patients health status at any time. They can be assured by receiving SMS record and alarm of emergency case which is transmitted from the health server.

A multipurpose smart activity monitoring system for personalized health services

Park, K.,Lim, S. Elsevier science 2015 Information sciences Vol.314 No.-

One of the most popular types of personal health device is the activity monitor, which is attached to the user's wrist or waist in order to measure physical activity data such as exercise time/duration and calorie consumption. However, for the purpose of checking the physical conditions, medical staffs may want to check remotely the movement of a patient's body parts. Given that it has an activity sensor to measure the speed of a user's movement, an activity monitor can also be used to track the movement of a user's body part. In this paper, a multipurpose smart activity monitoring system for personalized health services is proposed. The purpose of the system is twofold. The first purpose is to perform easily smart monitoring of a user's physical activity. The system proposed in this paper is referred to as ''smart'' because the personal activity monitor can be managed remotely through the management commands issued by the monitoring server. The personal data, device data or programs installed in the personal activity monitor can be updated remotely by the monitoring server or medical staffs, and error reports can be delivered to the server or the medical staffs for personalized health services. To do this, the ISO/IEEE 11073 and OMA DM communication protocols are extended and the protocol transformation between two protocols is performed. The second purpose is to perform convenient motion tracking of a user's body part in order to monitor the speed of the body part, as well as its tracking path. The system is also referred as ''multipurpose'' since the activity monitor can be used in motion tracking as well as in activity monitoring. The objects in motion to be tracked remotely by medical staffs can be a human body part. To do this, in addition to the acceleration sensor, a gyro sensor is installed in the personal activity monitor and the movement data captured by the activity monitor is analyzed to show 2-way views of the movement of the body part on which the activity monitor is attached. Then medical staffs can check remotely the physical conditions of the body part in various ways.

Review of applications and user perceptions of smart home technology for health and environmental monitoring

Rhee Jee Heon,Ma Jae Hoon,Seo JoonOh,Cha Seung Hyun 한국CDE학회 2022 Journal of computational design and engineering Vol.9 No.3

In recent decades, smart home technology has advanced, improving the well-being and quality of life of its users. Thus, its applications have expanded, particularly in health and environmental monitoring. Numerous devices have been developed to accommodate user requirements of monitoring; however, the adoption of monitoring devices is closely related to user perception. User perception can be considered from different perspectives. One method of understanding different user perceptions is comparing wearable and nonwearable devices, owing to the differences in their obtrusiveness. The aim of this study was to systematically review the applications and user perceptions of health and environmental monitoring devices, emphasizing on the wearable and nonwearable distinction. We conducted a focused search of articles related to smart home technology and its user perceptions based on its applications. The inclusion criteria were original and peer-reviewed articles centered on health and environmental monitoring devices. We identified and analysed 159 of the 4476 relevant articles and divided the articles into two categories. The first category comprised health and environmental monitoring and their applications by the type of device. The second category comprised user perceptions of monitoring devices. The devices were grouped into wearable and nonwearable devices for our analysis. We identified user perceptions based on usefulness, ease of use, and privacy. Because wearable and nonwearable devices complement their limitations, we recommend their integration for improving user perception.

Health Monitoring of High-rise Building with Fiber Optic Sensor (SOFO)

Mikami, Takao,Nishizawa, Takao Council on Tall Building and Urban Habitat Korea 2015 International journal of high-rise buildings Vol.4 No.1

Structural health monitoring is becoming more and more important in the domain of civil engineering as a proper mean to increase and maintain the safety, especially in the land of earthquakes like Japan. In many civil structures, the deformations are the most relevant parameter to be monitored. In this context, a monitoring technology based on the use of long-gage fiber optic deformation sensor, SOFO is being applied to a 33-floors tall building in Tokyo. Sensors were installed on the $2^{nd}$ floor's steel columns of the building on May 2005 in the early stage of the construction. The installed SOFO sensors were dynamic compatible ones which enable both static and dynamic measurements. The monitoring is to be performed during the whole lifespan of the building. During the construction, static deformations of the columns had been measured on a regular basis using a reading unit for static measurement and dynamic deformation measurements were occasionally conducted using a reading unit for dynamic measurement. The building was completed on August 2006. After the completion, static and dynamic deformation measurements have been continuing. This paper describes a health monitoring technology, SOFO system which is applicable to high-rise buildings and monitoring results of a 33-floors tall building in Tokyo from May 2005 to October 2010.

Structural health monitoring system for Sutong Cable-stayed Bridge

Hao Wang,Tianyou Tao,Aiqun Li,Yufeng Zhang 국제구조공학회 2016 Smart Structures and Systems, An International Jou Vol.18 No.2

Structural Health Monitoring System (SHMS) works as an efficient platform for monitoring the health status and performance deterioration of engineering structures during long-term service periods. The objective of its installation is to provide reasonable suggestions for structural maintenance and management, and therefore ensure the structural safety based on the information extracted from the real-time measured data. In this paper, the SHMS implemented on a world-famous kilometer-level cable-stayed bridge, named as Sutong Cable-stayed Bridge (SCB), is introduced in detail. The composition and core functions of the SHMS on SCB are elaborately presented. The system consists of four main subsystems including sensory subsystem, data acquisition and transmission subsystem, data management and control subsystem and structural health evaluation subsystem. All of the four parts are decomposed to separately describe their own constitutions and connected to illustrate the systematic functions. Accordingly, the main techniques and strategies adopted in the SHMS establishment are presented and some extension researches based on structural health monitoring are discussed. The introduction of the SHMS on SCB is expected to provide references for the establishment of SHMSs on long-span bridges with similar features as well as the implementation of potential researches based on structural health monitoring.

고령자 만성질환 및 건강관리 모니터링에 관한 연구: 웨어러블 기기의 효과

이종식,이강년 한국지식정보기술학회 2018 한국지식정보기술학회 논문지 Vol.13 No.3

This study is on the elderly people's use and experience of a wearable device. By using wearable device, the elderly can monitor their health data at real time. As a result, their motivation for health care, exercise, and so on can improve and enhance. Across the globe, population aging becomes one of the most important problems in each nation. The social and economic burden from aging is one of most serious challenges to sustainability of the world and its economy, including South Korea. Information Communication Technology including wearable device can help the elderly health care improve. In 2016, the number of wearable devices is more than 19 million. Many of them are the devices related to health data monitoring. In the experiment, the authors measure real time health data from the subjects' wearable devices. In the first experiment day, subjects' average waist size was 36.29 inches. In the final experiment day, 31st day later from start of the experiment, the average waist size was 35.51 inches. At the beginning of the experiment, standard deviation was 1.93. At the final day of the experiment, it was 2.24. In regression analysis, when experiment day extends, average waist size seems to decrease. The trend is significant (t=2.719, p<0.05). That result may mean the subjects' motivation for health care improve. Wearable device can increase the elderly people's motivation for health care and exercise. As a result, their health can improve.

Assessment of Concrete Structures Using Structural Health Monitoring (Shm)

Hani Nassif,Nakin Suksawang,Joseph Davis 한국콘크리트학회 2011 한국콘크리트학회 학술대회 논문집 Vol.2011 No.5

Structural Health Monitoring (SHM) of structures during construction, as well as over its service life, has recently become more attractive to owners and consulting engineers. With the introduction of new materials and construction methods, various types of structures are being instrumented with monitoring devices to determine their performance as well as their response to various loading conditions. Among many other objectives, this includes monitoring concrete cracking behavior, measuring time-dependent deformations such as creep and shrinkage, camber and deflection, and validation of new design or construction provisions. This paper highlights various types of instrumentation techniques used to monitor and test concrete structures during construction in New Jersey. For each case study, various types of sensors are installed on the structure for field-testing and long-term monitoring. These sensors consist of strain transducers, accelerometers, geophones, vibrating wire strain gages, settlement sensors, pressure cells, and weigh in motion (WIM) system. This paper also provides an overview how data from various sensors could be processed to assess the actual behavior of the structure at various stages. Results of research work are employed to enable New Jersey Department of Transportation (NJDOT) to successfully update their design provisions.

Implementation of a bio-inspired two-mode structural health monitoring system

Lin, Tzu-Kang,Yu, Li-Chen,Ku, Chang-Hung,Chang, Kuo-Chun,Kiremidjian, Anne Techno-Press 2011 Smart Structures and Systems, An International Jou Vol.8 No.1

A bio-inspired two-mode structural health monitoring (SHM) system based on the Na$\ddot{i}$ve Bayes (NB) classification method is discussed in this paper. To implement the molecular biology based Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) array concept in structural health monitoring, which has been demonstrated to be superior in disease detection, two types of array expression data have been proposed for the development of the SHM algorithm. For the micro-vibration mode, a two-tier auto-regression with exogenous (AR-ARX) process is used to extract the expression array from the recorded structural time history while an ARX process is applied for the analysis of the earthquake mode. The health condition of the structure is then determined using the NB classification method. In addition, the union concept in probability is used to improve the accuracy of the system. To verify the performance and reliability of the SHM algorithm, a downscaled eight-storey steel building located at the shaking table of the National Center for Research on Earthquake Engineering (NCREE) was used as the benchmark structure. The structural response from different damage levels and locations was collected and incorporated in the database to aid the structural health monitoring process. Preliminary verification has demonstrated that the structure health condition can be precisely detected by the proposed algorithm. To implement the developed SHM system in a practical application, a SHM prototype consisting of the input sensing module, the transmission module, and the SHM platform was developed. The vibration data were first measured by the deployed sensor, and subsequently the SHM mode corresponding to the desired excitation is chosen automatically to quickly evaluate the health condition of the structure. Test results from the ambient vibration and shaking table test showed that the condition and location of the benchmark structure damage can be successfully detected by the proposed SHM prototype system, and the information is instantaneously transmitted to a remote server to facilitate real-time monitoring. Implementing the bio-inspired two-mode SHM practically has been successfully demonstrated.